Annexure 1

Sag-Tension Calculation, Sag Tension Chart and

Short Circuit Forces For Structure and Foundation Design

Following minimum clearances shall be maintained :

System operating voltage kVRMS 400 220 132 33
Lightning Impulse Withstand Level (LIWL) kVPEAK 1550 1050 650 170
Switching Impulse Withstand Level (SIWL) kVPEAK 1050
Power frequency voltage kVRMS 630 460 275 80
Minimum phase to earth clearance mm 3500 2100 1300 320
Minimum phase to phase clearance mm 4000 2100 1300 320
Minimum sectional clearance mm 6500 5000 4000 3000
Phase to phase distance between flexible conductor

Levels in the switchyard (Height from Plinth)

System operating voltage kVRMS 400 220 132 33
Plinth Level m
First Level - Equipment Connection m
Second Level - Strung Bus - Busbar m
Third Level - Strung Bus - Jack Bus m
Fourth Level - Shield wire m

The above levels in switchyard will ensure adequate phase to phase, phase to earth
clearances for maximum sag & swing, short circuit forces and wind forces.

CASE 1
Voltage kVRMS 420
Minimum Phase to phase clearance = m 4
Centre-line distance between main conductor mid points m 7
Span length m 100.00
Height of conductor above ground m 15.3
Conductor Type TARANTULLA
No. of sub-conductor of a main conductor Nos. 2
Current Carrying capacity A 2570
Suitability to carry Short Circuit Current Suitable
Effective distance between Sub-conductor = Center line m 0.45
distance between Sub-conductor
Spacer Span = Centeline distance between connecting pieces or m 6.00
between one connecting piece and the adjacent support

Static Tensile force per (sub)conductor in flexible conductor kg 1000

per phase under minimum temperature and maximum wind
condition
No. of Disc Insulator Strings Nos. 4
No. of disc in one string Nos. 30
Static Tensile force PER CONDUCTOR in flexible conductor kg 467.9
per phase under minimum temperature and NO wind condition
(CIVIL INPUT)
SAG
 Annexure 1
Sag-Tension Calculation, Sag Tension Chart and
Short Circuit Forces For Structure and Foundation Design

Net Current Carrying Capacity of the BUNDLE = A 2570

Suitability to carry Short Circuit Current Suitable
 Annexure 1
Sag-Tension Calculation, Sag Tension Chart and
Short Circuit Forces For Structure and Foundation Design

SAG
Total maximum sag = m 2.053
Sag due to conductor m 1.296
Sag due to Insulator m 0.757
Height of jack bus/equipment below conductor m 8.3
Therefore, available margin calculated between centre lines m 0.947
(excluding sub-conductor spacing, conductor width,
equipment clamps etc) =
SWING
Total maximum swing of conductor = m 0.581
Available margin = m 1.969
Phase to phase spacing required = m 5.031
SHORT CIRCUIT
Static Tensile force in flexible conductor per phase under kg 2000
minimum temperature and maximum wind condition
Therefore design short circuit force kg 5514.9
Maximum of following :
Tensile force during short circuit kg 2772.2
Tensile force caused by Pinch effect kg 5514.9
Tensile force after short circuit (drop force) kg NA
j 1.1
 Annexure-1

CALCULATION FOR FLEXIBLE CONDUCTORS

System Parameters
Voltage = 420 kV
Current Rating = 3000 A
Three phase Initial symmetrical short-circuit current (r.m.s) = 40,000 A
Duration of the first short circuit current flow = 1 Sec

System frequency = 50 Hz
Wind Parameters
Basic Wind Speed = = 47.00 m/s
Risk Coefficient as per Table 2 of IS: 802, Part 1, Sec 1 = 1.07
{For all Zones & for Reliability level 1(Voltage level upto
400kV)}
Terrain Category = 2
Factor to convert 3 second peak gust speed into = 1.3750
average speed of wind during 10 minutes period =
Height of conductor above ground = 15.3000

Spacer, additional concentrated mass

Spacer Span = Centeline distance between connecting pieces or = 6.00 m
between one connecting piece and the adjacent support
Spacer weight = 3 kg
No. of spacers in span = 14 nos.
Additional concentrated mass (other than spacer) representing the = 0.00 kg
connections of pentagraph isolator ( Mass of one connection)

Nos. of Trapzee Connection of pentagraph isolator in one span = 0 nos.

Conductor Parameters

Conductor Type = TARANTULLA

Type = AAC
Al Strands = 37
Steel Strands = 0
Al Strand Dia = 0.00523
St strand dia = 0
Cross sec. = 0.000794867945 sq.m
Diameter = 0.0366 m
Weight = 2.91 kg/m
Young's Mod. Kg./Cm2 = 608200 Kg./Cm2106
Young's Modulus (N/sq.m) = 61997961264 N/sq.m.
Drag Coefficient = 1
DC Resistance = 0.0363 Ohm/km
Resulting Mass Per Unit length of one sub-conductor = 3.1452 kg/m

Coefficient of Linear Expansion = 2.3E-05 / oC

length of compensating spring in case of pentograph Isolator = 0.00
No. of Disc Insulator Strings = 4.00
No. of disc in one string = 30.00

Weight of hardware = 60 kg
Length of Hardware before disc = 0.25 m
Disc Insulator Type = 120 kN
x = 0
Creepage = 440 mm.
Diameter of Disc = 0.28 m

Page 4 of 27
 Annexure-1

Weight of Disc = 8.3 kg

Length of Disc = 0.145 m
Total consolidated length of disc Insulator & Hardware in one side = 4.600 m
of Span
Total consolidated weight of disc Insulator & Hardware in one 1056.000
side of Span
Layout Parameters
No. of sub-conductor of a main conductor = 2 nos.
Static Tensile force PER CONDUCTOR in flexible conductor per 1T
phase under minimum temperature and maximum wind condition
Static Tensile force in flexible conductor per phase under = 2T
minimum temperature and maximum wind condition
Span length = 100.00 m
Beam width 1.5 m
Length of conductor carrying short circuit current (Chord length of = 89.3 m
main conductor in the span)
Maximum Ambient Temperature at site = 50.0000 oC
Minimum Ambient Temperature at site = 0.0000 o
C
Rise in temperature = 35.0000 o
C
Final Temperature after Short Circuit = 200.0000 o
C
Radial Thickness of ICE over the conductor Thice= 0.0000 cm
Phase to phase spacing provided between phases = 7.0000 m
Effective distance between Sub-conductor = Center line distance = 0.45 m
between Sub-conductor
Minimum Phase to phase clearance = 4m
Height of jack bus/equipment below conductor 8.3 m

Resultant Spring constant of both support of one Span N/m 100000

Page 5 of 27
CASE – 1.
CALCULATION FOR BUSBAR SIZING

Bundle Conductor Considered AAC TARANTULLA

No. of sub-conductor in a BUNDLE 2

1 Check for continuous thermal withstand capacity of the conductor

The current which a conductor can carry for a given temperature rise depends
upon the rate at which the produced heat is dissipated. In case of an overhead
conductor, the dissipation will be effected by radiation and by convection.

Required Current Carrying Capacity of the BUNDLED conductor 3000 Amps

Hence as given in Heat balance equation : (1)

Pj + Psol = Prad + Pconv
where,
Pj = RT I², Heat generated by Joule effect (2)
Psol =γ D Si, Solar Heat Gain (3)
Prad = s π D Ke (T24 – T14), Radiation Heat Loss (4)
Pconv = λ Nu (T2 – T1) π, Convection Heat Loss (5)
where,
I = the conductor current (A)
Rdc(20°C) DC resistance of conductor at 20°C 0.0363 Ω/km
RT= the electrical resistance of conductor at a temperature T (Ω/m)
γ = the solar radiation absorption co-efficient Refer IEC 61597 0.50
Si = the intensity of solar radiation (W/m²), Refer IEC 61597 900.00 W/m2
D= the conductor diameter (m) 0.0366 m
s = the Stefan Boltzmann constant (5.67×10–8 W.m–2K–4) Refer IEC 61597 5.67E-08 W.m–2K–4
Ke = the emmisivity co-efficient in respect to black body Refer IEC 61597 0.60
Ambient Temperature in (C) 50 °C
Final Equilibrium Temperature (C) 85 °C
T1 = Ambient Temperature in (K) 323 K
T2 = Final Equilibrium Temperature (K) 358 K
λ= the thermal conductivity of air film in contact with the conductor Refer IEC 61597 0.02585 W m–1K–1
Nu = the Nusselt number = 0.65 Re0.2 + 0.23Re0.61 Refer IEC 61597 25.7
Re = the Reynolds number = 1.644×109v D[(T1 + 0.5(T2 – T1)]–1.78 Refer IEC 61597 1871.6
v= wind speed in m/s Refer IEC 61597 1 m/s
f= System frequency 50 Hz
α= Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity Refer IEC 61597 4.03E-03 /°C
μ= permeability (= 1, for non magmnatic material) 1
now,
RT = Rdc x K
where,
Rdc DC resistance of the conductor at operating temperature 85 deg C
K Skin effect coefficient
again,
Rdc(85°C) = Rdc(20°C) (1+α×(T2-20))
Rdc(20degC) = 0.0363 Ω/km
0.058419 Ω/miles
=> Rdc(85°C) 0.073722 Ω/miles
Next for calculation of skin effect coefficient, a factor X [reference (2)]

μ×f
=> X= X =0 . 063598×
√ Rdc (850 C)
1.65603

For this value of X, the skin effect coefficient K is obtained from Table 4.1.1 of "Power Engineers Handbook"
K= 1.03512
=> RT = 0.076311 Ω/miles
4.74E-05 Ω/m
Psol =γ D Si 16.47
Prad = s π D Ke (T24 – T14) 21.68
Pconv = λ Nu (T2 – T1) π 73.12
from heat balance equation - 2 we derive,

( Prad  Pconv  Psol )

I max  equation-3
RT
From equation - 3, we obtain
=> Current Carrying Capacity of the CONDUCTOR = 1285 Amps
Net Current Carrying Capacity of the BUNDLE = 2570 Amps
 Check for Short Circuit Current carring capacity of the incoming line conductor

I"k3 System short circuit current for System 40,000 A

t Duration of short circuit current 1 sec

Min. reqd. area of cross-section of conductor for short time rating Reference: (2)-(c)
Clause 5.2.2 Eq (3) in2

I "k 3 X t
(Amin) = (T f  20  (15150 / G ))
6
0.144 X 10 log
(Ti  20  (15150 / G ))
where,
Ti Initial temp. of conductor before short ckt 85 0C
Tf Final temp of conductor after short ckt 200 0C
G Conductivity of conductor Reference: (2)-(c ) 40 %
Clause 5.2.2
0.878063 in2
Minimum required cross-sectional area 566.49 mm2

Cross-section of each CONDUCTOR 794.87 mm2

Overall Cross-section of BUNDLE 1589.74 mm2

Suitability to carry Short Circuit Current Suitable

 Annexure-1

CASE – 3.
Short Circuit Force Calculations
Calculation are based on IEC 865-1 (1993)
FOR FLEXIBLE CONDUCTORS

F st = Static Tensile force in flexible conductor per phase under minimum = 2T

temperature and maximum wind condition
= 19620 N
} } } {¿¿ = Three phase Initial symmetrical short-circuit (r.m.s) = 40000 A
I k3 ¿
n = No. of sub-conductor of a main conductor = 2 nos.
'
ms = Sub–conductor mass per unit length = 2.91 kg/m
d s = Diameter of flexible conductor = 3.660E-02 m

A s = Cross Section of one sub-conductor = 7.949E-04 m2

ls = Spacer Span = Centeline distance between connecting pieces or between = 6m

one connecting piece and the adjacent support
mc= Additional Concerated mass (other than spacer) representing the = 0 kg
connections of pentagraph isolator ( Mass of one connection)
nc = Nos. of Trapzee Connection of pentagraph isolator in one span = 0 nos.
ms = Spacer weight = 3 kg
n s= No. of spacers in span = 14 nos.

msc' = Resulting Mass Per Unit length of one sub-conductor

nc m c ns m s = 3.145 kg/m
msc '=m s ' + +
nl c nl c
l = Span length = 100 m

lsp = length of compensating spring in case of pentograph of Isolator = 0

= Total consolidated length of disk Insulator & Hardware in one side of = 4.6 m
d cl Span
a s = Effective distance between Sub-conductor = Center line distance = 0.45 m
between Sub-conductor
a = Centre-line distance between main conductor mid points = 7m
Beam Width 1.5 m
lc = Length of conductor carrying short circuit current (Chord length of main = 89.3 m
conductor in the span)
S = Resultant Spring constant of both support of one Span N/m = 100000 N/m

E = Young's modulus = 61997961264 N/m2

T k1 = Duration of the first short circuit current flow = 1 Sec

gn = Gravitational Constant = 9.81 m/s2

 fin = Constant = 5.00E+07 N/m2

f = System frequency = 50 Hz

Cth = Material Constant = 2.70E-19 m4/(A2s)

µo= Magnatic Constant, permeability of Vacuum = 4π×10–7 H/m

Page 8 of 27
 Annexure-1

CASE – 3.
Short Circuit Force Calculations
From eqn.19, Characteristic electromagnetic force per unit length on flexible main conductors,

μ0
F' = ×0 . 75׿ ¿¿ ¿ = 30.62 N/m
2π

From eqn. 20, the ratio of electromechanical force on a conductor under short circuit condition to gravity,

'
F
r= = 0.4962
n×m 'sc ×gn
From eqn. 21, Angular direction of the force,

δ 1 =tan −1 r = 26.3888 Deg

From eqn. 22, Equivalent Static Conductor Sag at mid span,

' 2
n×m sc ×gn ×l = 3.9315 m
bc =
8 F st
From eqn. 23, Period of Conductor oscillation,

bc
T =2 π 0 . 8
√ gn
= 3.5577 Sec.

From eqn. 24, Resulting period of the conductor oscillation during the short circuit current flow,

T
T res= = 3.4125 Sec.
2
4
√ 1+ r 1− 2
[ [ ]] π 2 δ1
64 90 0

From eqn. 25, The stiffness norm

1 1
N= + = 1.18E-07
Sl nE s A s
Where the actual Young's modulus is given by

F st F st
[ )]
{ (
E 0 . 3+0 . 7× sin × 900 for ≤ σ fin
nA s σ fin nA s
E s= = 3.50E+10 N/m2
F st
E for > σ fin
nA s

Page 9 of 27
 Annexure-1

CASE – 3.
Short Circuit Force Calculations
From eqn.28,The stress factor of the main conductor is given by :
2
( ngn m'sc l )
ζ= = 1.78E+00
24 F 3st N
From eqn. 29, Swing out angle at the end of the short-circuit current flow

Tk1 Tk 1
[ )]
{ (
δ 1 1− cos ×3600 for 0≤ ≤0 . 5
T res T res = 33.4389 Deg
δ k=
T k1
2 δ1 for >0 .5
T res

From eqn. 30, factor

1−r sin δ k for 0≤ δ k≤90

χ=
{ 1−r for δ k >90
= 0.7266

From eqn. 31, Maximun swing out angle

1 . 25 arccos χ for 0. 766≤ χ ≤1

{
δ m= 10+ arccos χ for −0 . 985≤ χ <0 . 766
1800 for χ <−0 . 985
= 53.3986 Deg

From eqn. 32, Load Parameter

T res

{
3 ( √ 1+r 2 −1 ) for T k 1≥
4
ϕ= = 0.3490
T res
3 ( r sin δ k + cos δ k−1 ) for T k1 <
4

From eqn. 33, The factor ψ, can be calculated as a real solution of the equation,

2 3 2
ϕ ψ +ϕ ( 2+ζ ) ψ + ( 1+2 ζ ) ψ−ζ ( 2+ϕ )=0 0≤ψ ≤1
0.00

ψ = 0.7453

From eqn. 34, the tensile force is given by,

F st ( 1+ ϕψ ) for n= 1 for Single conductor

Ft=
{
1 . 1 F st (1+ ϕψ ) for n≥2 for bundle conductor
= 2772.1832 Kg

Page 10 of 27
 Annexure-1

CASE – 3.
Short Circuit Force Calculations
From eqn. 35, the tensile force after short circuit caused by drop (drop force)

δm
F f =1 .2 F st 1+ 8 ζ
√ 180 0
for r > 0. 6 δ m≥700 = NA
Kg

Horizontal Span Displacement bh and Min. air clearance amin

From Eqn. 36, The elastic expansion is given by,

ε ela=N ( F t −F st ) = 8.9363E-04

From Eqn. 37, The thermal expansion is given by,

} } over {italnA rSub{size8{s} } right]rSup{size8{2} TrSub{size8{ital res} /4matrix{ }# italfor matrix{ }#TrSub{ size8{k1} >=TrSub{size8{ital res} /4{} {} {}# matrix{ }# crSub{size8{ital th} left[{ IrSub{size8{k3} rSup{size8{ 2

{[
εth= cth
Ik3
nAs ] Tk1 for Tk1<Tres/4 ¿
= 1.45828E-04

From Eqn. 38, Factor CD is given by,

2
C D= 1+
√ 3 l
8 bc [ ]( ε ela +ε th ) = 1.1190E+00

From Eqn. 39, Factor CF is given by,

1 . 05 for r≤0 .8
C F = 0 . 97+0 . 1 r
1 . 15 { for 0 .8<r <1. 8
for r ≥1. 8
= 1.05

From Eqn. 41, Maximum Horizontal Displacement within a span with strained conductors is given by,

C F C D bc sin δ 1 for δ m≥δ 1 =

bh =
{ C F C D bc sin δ m for δ m <δ 1
2.0531

From Eqn. 42, the distance between the mid points of the two main conductors during a line-to-line two-phase
short circuit,

a min=a−2 bh = 2.8938E+00

Page 11 of 27
 Annexure-1

CASE – 3.
Short Circuit Force Calculations

Sub-conductor are considered to clash effectively if the clearence as between the mid -points of adjacent sub-
conductors, as well as the distance ls between 2 adjacent spacers fulfil either equation (43) or (44)

a s /d s≤2. 0 and l s≥50 as ( 43 )

a s /d s≤2. 5 and ls ≥70 a s ( 44 )

SUBCONDUCTORS ARE NOT EFFECTIVELY CLASHING

From equation 46, the factor v1 is given by,

( a s −d s ) m'sc

√
1
v 1 =f 0 ¿¿¿ = 4.2760
180 μ0
sin ¿¿
n 2π
The factor as/ds is equal to
= 12.2951

Factor V2 can be given by fig. 8 as function of V1

V2 = 1.5721

Factor V3 can be given by

as

V 3=
ds
as
180
×
√( ds

as
) −1
=
0.2133

From eqn. 45, Short circuit current force

sin
n arctan
√( ds )−1

μ0
F v =( n−1 ) ¿¿ = 7862.0971
2π Kg

From eqn. 47 & 48, Strain factor characterizing the contraction of bundle condoctor

F st l 2 N 2
1800
ε st =1 .5 s

( a s −d s )
2 ( sin
n ) = 0.7313

Fv l 3 N 3
1800
ε pi=0 .375 n
s

( a s −d s ) 3 ( sin
n ) = 2.1267

ε pi
j=
√ 1+ ε st
= 1.1083

If j > 1 : The sub-conductor clash

If j < 1 : The sub-conductors reduce their distances but do not clash

Page 12 of 27
 Annexure-1

CASE – 3.
Short Circuit Force Calculations
SUBCONDUCTORS ARE CLASHING

TENSILE FORCE IN CASE OF CLASHING SUB-CUNDUCTORS

If j ≥ 1, From eqn. 50, the tensile force is given by

ve
F pi = F st ( 1+
ε st
ξ
) = 5514.861767 Kg

From equation (51), ξ is given by the real solution of

3 2
ξ + ε st ξ − ε pi =0
0.00
ξ . = 1.0825800578
From eqn. 52,
1
ve = +¿ ¿ = 1.1872
2
From eqn. 53,
as −d s = 1.13E+01
v 4=
ds

a s −d s
v 4 =η
as −η ( as −d s )
Therefore design force in kg (Maximum of Ft, Ff & Fpi) = 5514.861767 Kg

Page 13 of 27
 Annexure-2
CASE – 1.

CALCULATIONS FOR SAG AND SWING OF STRUNG CONDUCTOR

System Voltage V= 420 kV

1 Basic Wind Speed = Vb = 47.00 m/s

As per IS 802: 1995, basic wind speed is based on gust velocity averaged over a short time interval of 3s.
Wind Zone as per IS: 802, Part 1, Sec 1 4

Risk Coefficient as per Table 2 of IS: 802, Part 1, Sec 1 K1 = 1.07

{For all Zones & for Reliability level 1(Voltage level upto 400kV)} =

Terrain Category 2
Terrain roughness coeficient (For different Terrain Category) = K2 = 1.0000
Factor to convert 3 second peak gust speed into K0 = 1.3750
average speed of wind during 10 minutes period =
Meteorological reference wind speed = Vb/K0 VR = 34.1818 m/s
Design wind speed = VR x K1 x K2 Vd = 36.5745 m/s
Height of conductor above ground 15.3000 metre
Gust Response Factor for conductor Gc = 1.9837
2 Design Wind Pressure =0.6 x Vd 2 /g Pc = 81.8164 kgf/m2

Weight of individual spacer = WSP = 3.0000 kgf

Separation between two spacers = SSP = 6.0000 metre
Weight of sub-conductor per metre= W1 = 2.9100 kgf/m
No. of subconductors - single/twin/tri/quad = r= 2
Diameter of sub-conductor = d= 3.6600 cm
Cross Sectional Area of sub-conductor = A= 7.9487 cm2
Modulus of Elasticity of sub-conductor = ey = 608200.0000 Kg/cm2
Coefficient of Linear Expansion = a= 2.3000E-05 / oC
Maximum Ambient Temperature at site = t1 = 50.0000 oC
o
Minimum Ambient Temperature at site = t2 = 0.0000 C
o
Rise in temperature = t3 = 35.0000 C
Distance between centre line of beams (for conductor span) = la = 100.0000 m
DIameter of disc = di = 0.2800
Nos. of Insulator Strings in one side of conductor span (Single /Double) Ni = 4
Weight of complete string insulator including hardware WiT= 1056.0000
Weight of single string insulator including hardware Wi= 264.0000
Length of insulator string = li = 4.6000 m
Width of beam on which conductor is strung = Bw = 1.5000 m
Tension per SUB-CONDUCTOR under max. wind and min. temp. conditions = Ten1= 1000.0000 Kg
Drag Coefficient Cdc = 1.0000

3 Effect of Ice formation

Radial Thickness of ICE over the conductor Thice= 0.0000 cm

Effective dia of the conductor considering ICE effect = d+2*Th ice D1= 3.6600 cm
Increase in Conducter weight due to effect of Ice formation w3= 0.0000 kg/m

4 Total weight of sub-conductor per phase = Wc = W1+WSP/(r*SSP)+w3 = 3.1452 Kg/m

5 Wind Load on conductor as per IS 802 & IS 5613 = Pcc =

Pc * (d/100) * Cdc * Gc = 5.9401 Kg/m

Page 14 of 27
 Annexure-2
CASE – 1.

6 Clear span of conductor = L = la-(2*li)-lt-Bw = 89.3000 m

7 Loading factor during max wind condition = Q1= √(1+(Pcc/Wc)2) = 2.1371

Loading factor during no wind condition = Q2 = 1.0000

8 SAG CALCULATIONS DUE TO CONDUCTOR

Under minimum temperature and maximum wind condition condition, the sub-
8.1 conductor experiences a stress of f1
f1 = Ten1/A = 125.8071 Kg/cm2

Weight of sub conductor per m per cm2 = S = Wc/A = 0.3957

GB = (S * L * Q2)2 * ey/24 = 3.1640E+07

F = f1 - GB * (Q1/(f1*Q2))2 - a * ey * (t1+t3-t2) = -10192.9819

To solve the following equation:

The working stress F at tempature t1+t3, is given by the cubic equation
f22 * (f2 - F) - GB = 940491268.11

we get f2 = 304.3152 Kg/cm2

8.2 Tension in conductor at maximum temperature and no wind

condition = Ten2 = f2*A = 2418.9041 Kg

Max sag due to conductor = Wc*L² / (8*Ten2) Sc= 1.2961

9 SAG DUE TO INSULATOR

From Fig 1, we get

Tension per insulator string = Ten2* r / Ni Teni1= 1209.4521

Weight of conductor per String Insulator = Wc*r/Ni Wci= 1.5726
U1 = √(li2 + (di/2)2) = 4.6021 m
U2 = √((li/2)² + (di/2)²) = 2.3043 m

δ = Tan-1 [(di/2)/li] = 0.0304

β = Tan-1 [di/li] = 0.0608

Taking moments at 'P'

Teni1 * U1 *Sin(φ + δ) = (Wci * L/2) * U1 * Cos(φ + δ) + Wi * U2 *Cos(φ + β)

Simplifying :

TP1 = (Wci*L/2) * U1 * Cos δ + Wi*U2*Cos β - Teni1*U1*Sin δ = 760.8692

TP2 = Teni1*U1*Cos δ + Wci*(L/2)*U1*Sin δ + Wi*U2*Sin β = 5610.2697

φ = Tan-1(TP1/TP2) = 0.1348

Sag due to Insulator = Si = U1*Sin(φ + d) = 0.7569 m

10 Total maximum sag of moose conductor = Sc+Si = Stot = 2.0530 m

11 Height of conductor above ground 15.3000 m

Height of jack bus/equipment below conductor 8.3000 m
Minimum Phase to phase clearance = 4.0000 m
Total maximum sag of moose conductor = Sc+Si = Stot = 2.0530 m
Therefore, available margin excluding sub-conductor spacing = 0.9470 m

SWING CALCULATIONS
Page 15 of 27
1 SAG DUE TO CONDUCTOR
CASE - 2 ANNEXURE - 2

CASE 2.
SAG TENSION CHART

NAME OF PROJECT:

GENERAL DATA
CONDUCTOR TYPE: TARANTULLA

NAME OF BAY: 0.35

SPAN LENGTH (Centre Lime distance between beams): 100.00 m
MINIMUM STRINGING TEMPERATURE: 10.00 Deg C
TEMPERATURE RANGE FOR DRAWING STRINGING CHART:
MINIMUM: 0.00 °C MAXIMUM: 50.00 °C

WIND PRESSURE ON CONDUCTOR PER M RUN: 0.00 kg/m

CONDUCTOR DATA
OVERALL DIA OF THE CONDUCTOR: 3.660 cm
CROSS SECTIONAL AREA OF CONDUCTOR: 7.949 cm²
WEIGHT OF CONDUCTOR PER METER: 2.910 kgf/m
COEFFICIENT OF LINEAR EXPANSION: 0.00002300 per °C
NO. OF CONDUCTORS PER PHASE: 2
TENSION PER CONDUCTOR UNDER MIN TEMP & MAX WIND CONDITION: 1000.00 kg
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY: 608200.00 kg/cm2

INSULATOR AND TURNBUCKLE DATA

NUMBER OF INSULATOR STRING(S): 4.00

LENGTH OF INSULATOR: 4.600 m
DIAMETER OF INSULATOR: 0.280 m
WEIGHT OF INSULATOR: 264.000 kg

Page 16 of 27
CASE - 2 ANNEXURE - 2

RESULTS

MAXIMUM CLEAR SPAN OF CONDUCTOR: 89.30 m

TENSION PER CONDUCTOR INSLULATOR

S.NO. TEMPERATURE CONDUCTOR SAG SAG TOTAL SAG

1 42 587.17 3.8 1.68 5.48

2 12 624.61 3.57 1.59 5.16

3 14 621.89 3.59 1.6 5.19
4 16 619.21 3.6 1.61 5.21
5 18 616.56 3.62 1.61 5.23
6 20 613.94 3.63 1.62 5.25
7 22 611.36 3.65 1.62 5.27
8 24 608.81 3.66 1.63 5.29
9 26 606.28 3.68 1.64 5.31
10 28 603.79 3.69 1.64 5.33
11 30 601.33 3.71 1.65 5.36
12 32 598.9 3.72 1.65 5.38
13 34 596.5 3.74 1.66 5.4
14 36 594.13 3.75 1.66 5.42
15 38 591.78 3.77 1.67 5.44
16 40 589.46 3.78 1.68 5.46

Page 17 of 27
 Type Al Strands Steel Strands Al Strand Dia St strand dia Cross sec. Diameter Weight Young's Mod. Young's Drag DC Coefficient of
Kg./Cm2 Modulus Coefficient Resistance Linear
(N/sq.m) Expansion
sq.m m kg/km Kg./Cm2
BEAR ACSR 30 7 3.350E-03 3.350E-03 3.2612E-04 2.3450E-02 1.229 7.870E+05 8.02E+10 1 0.1093 0.00001843
BEAVER ACSR 6 1 3.990E-03 3.990E-03 8.7525E-05 1.1970E-02 0.303 8.090E+05 8.25E+10 1 0.3825 0.00001931
BUX ACSR 30 7 4.500E-03 4.500E-03 5.8846E-04 3.1500E-02 2.196 7.870E+05 8.02E+10 1 0.0569 0.00001843
CAT ACSR 6 1 4.500E-03 4.500E-03 1.1133E-04 1.3500E-02 0.385 7.350E+05 7.49E+10 1 0.3007 0.00001931
COYOTO ACSR 26 7 2.540E-03 1.900E-03 1.5159E-04 1.5860E-02 0.521 7.870E+05 8.02E+10 1 0.3035 0.00001954
DEER ACSR 30 7 4.270E-03 4.270E-03 5.2984E-04 2.9890E-02 1.977 7.870E+05 8.02E+10 1 0.0673 0.00001843
DOG ACSR 6 7 4.720E-03 1.570E-03 1.1854E-04 1.4150E-02 0.394 7.350E+05 7.49E+10 1 0.2733 0.00001992
FERRET ACSR 6 1 3.000E-03 3.000E-03 4.9480E-05 9.0000E-03 0.171 8.090E+05 8.25E+10 1 0.6766 0.00001931
FOX ACSR 6 1 2.790E-03 2.790E-03 4.2795E-05 8.3700E-03 0.1489 8.090E+05 8.25E+10 1 0.7822 0.00001931
GOAT ACSR 30 7 3.710E-03 3.710E-03 3.9998E-04 2.5970E-02 1.492 7.870E+05 8.02E+10 1 0.0891 0.00001843
GOPHER ACSR 6 1 2.360E-03 2.360E-03 3.0620E-05 7.0800E-03 0.106 8.090E+05 8.25E+10 1 1.0933 0.00001931
GUINEA ACSR 12 7 2.920E-03 2.920E-03 1.2724E-04 1.4600E-02 0.59 1.055E+06 1.08E+11 1 0.2630 0.00001584
LARK ACSR 30 7 2.920E-03 2.920E-03 2.4777E-04 2.0440E-02 0.922 7.870E+05 8.02E+10 1 0.1350 0.00001843
LEOPARD ACSR 6 7 5.280E-03 1.760E-03 1.4840E-04 1.5840E-02 0.493 7.730E+05 7.88E+10 1 0.2184 0.00001954
LION ACSR 30 7 3.180E-03 3.180E-03 2.9386E-04 2.2260E-02 1.097 7.870E+05 8.02E+10 1 0.1213 0.00001843
LYNX ACSR 30 7 2.790E-03 2.790E-03 2.2620E-04 1.9530E-02 0.844 7.870E+05 8.02E+10 1 0.1576 0.00001843
MINK ACSR 6 1 3.660E-03 3.660E-03 7.3646E-05 1.0980E-02 0.255 8.090E+05 8.25E+10 1 0.4546 0.00001931
MOOSE ACSR 54 7 3.530E-03 3.530E-03 5.9699E-04 3.1770E-02 2.002 6.860E+05 6.99E+10 1 0.0547 0.00001991
OTTER ACSR 6 1 4.220E-03 4.220E-03 9.7907E-05 1.2660E-02 0.339 8.090E+05 8.25E+10 1 0.3419 0.00001931
PANTHER ACSR 30 7 3.000E-03 3.000E-03 2.6154E-04 2.1000E-02 0.976 7.870E+05 8.02E+10 1 0.1363 0.00001843
RABBIT ACSR 6 1 3.350E-03 3.350E-03 6.1699E-05 1.0050E-02 0.214 8.090E+05 8.25E+10 1 0.5426 0.00001931
RACCOON ACSR 6 1 4.090E-03 4.090E-03 9.1968E-05 1.2270E-02 0.318 8.090E+05 8.25E+10 1 0.3640 0.00001931
SHEEP ACSR 30 7 3.990E-03 3.990E-03 4.6263E-04 2.7930E-02 1.726 7.870E+05 8.02E+10 1 0.0770 0.00001843
SPARROW ACSR 6 1 2.670E-03 2.670E-03 3.9193E-05 8.0100E-03 0.135 8.090E+05 8.25E+10 1 0.8540 0.00001931
SQUIRREL ACSR 6 1 2.110E-03 2.110E-03 2.4477E-05 6.3300E-03 0.085 8.090E+05 8.25E+10 1 1.3677 0.00001931
TIGER ACSR 30 7 2.360E-03 2.360E-03 1.6185E-04 1.6520E-02 0.604 7.870E+05 8.02E+10 1 0.2202 0.00001843
WEASSEL ACSR 6 1 2.590E-03 2.590E-03 3.6880E-05 7.7700E-03 0.128 8.090E+05 8.25E+10 1 0.9077 0.00001931
WOLF ACSR 30 7 2.590E-03 2.590E-03 1.9494E-04 1.8130E-02 0.727 7.870E+05 8.02E+10 1 0.1828 0.00001843
ZEBRA ACSR 54 7 3.180E-03 3.180E-03 4.8448E-04 2.8620E-02 1.623 6.860E+05 6.99E+10 1 0.0674 0.00001991
ANT AAC 7 3.100E-03 5.2834E-05 9.3000E-03 0.144 6.187E+05 6.31E+10 1 0.5419 2.3E-05
BLUE BOTTLE AAC 7 3.660E-03 7.3646E-05 1.0950E-02 0.201 6.187E+05 6.31E+10 1 0.3887 2.3E-05
BUTTERFLY AAC 19 4.650E-03 3.2266E-04 2.3250E-02 0.886 6.082E+05 6.20E+10 1 0.0892 2.3E-05
CATTER-PILLAR AAC 19 3.530E-03 1.8595E-04 1.0590E-02 0.511 6.187E+05 6.31E+10 1 0.1547 2.3E-05
CHAFER AAC 19 3.780E-03 2.1322E-04 1.8900E-02 0.586 6.082E+05 6.20E+10 1 0.1349 2.3E-05
CLEGG AAC 7 4.170E-03 9.5600E-05 1.2510E-02 0.261 6.187E+05 6.31E+10 1 0.2995 2.3E-05
COCKROACH AAC 19 4.220E-03 2.6575E-04 2.1100E-02 0.73 6.082E+05 6.20E+10 1 0.1083 2.3E-05
EARWIG AAC 7 3.780E-03 7.8555E-05 1.1340E-02 0.215 6.187E+05 6.31E+10 1 0.3644 2.3E-05
FLY AAC 7 3.400E-03 6.3554E-05 1.0200E-02 0.174 6.187E+05 6.31E+10 1 0.4505 2.3E-05
GRASS HOPPER AAC 7 3.910E-03 8.4051E-05 1.1730E-02 0.23 6.187E+05 6.31E+10 1 0.3406 2.3E-05
IRIS AAC 7 2.480E-03 3.3814E-05 7.4400E-03 0.092 6.187E+05 6.31E+10 1 0.8467 2.3E-05
LADY BIRD AAC 7 2.790E-03 4.2795E-05 8.3700E-03 0.117 6.187E+05 6.31E+10 1 0.669 2.3E-05
LOCUST AAC 19 5.360E-03 4.2872E-04 2.6800E-02 1.176 6.082E+05 6.20E+10 1 0.0671 2.3E-05
MAYBUG AAC 37 4.090E-03 4.8611E-04 2.8630E-02 1.343 5.976E+05 6.09E+10 1 0.0593 2.3E-05
MOTH AAC 19 5.000E-03 3.7306E-04 2.5000E-02 1.025 6.082E+05 6.20E+10 1 0.0771 2.3E-05
PANSY AAC 7 2.780E-03 4.2489E-05 8.3400E-03 0.116 6.187E+05 6.31E+10 1 0.6738 2.3E-05
ROSE AAC 7 1.960E-03 2.1120E-05 5.8800E-03 0.058 6.187E+05 6.31E+10 1 1.3556 2.3E-05
SCORPION AAC 37 4.270E-03 5.2984E-04 2.9890E-02 1.464 5.976E+05 6.09E+10 1 0.0544 2.3E-05
SPIDER AAC 19 3.990E-03 2.3757E-04 1.9950E-02 0.652 6.082E+05 6.20E+10 1 0.1205 2.3E-05
TARANTULLA AAC 37 5.230E-03 7.9487E-04 3.6600E-02 2.91 6.082E+05 6.20E+10 1 0.0363 2.3E-05
WASP AAC 7 4.390E-03 1.0595E-04 1.3170E-02 0.29 6.187E+05 6.31E+10 1 0.2702 2.3E-05
SHIELD WIRE 7/9 SW 7 3.660E-03 7.3646E-05 1.2180E-02 0.583 1933000 1.97E+11 1.2 1.2E-05
SHIELD WIRE 7/8 SW 7 9.0500E-05 1.2180E-02 0.706 1933000 1.97E+11 1.2 1.2E-05
BLANK SW

Creepage Diameter of Weight of Disc Length of

disc insulator x Disc Disc
120 440 0.28 8.3 0.145
xx
SKIN EFFECT TABLE

Sl No. X K
1 0.00 1.00000
2 0.10 1.00000
3 0.20 1.00001
4 0.30 1.00004
5 0.40 1.00013
6 0.50 1.00032
7 0.60 1.00067
8 0.70 1.00124
9 0.80 1.00212
10 0.90 1.00340
11 1.00 1.00519
12 1.10 1.00758
13 1.20 1.01071
14 1.30 1.01470
15 1.40 1.01969
16 1.50 1.02582
17 1.60 1.03323
18 1.70 1.04205
19 1.80 1.05240
20 1.90 1.06440
21 2.00 1.07816
22 2.10 1.09375
23 2.20 1.11126
24 2.30 1.13069
25 2.40 1.15207
26 2.50 1.17538
27 2.60 1.20056
28 2.70 1.22753
29 2.80 1.25620
30 2.90 1.28644
31 3.00 1.31809
32 3.10 1.35102
33 3.20 1.38504
34 3.30 1.41999
35 3.40 1.45570
36 3.50 1.49202
37 3.60 1.52879
38 3.70 1.56587
39 3.80 1.60314
40 3.90 1.64051

Source : Electrical Transmission & Distribution Reference book by Central Station Engineers of Westinghouse Elec
Source : Bureau of Standards Bulletin No. 169 on pages 226-8
Source : TNEB HANDBOOK
Engineers of Westinghouse Electric Corporation
Doc. No. : YN1H300126-403, Rev. A

n
f 50 Hz as
k 1.81 As per IEC-909 ds
k 1.81 as/ds
1/ t 22.557720876 ds/as
t 0.0443307196
g 1.4990796579 Sqrt((as/ds)-1)

fTpi 3.4103692621 v3

2pfTpi 21.417118966
ft 2.2165359823 h

e st
e pi
v1 4.276003 ya
v2 1.572075 a s v3
2*ya/as
A 0.0230400592
sqrt[(1-2*ya/as)/2*ya/as]
B 0.6168024783 asw

C 0.2851491873 fh

D 0.3129163279

E 0.0409238672

F 0.2147150177

G 0

V2 1 - A + B - C*[( D + E)*F + G ]

1.5720982655

-0.00002

533889581.xls Page 22 of 27
Doc. No. : YN1H300126-403, Rev. A

2
0.45
3.66E-02
12.295081967
0.0813333333

3.3608156699

0.2132866076

0.6291488471

7.31E-01
2.13E+00
9.50E-02
0.0959789734
0.4220219258

1.170275665
0.2878319318

0.3334549187

-6.49E-06

533889581.xls Page 23 of 27
 Annexure-2
CASE –

CALCULATIONS FOR SAG AND SWING OF STRUNG CONDUCTOR

System Voltage V= 420 kV

1 Basic Wind Speed = Vb = 0.00 m/s

As per IS 802: 1995, basic wind speed is based on gust velocity averaged over a short time interval of 3s.
Wind Zone as per IS: 802, Part 1, Sec 1 1

Risk Coefficient as per Table 2 of IS: 802, Part 1, Sec 1 K1 = 1.07

{For all Zones & for Reliability level 1(Voltage level upto 400kV)} =

Terrain Category 2
Terrain roughness coeficient (For different Terrain Category) = K2 = 1.0000
Factor to convert 3 second peak gust speed into K0 = 1.3750
average speed of wind during 10 minutes period =
Meteorological reference wind speed = Vb/K0 VR = 0.0000 m/s
Design wind speed = VR x K1 x K2 Vd = 0.0000 m/s
Height of conductor above ground 15.3000 metre
Gust Response Factor for conductor Gc = 1.9837
2 Design Wind Pressure =0.6 x Vd 2 /g Pc = 0.0000 kgf/m2

Weight of individual spacer = WSP = 3.0000 kgf

Separation between two spacers = SSP = 6.0000 metre
Weight of sub-conductor per metre= W1 = 2.9100 kgf/m
No. of subconductors - single/twin/tri/quad = r= 2
Diameter of sub-conductor = d= 3.6600 cm
Cross Sectional Area of sub-conductor = A= 7.9487 cm2
Modulus of Elasticity of sub-conductor = ey = 608200.0000 Kg/cm2
Coefficient of Linear Expansion = a= 2.3000E-05 / oC
Maximum Ambient Temperature at site = t1 = 40.0000 oC
o
Minimum Ambient Temperature at site = t2 = 0.0000 C
o
Rise in temperature = t3 = 0.0000 C
Distance between centre line of beams (for conductor span) = la = 100.0000 m
DIameter of disc = di = 0.2800
Nos. of Insulator Strings in one side of conductor span (Single /Double) Ni = 4
Weight of complete string insulator including hardware WiT= 1056.0000
Weight of single string insulator including hardware Wi= 264.0000
Length of insulator string = li = 4.6000 m
Width of beam on which conductor is strung = Bw = 1.5000 m
Tension per SUB-CONDUCTOR under max. wind and min. temp. conditions = Ten1= 1000.0000 Kg
Drag Coefficient Cdc = 1.0000

3 Effect of Ice formation

Radial Thickness of ICE over the conductor Thice= 0.0000 cm

Effective dia of the conductor considering ICE effect = d+2*Th ice D1= 3.6600 cm
Increase in Conducter weight due to effect of Ice formation w3= 0.0000 kg/m

4 Total weight of sub-conductor per phase = Wc = W1+WSP/(r*SSP)+w3 = 3.1452 Kg/m

5 Wind Load on conductor as per IS 802 & IS 5613 = Pcc =

Pc * (d/100) * Cdc * Gc = 0.0000 Kg/m

Page 24 of 27
 Annexure-2
CASE –

6 Clear span of conductor = L = la-(2*li)-lt-Bw = 89.3000 m

7 Loading factor during max wind condition = Q1= √(1+(Pcc/Wc)2) = 1.0000

Loading factor during no wind condition = Q2 = 1.0000

8 SAG CALCULATIONS DUE TO CONDUCTOR

Under minimum temperature and maximum wind condition condition, the sub-
8.1 conductor experiences a stress of f1
f1 = Ten1/A = 125.8071 Kg/cm2

Weight of sub conductor per m per cm2 = S = Wc/A = 0.3957

GB = (S * L * Q2)2 * ey/24 = 3.1640E+07

F = f1 - GB * (Q1/(f1*Q2))2 - a * ey * (t1+t3-t2) = -2432.7896

To solve the following equation:

The working stress F at tempature t1+t3, is given by the cubic equation
f22 * (f2 - F) - GB = 6319246.35

we get f2 = 121.8959 Kg/cm2

8.2 Tension in conductor at maximum temperature and no wind

condition = Ten2 = f2*A = 968.9115 Kg

Max sag due to conductor = Wc*L² / (8*Ten2) Sc= 3.2357

9 SAG DUE TO INSULATOR

From Fig 1, we get

Tension per insulator string = Ten2* r / Ni Teni1= 484.4558

Weight of conductor per String Insulator = Wc*r/Ni Wci= 1.5726
U1 = √(li2 + (di/2)2) = 4.6021 m
U2 = √((li/2)² + (di/2)²) = 2.3043 m

δ = Tan-1 [(di/2)/li] = 0.0304

β = Tan-1 [di/li] = 0.0608

Taking moments at 'P'

Teni1 * U1 *Sin(φ + δ) = (Wci * L/2) * U1 * Cos(φ + δ) + Wi * U2 *Cos(φ + β)

Simplifying :

TP1 = (Wci*L/2) * U1 * Cos δ + Wi*U2*Cos β - Teni1*U1*Sin δ = 862.3686

TP2 = Teni1*U1*Cos δ + Wci*(L/2)*U1*Sin δ + Wi*U2*Sin β = 2275.2868

φ = Tan-1(TP1/TP2) = 0.3623

Sag due to Insulator = Si = U1*Sin(φ + d) = 1.7612 m

10 Total maximum sag of moose conductor = Sc+Si = Stot = 4.9969 m

11 Height of conductor above ground 15.3000 m

Height of jack bus/equipment below conductor 8.3000 m
Minimum Phase to phase clearance = 4.0000 m
Total maximum sag of moose conductor = Sc+Si = Stot = 4.9969 m
Therefore, available margin excluding sub-conductor spacing = -1.9969 m

Page 25 of 27
 Annexure-2
CASE –

SWING CALCULATIONS

1 SAG DUE TO CONDUCTOR

(under maximum temperature rise in temperature and maximum wind conditions):
SGB = (Q1 * S *L)2 * ey/24 = 3.1640E+07

###
2
SF = (f1-SGB/f1 ) - a*ey*(t1+t3-t2) = -2432.7896

To solve the following equation:

f212 * (f21 - SF) - SGB = 93728283.38

we get f21 = 217.4941 Kg/cm2

Tension in conductor at maximum temperature and maximum wind

condition = Ten21 = f21*A= 1728.7905 Kg

SAG due to conductor = Sc1 = Wc*L2/(8*Ten21) = 1.8135 m

2 SAG DUE TO INSULATOR

Page 26 of 27
 Annexure-2
CASE –
From Fig 1, we get

Teni2 = Ten21*r/Ni 864.3952

U1 = √(li2 + (di/2)2) = 4.6021 m

U2 = √((li/2)2 + (di/2)2) = 2.3043 m

δ = Tan-1 [(di/2)/li] = 0.0304

β = Tan-1 [di/li] = 0.0608

Taking moments at 'P'

TenI2 * U1 * Sin(φ + δ) = (WcI*L/2) * U1 * Cos(φ+ δ) + Wi * U2 *Cos(φ+ β)

Simplifying :

TP1 = (WcI*L/2) * U1 * Cos δ + Wi*U2*Cos β - TenI2*U1*Sin δ = 809.1771

TP2 = TenI2*U1*Cos δ + Wc*(L/2)*U1*Sin δ + Wi*U2*Sin β = 4023.0083

φ = Tan-1(TP1/TP2) = 0.1985

SAG due to Insulator = Si1 = U1*Sin(φ + δ) = 1.0443

3 SWING DUE TO CONDUCTOR (SWC)

Wind load acting on span = Pcc * L*r = 0.0000 Kg

Weight of conductor = Wc * L *r= 561.7260 Kg

From Fig 3:
Tan Y1 = (r*Pcc * L/r*Wc * L) = 0.0000

Y1 = Tan-1 (Pcc/Wc) = 0.0000

Page 27 of 27