qsSignmeni

LDeEine dalaCommunicallion.slate ils

chaxacteaishics
Dalc communi.cal.ion he exchcinge cf cdata
betueen a sounce and destinction cvey Some
kinol a hans.mission meciumSuch CcoG-aKi
aL Cable OxdLY
chaaclevishics-De livuexy
AccuxCLc
Timeliness
A list the made of daia ihansmisaion
Data 1 ansmisSion

Danalle Seuia
onsmission ransmiSSion

Sunchronus Asunchxorcu
3 Dotine
a Signalling Yale
Cii Yale
Bi Int exveL
Bid raie is alsocalledas Signolling 2cte
and is clofine as lhe humbe Ot bits uhich
Canbe 11ansmttedIn CSeconcl
b) eii Raie numbex o bit tansmitt-ed
in oneSecond (bps)
 OATS

C Baud aale
the Unile of Signalinc Speec Oy modaloi.
aale Ox the a l e ol Symbol 17anSmise
Tindicales 1he 2ale at hich.a Siano
leue Change Ouex qqiven fpexiodof fi
liscifferent upes of lopoloqy
Cus opalogy
mesh topology
lopology
Stax topalogy
hee opology
Hubud topalo
5StaBe the need o Computey netwak
Oox Shanunq the resoUY Ce Such as pLLDi1s
OmonC all he USPYS
O Tor Shoning Ot ex persIV Soltware and
daiabase
Toacidite Communicaiion
Compufey to Ahe othey rom one
oxeclucctiona Ppcse
oYSheaning ot intoxmotion ove the
gecoophicclly ide arec.
GSlaie aduania.ces of
>0Shainq Inioxmation Computey vetoo
Notuwoyk dllowS the Osey o
Stoxed On then'S access the
access the coid
I S possible l o Computeys.
Oyex Osey
bd oi10toxmgtlon.cuith thetoothey
veU5hio
Shaxe
Oye he hettwoyk.
 Shaang ReSouxCe
Netucaks Can allduw S0seYS to shaxe Vaio
uS iyp0s of edoun.cesLue can bxaadl
CalegcISC lhe shaYed escu.ces.asLollS
O Shaed handuuax.e esoux.ce
O Shaed Coftuichye ecuYCe

Taciliiaiing ceniaalized marcigement

The computey hetwwoyklacililate Cenhalizec
heluosk manaLoemenicuith eSpeclo follawingz
Olanaqement ofSoffuoe
lcuiniencn.ce of hefcuaxk
keepinq the_clala beuck up
4 Cenira hetwonk secuty

Poduce cos
many popula uenSion o Saftacnes usable
o the entine netuwnk ae nouu Qvailable c
a considyably educed Cos1S Qs Comparedfa
individua liensed coQes.
Compayo Seio qne ana llo 1datq iansmiasinn
Dcrrameie y 901ia
ainsmi9Sio n hansmi9Sicn
Ono oi iTeS
Yequiyed io tan- N OIYS uiyes
Sonui g biis

Do of bii ans- bii Lbt

mtho Simullanusly
6Speed ct clata iors ify Fas Slow
 DATE

CoS ighey clue to

moxe numbey
ouSinte.an
one uY is
of canducloys Used

application Shoxt dislance Lonq Distance

Commun.Cation Computey lo
Such d9 Comp Compuley
utex CLS Com Communication
putex o punt
CommuniCctiOn l

Conmpan e LAN LWAN, MANN

panameiey LAIV AN AN
OOlwnexShip pvivate Y iVcute Ov privatte o
o netwoxk public public

Ge0qmaphicC Small vexy laxge modexate

a l Qed
COvexd

Design Easy Nol easy Not edsy-

maunt engnce

Communic-Coaxial PSTN Ov Ccaxic

ation Cable 31ate llde CablesIN
medium links Optical Fbe
CCbles
unelesS
 DATE

Dhauw block Schemcuhic of slax and ing

opaloq Slculeheiy aduant.aqes anddsad
NanlageS
Shax opalacY
Node O 1

Hub

aduanidaps
O is lasu to add pu CompLte toc Stave
netucNk uthoui dislunbinq ihe Yest ofthe
ne
tuwoxk
The SBav he tuwatk is easy toinstal mai
nialn
The falt oicqoncsiS 15 eiSy
Dis aduan iaqes
I Hhe cenhal hub lauls, lhe cuhole netaa
als Opeaat.
The Cabling Ccst is moe Since Cable must be
pulled rom allCompu ieyS to the cenkal hub.
Node o

inq opalogy
Diveclen
 OATE

Aduantaiges
qe1S.Cin
equcLaccess cCes5 to ihu
0EveY Computey
loken
he aye no standin.c waue pxoduced
82 is veyyectsu 1o
Yecontiguy inslal
bus Undey bet heduy
4Ringq peloxm betey 1hah
netwoxk locid

Disaduantaqes
ailu ot Compu tey On the YLq Can
a tectthe hale neiwoyk
I s dilficult lo iouble shooi the ing
topology
Rinq j smox dIlicalt lo Contique fthan
Stay
(6DeSCibe 09unchonous data 1angmisSion
and Siale s applicCtions
he 0Sunc hyonaus hansmisSion isthe fup
ot Seial datc hansmiSSion: I which the
tiansmitteycan beqin he has misSion Ot
data butes di any insBantof ime
enlyone byle 1S Senl ot g time atiey
one bie the next by e Caun be Sending
an anbi1oyy tume delay sent aftey-
The 1aansmi1te and
at diieen1 clcck neceLev CCIn apeYdEE
equencies theeis no-
SAnchnonization betuween them on thS QICcu
As the data 1anS
an y inS
mS51on ca commence gl
fun1 it become
ye 1o UndesBand the ditticul1 fox the aec ece

instani at chich the

 PAGE No

DATE

bule hgs been arsmitec

To help the yeceive to receie the datd byfes
glat&Slop bits ae Osed alonq ith edch
dotabjte aslig The slavi bilis aluays o
and siop bt IS aluaus
Slas1 ShoP
o Ocle be dle ime o Date byteIdeo

he idle ime in between the adiaceni datg

bules is noi Conslant The idle time is aso coalled
asihe gaps b@tuween the data byles
Inthe CSunchmunous Yansmission the timing
Of tho Signal is hof impoxtant 1nsieqd ntoxmati
-n is eceived and ranskied by the patlens
&hich cheageed pon by the sende Teeiuey

Opplicafion-
The Connection of q keuhadhd o d anpufey
iSan example of aSunchxGnus unsmssion