SCH3U8G-b

Unit 1, Activity 7

14 July 2021

Polyatomic Ions

A group of ions that has a charge

Salt & Hydrates

● Chemical Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds (Salts) Containing Polyatomic

Compounds

○ When forming compounds involving polyatomic ions, suffix (ending) does not

change to -ide

○ Polyatomic ions could be with multivalent metals (require roman numerals

with for charge metals)

○ Place brackets around the polyatomic ion if necessary

● E.g

○ Sodium salts derived from the nitrate ion (NO3-)

■ NaNo- Sodium hyponitrite

■ NaNO2- Sodium nitrite

■ NaNO3 - Sodium nitrate

■ NaNO4 - Sodium pernitrate

Chemical Nomenclature of Hydrates

● Hydrates are ionic compounds that have water included in their structure

○ To name- name of the ionic compound

1
 ○ Then word hydrate with prefix (indidicate # of water molecules)

● Example
○ CuSO4 • 5H2O - Copper (II) Sulfate pentahydrate
○ NiCl2 • 6H2O - Nickel (II) chloride hexahydrate

Oxyacids

● Acids that contain hydrogen, non-metal & oxygen

● Eah contain polyatomic ion bonded with hydrogen ion

○ (polyatomic ion) are non-metallic

○ Usually have negative charge

○ E.g ClO3-, PO43-, SO42-

Table shows “Main” oxyacids

Acid Name Formula Cations Anions

chloric acid HClO3 H+ ClO3-

iodic acid HIO3 H+ IO3-

bromic acid HBrO3 H+ BrO3-

nitric acid HNO3 H+ NO3-

carbonic acid H2CO3 2H+ CO32-

2
 sulphuric acid H2SO4 2H+ SO42-

phosphoric acid H3PO4 3H+ PO43-

The Derivative Oxyacids

Derivative oxyacids are oxyacids that have a different number of oxygen atoms

than the main oxyacids

● Derived from polyatomic ions named based on polyatomic atoms that are

included

○ If one oxygen atom is removed, (ending) suffix change from “ic) to

“ous”

○ Two oxygen atoms are removed, change from “ic” to ous and prefix

with “hypo”

○ If one oxygen atoms are added, the prefix (beginning) “per” is added

Ion name Hypo____ite _________ite ________ate Per_____ate

Relative # of oxygens -2 -1 Base +1

Example ClO- ClO2- ClO3- ClO4-

Hypochlorite Chlorite Chlorate Perchlorate

Oxyacid (when Hypochlorous Chlorous acid Chloric acid Perchloric
combined with acid acid
hydrogen)