systematic process

scientific method of investigation a phenomenom

Research process:

1. first step for research

no prblem no researh can be done

2. literature review- keywords review

without problem definition there is no work for research work

3. determine research methodology-

4. presentation analysis and data enterpretation, come up with conclusion

attribution- what factors associate the data

by enterpretation by implication - result interpretation
how would you now relate, result with literature result

5. whatever result, try to entertwined results with literature

conceptual- get from books, atlas- refer to previous studies

compare advanced by autorities-

6. analysis of data analysis

present, analyze, enterpret, entertwined - chapter 4

7. What conclusions or generaliation from the findings of your research- chapter 5

longitudunal- 1 type of group

cross-sectional - multiple group

survey - work for 400 samples...

Ex-post facto- Differential quantitative ()--

1. Research is not merely gathering information.

2. Research is not merely rummaging around for hard-to-locate information.
3. Research is not merely transporting facts from one location to another.

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1. Quantitative
1
-Descriptive
survey, developmental, follow-up, correlation, cosal comparative design/ex-post

- experimental
control group design, single group design(AB design, ab ab design, multi design),
(pre-experimental(specific design-3), true exp(5) design, quasi (3 types)

2. Qualitative
- descriptive (narrative design, ethnograpic, narrative, content design, case study
design, granded throry design)

- historical (content analysis)

3. mixed method- requires to use of quanti and quali.

- convergent/ triangulation method,
- embedded design- put emphasis quatittive, supported by qualitative
- exploratory- emphasis on quali, support by quanti (depends on survey questions)
-
-

1- importance, sygnificance
2- novelity - originality
3- replication of previous research - similar, the same subject, diffeent setting.
conducted in metro manila
conduct in another region
> confirm theories tested

not original in subject and

4- duplication - is not allowed..

when to use- when there is floss in previous floss
not justified, or deficiency- not duplicate.

5- is it ability or interest- how knowledgebale are you?

are you really interested, ability abd interest- should goes hand and hand

6- availability of instrument- inst to gather of data?

3 types: standardize inst, modified inst, researcher instrument?
- do you have?
- if not, can you modified instrument?
- can you do researcher made, to gather data, forget, if yes- proceed.

7. time, patience- esp. for researcher

8- if you have isntrument, are you sure data is available, is there sources, or
participants of study?
- availability of data is important.

9- availability of adviser- school no available adviser. not able to find adviser,

get outside, forget the problem.
you cannot defend alone your research.

10- administrative cost- budget- 1M, or 2M. Forget the probelem.

11- hazrds attached to the problem- NPA infested area. willing to die, forget the
problem.

-- assume you have selected the problem

- cannot break if you dont know the variables

correlation research- (depend, ind, intervening, moderating)

What do you want to do with these vairables?
- make a research questions...

WHat hypotheses can be drawn- based on the research questions..

is it quatitative, or quali hypotheses.

main problem, subproblem have throretical framework, conceptual framework, and

subproblems,

theries to be cord, theories conceptual framework,

- you cannot prepare you