RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Design

The main purpose of this study was to determine if students’ reading

engagement and comprehension of electronic books with an e-Reader differed

from their reading of a traditional paper text in Sacred Heart Learning and

Formation Center, Grade 3 pupils during the school year 2021-2022. To achieve

this purpose, the researcher will make use of experimental method with the aid of

a researcher’s questionnaire in which it measures the effectiveness on the two

dependent variables (e-Reader App and traditional printed text). The researcher

personally distributed the instruments to the respondents after getting the

concurrence from the expert wherein the target population were given

opportunity to be part of the study. The respondents were clearly instructed on

what to do, being informed about the importance of the questionnaires

dissipation for them to be guided and also they were given enough time to

answer the questionnaire. All of the given questionnaires were collected by the

researcher after the participants accomplished to answer the items. It was

regained and date were systematized and analysed through figures and tables.

Data collected will be converted to percentage and will be presented in a tabular

and graphical form for simple interpretation.

Environment and Participants

The Sacred Heart Learning and Formation Center is the locale of the

study. It is situated at Barangay Poblacion, Ubay, Bohol.

 The study was participated by the pupils from one section of Grade III,

class 2021-2022. They were composed of 12 females and 6 males. The

researcher chose this class as the respondents because the strategy to be used

is appropriate to their mental capacity and also the level of the complexity of the

questions are suitable to the competency level of the pupils.

Instruments

In collecting the data, the researcher utilized the researcher’s

questionnaire as the instrument. The researcher constructed questions based on

the story that was chosen. The questionnaire consisted of 30-items test.

To validate the test questionnaire, the researcher referred to the thesis

adviser for corrections and revisions. After that, pilot testing was conducted to the

Grade IV pupils of Sacred Heart Learning and Formation Center. After the data

was gathered and checked, the researcher did an item analysis to clarify whether

the test items are acceptable and valid. After the validation of test questions, 25

items were retained on which 15 items were multiple choice and 10 items were

sequencing of events through the use of pictures.

Data Gathering Procedures

The researcher asked permission from the Campus Director and Dean of

College of Advance Studies to conduct a study outside the campus, then to the

District Supervisor and School Principal to conduct the study in Sacred Heart

Learning and Formation Center. After this, the researcher asked also permission

from the parents of each participant and the class advisers of Grades III and IV.
In the letter, the purpose of the study was explained with the request for the

approval to conduct the study. All supplies were provided by the researcher with

the exception of the smartphones which belonged to the participant. The

participants were introduced to the project, and verbal assent was obtained from

the students.

The researcher presented a story to the pupils. They were divided into two

groups. Experimental group is for E-reader book application where the

researcher let the pupils read the story while using some features like recordings

of the text read-aloud, lively animations, and various sound effects. Control group

is for Traditional Printed Text in which they read the story on their own for forty

five (45) minutes. It took two sessions in conducting the study. The first session

is for presenting the story using both strategies and in the following day is for the

evaluation activity.

The researcher conducted the test after a day of discussion to the

respondents. The questionnaire is in a form of test. This determined the pupils’

reading comprehension and engagement level. The test contained twenty five

(25) items answerable for one hour within a day.

Statistical Treatment

To determine the story comprehension level of the Grade III pupils, the

arithmetic was used with the formula below.

Type equation here .

Where: - arithmetic mean

- Summation of the scores of the respondents

- Number of cases

The result of the computed arithmetic mean will be interpreted according

to the following scale.

Numerical Value Interpretation

21-25 Excellent

16-20 Very Satisfactory

10-15 Satisfactory

5-9 Fair

0-4 Poor

To determine the significant difference in the comprehension level of

Grade III pupils, the researcher used the z- test formula.

 DEFINITION OF TERMS

It is important to clarify first terminology that will be utilized throughout the

research study in order to avoid doubts and confusions in the interpretation of

data. The following terms are operationally defined to facilitate a clear

understanding of the study:

E-Reader Book Application. This is a group of text in a digital format that can

be read and displayed on a computer screen. It can be accessed in a myriad of

different ways including the internet, on a many of the portable e-book readers

available on the market.

Traditional Printed Text. It is reading passages presented in paper format.

Electronic Books (ebooks). A book that has been release in electronic form

and can be downloaded via the internet to any electric device that read it. The

Epic e-reader application was used to read the electronic book passages in this

study.

Electronic readers (E-readers). It is a handheld device (smartphones, tablets or

computers) on which electronic versions of books that can be read.

Comprehension. The ability to read and listen to text, processes it, and

understands its meaning.

Reading engagement. It is where students are motivated to discover information

and read stories that help them and achieve.

Pupils. Refers to a child ages 8-10 years old enrolled in a private school in the

Ubay District.