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‫م‪.‬قائد احلبيشي‬
Design of reinforced concrete slabs ‫ قائد الحبيشي‬:‫إعداد المهندس االستشاري‬

SOLID SLABS
Example:
Lx =4.5 m
Ly =4.5 m
Strength of concrete fcu = 25 N/mm2
Strength of steel fy = 250 N/mm2

* Slab Design:

Considering the set of slabs given on the fig below , slab S short span= 4500 mm.
with the following conditions:
1- Two adjacent edges discontinuous.
2- maximum short span of 4500 mm

Now according to B.S.8110:Part 1 the depth of slab can be found based in Serviceability
criteria by limiting the ratio of ratio less than 26 and since the deflection
is influenced by the amount of tension reinforcement and it’s service stress and so the
basic ratio is modified by :

Since the Basic ratio = 26 ,

1
Design of reinforced concrete slabs ‫ قائد الحبيشي‬:‫إعداد المهندس االستشاري‬

477 - fs
M .F.T = 0.55 + m )
120(0.9 + bd 2

Ast req. Ast req.

2
 1 so with f y  250 N/ mm  fs = 167 N/ mm
2 2
fs = 3 fy assume initially that
Ast prov. Ast prov.

M
limiting the value of 2
between 0.5  2
bd
finally assume M.F.T.=1.7
4500
dmin . =  101.8 mm
26 x1.7
h = d + cover + Φ2  h =101.8  20  102  126.8
assume h as 140 mm
 d=140  20  102  115 mm at outer layer
for inner layer d = 140  20  102  10  105 mm

* Summary of preliminary design :

Thickness of solid slab =140mm

* Preparation of data required in the final design :

Finishing materials used for regular room panels
- 75 mm sand layer
- 20 mm cement mortar
- 10 mm marble tiles
- 15 mm underside plastering

Characteristic strength of concrete fcu = 25 N/mm2

Characteristic strength of steel fy = 250 N/mm2

Live Loads:
L.L . = 4 kN/mm2

2
Design of reinforced concrete slabs ‫ قائد الحبيشي‬:‫إعداد المهندس االستشاري‬

*FINAL DESIGN OF SOLID SLABS:

Computation of loads slabs:
Dead load due to :
Self weight of slab : 0.14 x 24 = 3.36 KN/mm2
- Finishing:
- 75 mm sand layer : 0.075 x 17.5 = 1.31 kN/mm2
- 20 mm cement mortar : 0.020 x 16.5 = 0.33 kN /mm2
- 10 mm marble tiles : 0.010 x 27.5 = 0.28 kN /mm2
- 15 mm underside plastering : 0.015 x 16.5 = 0.25 kN /mm2
- Total dead load = 5.53 kN /mm2
Characteristic live load = 4 kN /mm2

Design load n =1.4 Gk + 1.6 Qk

= ( 1.4x 5.53 ) + ( 1.6 x 4 ) = 14.14 kN /mm2

Two-way solid slab design example S1 critical slab :

Design load = 14.14 kN /mm2
Bending moment coefficients for two adjacent edges discontinuous ,with the ratio of
Ly 6.1
= = 1.36
LX 4.5
Short Span Coefficients βsx
Coefficient of Negative moment at continuous edge = 0.071
Coefficient of Positive moment at mid-span = 0.054
Long span coefficients βsy
Coefficient of Negative moment at continuous edge = 0.045
Coefficient of Positive moment at mid-span = 0.034
* Bending moments
Msx =βsx x n x Lx2
Msy =βsy x n x Lx2
Short span
Negative moment at continuous edge = 0.071 x 14.14 x 4.52 = 20.46 KN.m/m width
Positive moment at mid-span = 0.051 x 14.14 x 4.52 = 15.35 KN.m/m width
Long span
Negative moment at continuous edge = 0.045 x 14.14 x 4.52 = 12.98 KN.m/m width
Positive moment at mid-span = 0.034 x 14.14 x 4.52 = 9.37 KN.m/m width

3
Design of reinforced concrete slabs ‫ قائد الحبيشي‬:‫إعداد المهندس االستشاري‬

* Design of steel reinforcement :

- Short direction :

- Mid-span:
design moment Msx = 15.35 KN.m/m width
M 15.35×106
K = = = 0.046 < 0.156
fcu bd 2 25×1000×115 2
  k    0.046  
Z=d 0.5+  0.25-   = 115  0.5+  0.25-   = 108.7mm
  0.9     0.9  
  
< 0.95d = 0.95×115 = 109.25mm
M 15.35×106
Astreq.= = = 594.31 mm 2 /m
0.95fy×Z 0.95×250×108.7
0.24bh 0.24×1000×140
Astmin.= = = 336 mm 2 /m
100 100
Provide 10mm diameter bars at 100mm centers to give an area of 785 mm 2 /m

Check the the critical slab for deflection purposes :

477 - fs
M.F.T = 0.55+ m )
120(0.9+
bd 2
M 15.35 x 106
= =1.16
1000x1152
2
bd
Astreq. 594.31
fs = 23 fy ⇒fs = 2 x250
3
=126.18N/mm 2
Astprov. 785

477 - 126.18
M.F.T=0.55+ =1.97
120(0.9+1.16)
4500
∴ d min.= = 87.86 mm
26x1.97
∴ the slab is controlled w. r. to deflection

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Design of reinforced concrete slabs ‫ قائد الحبيشي‬:‫إعداد المهندس االستشاري‬

- At continuous support
design moment Msx = -20.46 KN.m/m width

20.46×106
K = = 0.062 < 0.156
25×1000×115 2
  0.062  
Z = 115 0.5+  0.25-   = 106.5mm
  0.9  

< 0.95d = 0.95×115 = 109.25mm
20.46×106
Astreq.= = 809.31 mm 2 /m
0.95×250×106.5
Astmin.= 336 mm 2 /m
Provide 10mm diameter bars at 75mm centers to give an area of 1050 mm 2 /m

- Long direction :
- Mid-span:
design moment Msy = 9.73 kN.m/m width
m 9.73×106
K = = = 0.035 < 0.156
fcu bd 2 25×1000×105 2
  0.035  
Z = 105 0.5+  0.25-   = 99.8 mm
  0.9  

< 0.95d = 0.95×115 = 109.25mm
9.73×106
Astreq.= = 410.5 mm 2 /m
0.95×250×99.8
0.24bh 0.24×1000×140
Astmin.= = = 336 mm 2 /m
100 100
Provide 10mm diameter bars at 150mm centers to give an area of 524 mm 2 /m

5
Design of reinforced concrete slabs ‫ قائد الحبيشي‬:‫إعداد المهندس االستشاري‬

- At continuous support:

design moment Msy = -12.98 KN.m/m width

12.98×106
K = = 0.039 < 0.156
25×1000×115 2
  0.039  
Z = 115 0.5+  0.25-   = 109.78mm
0.9  
  
< 0.95d = 0.95×115 = 109.25mm
12.98×106
Astreq.= = 500.1 mm 2 /m
0.95×250×109.25
Astmin.= 336 mm 2 /m
Provide 10mm diameter bars at 150mm centers to give an area of 524 mm 2 /m

* Shear force and shear resistance :

Under normal loads shear stresses are not critical and shear
reinforcement is not required. Shear reinforcement is provided in heavily loaded thick
slabs but should not be used in slabs less than 200 mm thick. The shear resistance is
checked in accordance with BS8110: Part 1, section 3.5.5

Shear force coefficients βvx and βvy for various support cases for continuous slabs are
given in Table 3.16 of the code. The design loads on supporting beams per unit width
are given by:

Vsx=βvxnlx
Vsy=βvynlx.

The maximum shear force = 0.51 x 14.14 x 4.5 = 32.45 kN

Maximum shear stress =

V 32.45 x10 3
= = 0.28N/mm 2
bd 1000 x115
1 1 1 1 1 1
 100 x Ast  3  400  4  f  3  100 x 1047  3  400  4  25  3
   /1.25=0.79     /1.25= 0.836 N/mm
2
vc =0.79   
cu
 
 bd   d   25   1000 x 115   115   25 
∴ 0.5v c > v
∴ the slab is safe w. r. to shear

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Design of reinforced concrete slabs ‫ قائد الحبيشي‬:‫إعداد المهندس االستشاري‬

* Crack Control

To control cracking in slabs, maximum values for clear spacing between

bars are set out in BS8110: Part 1, clause 3.12.11.2.7. The clause states that in no case
should the clear spacing exceed the lesser of three times the effective depth or 750 mm.
No further check is needed for slabs in normal cases:

1. if grade 250 steel is used and the slab depth is not greater than 250 mm or
2. if grade 460 is used and the slab depth is not greater than 200 mm or
3. if the amount of steel, 100As/bd, is less than 0.3%

Since Max. spacing is 200mm & 3d = 3 x 115 =345 mm & all the above conditions are
met in our case so, the cracks are controlled

* Torsion

Torsion reinforcement is to be provided at corners where the slab is simply

supported on both edges meeting at the corners. Corners X and Y require torsion
reinforcement. This is to consist of a top and bottom mesh with bars parallel to the sides
of the slab and extending from the edges a distance of one-fifth of the shorter span. The
area of bars in each of the four layers should be, at X, three-quarters of the area of bars
required for the maximum mid-span moment and, at Y, one-half of the area of the bars
required at corner X. No torsion reinforcement is required at the internal corners

a) Corner X the area of steel (Astrqu.) = 0.75* Ast at mid-span

b) Corner Y the area of steel (Astrqu.) = 0.50* Ast at (x)
c) Corner Z no need for area of steel.