1 - Tenses

Tes Bahasa Inggris
TENSES
Irene Ivanka “Concept is the key
to everything.”
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Garis Besar Materi (Mind Map)
Tenses
Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous
Simple Present Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect-Continuous
Simple Past Past Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect-Continuous
Simple Future Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect-Continuous

Penting Untuk Diingat: Auxiliary
Am/are/is was/were Do/does/did Have/has/had
Present Past Present Past Present Past
I Am Was Do Have
You
We
They Are Were Do Have
Plural Subject Did Had
She
He
Is Was Does Has
It
Singular Subject

Pemahaman Konsep
TENSES PAST PRESENT FUTURE
SIMPLE I ate a cake I eat a cake I will eat a cake
CONTINUOUS I was eating a cake I am eating a cake I will be eating a cake
PERFECT I had eaten a cake I have eaten a cake I will have eaten a cake
PERFECT-
I had been eating a cake I have been eating a cake I will have been eating a cake
CONTINUOUS

Penggunaan Tiap-tiap Tenses
Simple Present
TO BE VERBS Menyatakan fakta umum

+ Penjelasan
S + is/am/are Materi
+ adj S + Verb 1 The sun rises from the east.
Human is emotional.
- S + am not/isn’t/aren’t + S + Don’t/Doesn’t + V-Inf
adj Kebiasaan/habits
? Am/is/are + S + adj Do/does + S + V-Inf? I go to school everyday.
TO BE VERBS
She goes to supermarket every Tuesday.
+ You are beautiful I eat a cake Kejadian di masa depan setelah “when”, “Until”
- You are not beautiful I don’t eat a cake I won’t go out until the coronavirus stops spreading.
? Are you beautiful? Do you eat a cake? Situasi permanen
My father works in a bank.
Time Signal
Memberitahukan arah/instruksi
Every day, every minute/hour/day/week/month/year,
Sometimes, always, often, usually, until, once/twice a day. First of all, you open the bag and put your books.

Simple Past
TO BE VERBS Menyatakan kejadian di masa lalu

+ Penjelasan
S + was/were Materi
+ adj S + Verb 2 I saw a ghost last week.
I didn’t see a ghost yesterday.
- S + wasn’t/weren’t + adj S + Didn’t + V-Inf
? Was/were + S + adj? Did + S + V-Inf?

Rangkaian kegiatan yang sudah selesai
Yesterday, I finished work, took a bath, and watched Netflix.
Yesterday, I didn’t finish work, and didn’t take a bath.
TO BE VERBS
+ You were beautiful I ate a cake Menceritakan kebiasaan/habits di masa lalu
- You were not beautiful I didn’t eat a cake When I was a kid, I watched Upin Ipin Movie every day.
? Were you beautiful? Did you eat a cake? Digunakan untuk stative verb (have/has, think, know, like,
need, believe, owe, understand, wish)
Time Signal
Yesterday, the day before yesterday, last Monday, I had a Nokia phone when I was young.
Last week/month/year, an hour ago, 2 hours ago, in 2010. I thought you were kind.

Simple Future
TO BE VERBS Menyatakan kejadian yang akan terjadi di masa depan

+ Penjelasan
S + will be +Materi
adj S + Will + V-Inf
I will see you next week.
- S + won’t be + adj S + Won’t + V-Inf She will go to North Korea to meet Ri Jeong Hyeok.
? Will + S + be + adj? Will + S + V-Inf? Menyatakan kegiatan yang conditional/tertentu
When I arrive at home, I will call you.
TO BE VERBS When I arrive at North Korea, I won’t call you.
+ You will be beautiful I will eat a cake
Menyatakan prediksi/perkiraan
- You won’t be beautiful I won’t eat a cake
My mom will be angry if I do that.
? Will you be beautiful? Will you eat a cake? My father won’t be angry if I study hard.
Time Signal
Tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, later, soon,
next day/week/month/year, in two weeks/months

Penting Untuk Diketahui
STATIVE VERBS VS ACTION VERBS
Stative Verbs (Tidak digunakan dalam continuous tenses) Opinions and Mental
Values,
Sense Properties, and
Desires Processes
Stative Verbs adalah sekumpulan kata kerja (verb) Characteristics
yang memberikan informasi terkait keadaan Love Seem Know Contain
mental/emosional (mental state/emotional state), Hate See Believe Own
jadi stative verbs ini bukan merupakan sebuah Like Look Remember Belong
action, stative verbs tidak digunakan dalam
Dislike Appear Forget Cost
bentuk continuous.
Agree Sound Realize Have/Has
Example: Disagree Hear Suppose Mean
Prefer Hear Think Equal
Wrong It is costing me 80 dollars.
Wish Taste Understand Depend (on)
Right It costs me 80 dollars.
Hope Touch Doubt Exist
Wrong Johnny Depp is seeming cool. Want Feel Recognize Weigh
Right Johnny Depp seems cool. Need Deny Measure

Promise Matter

Penting Untuk Diketahui
STATIVE VERBS VS ACTION VERBS
Action Verbs (Digunakan dalam continuous tenses) Beberapa kata bisa menjadi Stative Verbs & Action Verbs
Action Verbs adalah verbs yang kita pelajari sehari-
hari, ia adalah sekumpulan kata kerja (verb) yang State Meaning Action Meaning
mendeskripsikan suatu action atau processes yang Be She is funny. She is being funny.
terjadi dan memberikan perubahan. Action verbs Have I have a car. I’m having seizures.
digunakan dalam bentuk continuous. Think I think the ghost is I’m thinking about you.
here.
Appears It appears to be Geralt is appearing on TV.
Example: correct.
Taste That tastes good. She is tasting the cake.
Wrong That is tasting good.
Smell That smells good. I am smelling the flowers.
Right That tastes good.
Look That looks good. I’m looking for a person.
Feel I feel sad. Roy Kiyoshi is feeling the existence.
Wrong I’m having a car.
I have a car. See Oh, I see! I’m seeing the doctor now.
Right

Present Continuous
VERBS Menyatakan kejadian yang sedang terjadi

+Penjelasan Materi
S + am/is/are + V-ing I am cooking lasagna at the moment.
She is calling the police right now.
- S + am not/isn’t/aren’t + V-ing
Why are you eating it now?
? Am/are/is + S + V-ing?
Untuk menyatakan perubahan situasi
VERBS
Her health is improving.
The demand for hand-sanitizers is increasing.
+ I am eating a cake
- I am not eating a cake
? Are you eating a cake?
Time Signal
Now, right now, at the moment, these days, nowadays,
at this very moment.

Past Continuous
VERBS Menyatakan kejadian yang sedang terjadi pada waktu lampau

+Penjelasan Materi
S + was/were + V-ing (lebih spesifik dari simple past)
I was cooking lasagna at the moment yesterday.
- S + wasn’t/weren’t + V-ing
She was calling the police at 5pm last week.
? Was/were + S + V-ing? At eight o’clock yesterday, I was drinking Coca Cola.
VERBS Menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pd waktu

+ I was eating a cake lampau (dipotong oleh kegiatan lain)
- I wasn’t eating a cake Penggunaan konjungsi WHEN/WHILE/AS

? Were you eating a cake? I was sleeping when my mother called.
When my mother called, I was sleeping.
Time Signal
at the moment yesterday, at this time yesterday, My mother called while/as I was sleeping.
When, While, at that time, all day, all evening, at 5pm While/as I was sleeping, my mother called.
yesterday.
Future Continuous
VERBS
Menyatakan kejadian yang sedang terjadi pada masa depan
+Penjelasan MateriS + will be + V-ing (lebih spesifik dari simple future)
- S + won’t be + V-ing I will be cooking lasagna this time tomorrow.
? Will + S + be + V-ing? She will be calling the police at 5pm next week.
At eight o’clock tomorrow, I will be drinking Coca Cola.
VERBS
Menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung di masa depan
+ I will be eating a cake (dipotong oleh kegiatan lain)
- I won’t be eating a cake I will be sleeping when you come tomorrow.
? Will you be eating a cake? I will be sleeping by the time you come tomorrow.
When you come tomorrow, I will be sleeping.
Time Signal
at the moment tomorrow, at this time tomorrow, tomorrow morning,
when, next week/month/year, in the future, at 5pm tomorrow.

Present Perfect
VERBS Menyatakan kejadian yang sudah terjadi (kadang

+ Penjelasan Materi
S + Have/has + Verb 3 waktunya tidak menentu)
I have written a letter.
- S + Haven’t/Hasn’t + Verb 3
Menyatakan kejadian di masa lampau dan baru saja berakhir
? Have/Has + S + Verb 3?
I have just done finishing my homework.
VERBS
Menyatakan “Pernah/tidak pernah” atau “Sudah/belum”
+ I have eaten a cake
I have seen Eiffel Tower once.
- I haven’t eaten a cake I have never/have not seen Eiffel Tower.
Have you ever seen Taj Mahal?
? Have you eaten a cake?
I haven’t seen her for a while.
I haven’t eaten yet.
Time Signal
Just now, already, yet, never, ever, still.

Past Perfect
VERBS Menyatakan kejadian yang terjadi sebelum kegiatan lain

+ Penjelasan Materi S + Had + Verb 3 di masa lampau
- S + Hadn’t + Verb 3 I had eaten my breakfast and then I went to school.

Can you tell me how much had you saved up before you
? Had + S + Verb 3?
proposed me yesterday?
Menyatakan kejadian yang akhirnya terlaksana/tercapai
VERBS
+ I had eaten a cake

I had never seen Eiffel Tower before my 20th birthday.
- I hadn’t eaten a cake Penggunaan konjungsi BEFORE/AFTER

? Had you eaten a cake? I had eaten my breakfast before I went to school.
before I went to school, I had eaten my breakfast.
Time Signal
I went to school after I had eaten my breakfast.
Already, yet, never, ever, after, before, yesterday.
After I had eaten my breakfast, I went to school.

Future Perfect
VERBS Menyatakan kejadian yang diyakini akan terjadi/selesai

+ Penjelasan Materi
S + Will have + Verb 3 di masa depan
- S + Won’t have + Verb 3 We will have survived this coronavirus by the end of May.
I will have arrived at Narita International Airport by that time.
? Will + S + Have + Verb 3?
Menyatakan kejadian yang akan selesai sebelum
VERBS kejadian lain berlangsung
+ I will have eaten a cake I will have repaired the car before the race starts.
before the race starts, I will have repaired the car.
- I won’t have eaten a cake
? Will you have eaten a cake?
Time Signal
By then, by next week.month/year, by the end of,
In two weeks/month/years.

Present Perfect-Continuous
VERBS Menyatakan kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau dan

+ Penjelasan Materi
S + Have/has + been + V-ing belum selesai hingga sekarang, dan masih mungkin
berlanjut
- S + Haven’t/Hasn’t + been + V-ing
I have been studying Japanese for almost 2 years.
? Have/Has + S + been + V-ing? She has been living here for 30 years.
My kids have been playing LEGO for the last 2 hours.
VERBS
+ I have been eating a cake Menyatakan kejadian yang baru saja selesai & memiliki
results/akibat di masa sekarang
- I haven’t been eating a cake
Her eyes are red because she has been crying all evening.
? Have you been eating a cake? I need holiday because I have been working hard for 12 years.
He is tired because he has been jogging for 3 hours.
Time Signal Fokus pada durasi
For … hours/days/weeks/months/years,
for the last 2 hours/days/weeks/months/years
Since … hours ago, The whole day, all the morning
Past Perfect-Continuous
VERBS
Menyatakan kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau dan
+ Penjelasan Materi
S + Had + been + V-ing belum selesai hingga kejadian lain terjadi
- S + Hadn’t + been + V-ing
My friends had been playing soccer for 2 hours when it started
? Had + S + been + V-ing? raining.
VERBS Menyatakan kejadian yang terjadi di masa lalu &

+ I had been eating a cake memiliki results/akibat di masa lalu
Her eyes were red because she had been crying all evening.
- I hadn’t been eating a cake
I needed holiday because I had been working hard for 12 years.
? Had you been eating a cake? He was tired because he had been jogging for 3 hours.
Time Signal Fokus pada durasi

The whole day yesterday, all day yesterday, when

Future Perfect-Continuous
VERBS
Menyatakan kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau dan
+ Penjelasan Materi
S + Will have + been + V-ing belum selesai hingga kejadian lain terjadi
- S + Won’t have + been + V-ing
My friends had been playing soccer for 2 hours when it starts
? Will+ S + have + been + V-ing? raining.
VERBS Menyatakan kejadian yang akan terjadi di masa depan &

+ I had been eating a cake memiliki results/akibat di masa depan
Her eyes will be red because she will have been crying all
- I hadn’t been eating a cake
evening.
? Had you been eating a cake? I will need holiday because I will have been working hard for
12 years.
Time Signal Fokus pada durasi He will be tired because he will have been jogging for 3 hours.
The whole day tomorrow, all day tomorrow, when

Exercise 1 Jawaban dan Pembahasan
We … stayed home for 3 months by Jawaban: C. Will have

the end of May. Perhatikan keterangan waktu “By the end
of May”, menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan
a. Have tersebut diprediksikan selesai pada akhir
b. Will be Mei. “Tepat pada akhir Mei nanti, kita
c. Will have sudah terhitung menetap di rumah selama
3 bulan.”
d. Would have Maka tenses yang harus digunakan adalah
Future Perfect.
S + Will have + Verb 3

I have … the Eiffel Tower and Jawaban: B. Seen

Buchenwald Memorial three times. Perhatikan verb “have” dan keterangan
jumlah “Three times” = tiga kali,
a. Been menunjukkan bahwa fokus dari kalimat
b. Seen tsb. Adalah “Saya sudah pernah melihat
c. Saw Eiffel Tower dan Buchenwald Memorial
sebanyak 3 kali.”, maka tenses yang
d. Been seing digunakan Present Perfect.
S + Have + Verb 3

Ri Jeong-Hyeok, a North Korean Jawaban: A. Went

prodigy, … to South Korea 3 years Perhatikan keterangan waktu 3 years ago,
ago to save the life of Yoon Se-Ri. peristiwa tersebut terjadi di masa lalu &
waktu yang ditunjukkan tidak spesifik.
a. Went Jadi cukup gunakan Simple Past.
b. Goes
S + Verb 2
c. Have gone
d. Did go

Anna, I intend to ask you Jawaban: C. Did

something, …. you call me last Perhatikan keterangan waktu last night,
night? peristiwa tersebut terjadi di masa lalu &
waktu yang ditunjukkan tidak spesifik.
a. Don’t Jadi cukup gunakan Simple Past. Kalimat
b. Do tersebut merupakan kalimat tanya,
bentuk kalimat tanya dari simple past
c. Did adalah
d. Does
Did + S + V-Inf

We ... studying for 4 hours when Jawaban: A. Will have been

the teacher comes. Perhatikan keterangan durasi for 4 hours,
dan kejadian tersebut belum terjadi, maka
a. Will have been gunakan Future Perfect-Continuous.
b. Will
c. Did S + Have + Been + V-ing
d. Does

When I arrive at home, I … call you, Jawaban: A. Won’t

because my phone is broken. Perhatikan keterangan when I arrive at
home = ketika aku sampai rumah nanti,
a. Won’t hal ini belum terjadi, maka gunakan Simple
b. Could Future,
c. Will
Perhatikan juga arti kalimatnya “saya tidak
d. Would akan menelfonmu karena HP saya rusak.
Maka gunakan bentuk negative dari
Simple Future. (Won’t = will not)
S + Won’t + V-Inf

Tomorrow morning, I … meeting Jawaban: B. Won’t Be

you. Perhatikan keterangan waktu “tomorrow
morning”, spesifik, maka gunakan Future
a. Will Continuous (negative).
b. Won’t be
c. Are S + Won’t be + V-ing
d. Was

Dr. Lecter and his patient … Jawaban: C. Are Watching

television at the moment. Perhatikan keterangan waktu at the
moment, maka gunakan Present
a. Watch Continuous, dan subjek yang berjumlah 2
b. Have watched orang, maka gunakan to be are.
c. Are watching
S + am/is/are + V-ing
d. Were watching

My kids … playing LEGO for 2 hours Jawaban: C. Have been playing

and they are still playing. Perhatikan keterangan waktu for 2 hours,
dan anak-anak tsb masih melanjutkan
a. Has permainan (belum selesai), maka gunakan
b. Has been playing Present Continuous, dan subjeknya jamak,
c. Have been playing maka gunakan have been playing.
d. Has played S + Have/has + Been + V-ing

I … Netflix when my mom called me

yesterday. Jawaban: A. Was Watching
Perhatikan when my mom called me,
a. Was watching ketika dihubungkan dengan when + simple
b. Were watching past, maka kalimat sebelumnya harus
c. Is watching menggunakan tense Past Continuous.
d. Watched
S + was/were + V-Ing

My sister … coming to visit me at Jawaban: B. Will be

5pm next week. Perhatikan keterangan waktu at 5pm next
week, spesifik, maka gunakan tense
a. Will Future Continuous.
b. Will be
c. Is S + Will be + V-Ing
d. Was

The FBI always ... on time to the Jawaban: B. Comes

crime scene. Perhatikan Adverb of Frequency always,
menunjukkan bahwa hal ini adalah
a. Came habit/kebiasaan, maka gunakan Simple
b. Comes Present.
c. Have come
S + V1
d. Did come

You don’t look healthy, Rina. Jawaban: A. Have you

What’s happening? … eaten? Perhatikan clue yaitu eaten = Verb 3,
berarti auxiliary yang memungkinkan
a. Have you dipakai adalah have/has/had.
b. Did you
c. Has she Karena pembicara berbicara langsung ke
Rina (you), maka jawabannya adalah Have
d. Haven’t you eaten?
Have/Has + S + V3?

I hate to say it, but my husband Jawaban: B. Is giving

… me the worst heartache right Perhatikan keterangan waktu right now,
now. Maka tenses yang harus digunakan adalah
Present Continuous.
a. Gives
b. Is giving S + am/is/are + V1
c. Given
d. Has given

Jawaban: C. Had called

I … the police before the thief
broke my neck. Perhatikan keterangan before the thief
broke my neck, kejadian tersebut terjadi di
masa lalu, “saya menelfon polisi sebelum
a. Has called dia mematahkan leher saya.”
b. Have been called
c. Had called Maka ikuti aturan Past Perfect + Before +
d. Had been called Simple Past
S + Had + V3

I … never seen Liberty Statue Jawaban: B. Had

before my 19th birthday Penulis belum pernah melihat patung
Liberty sebelum ulangtahunnya yang ke-
a. Have 19, berarti sekarang sudah pernah.
b. Had
c. Will Gunakan Past Perfect jika terjadi peristiwa
yang dulu belum dilakukan namun skrg
d. Have had sudah.
S + Had + V3

My friends …. Cooking in my Jawaban: B. Were

house yesterday at 4pm. Perhatikan keterangan yesterday at 4pm,
kegiatan masa lalu yang spesifik, maka
a. Was gunakan tenses Past Continuous.
b. Were
c. Will be Gunakan WERE karena subjeknya jamak
(friends).
d. Is
S + Was/were + V-ing

By nine o’clock tomorrow, I will Jawaban: A. Arrived

have … in Narita International Perhatikan keterangan by nine oçlock
Airport, Japan. tomorrow, maka peristiwa ini belum
terjadi namun sudah diprediksikan akan
a. Arrived terjadi sebelum jam 9 besok.
b. Arrive
Gunakan future perfect untuk kalimat
c. Arriving seperti ini.
d. Arriven
S + Will have + V3

Professor Graham … to his office Jawaban: A. Goes

twice a day. Menyatakan kejadian yang terjadi secara
rutin.
a. Goes
b. Went Gunakan Simple Present untuk kalimat
c. Go seperti ini.
d. Gone S + V1

The boys … soccer for 2 hours

when it started to rain. Jawaban: A. Had been playing
Perhatikan keterangan waktu for 2 hours
a. Has played yang menunjukkan durasi, lalu kalimat Ït
b. Had been playing started to rain, menunjukkan kejadian
c. Have played berlangsung di masa lalu.
d. Have been playing
Maka gunakan tenses Past Perfect
Continuous.
S + Had + Been + V-Ing

Ringkasan Materi
Rangkuman Poin penting yang perlu diketahui di Materi ini
Penjelasan Materi
TENSES PAST PRESENT FUTURE
SIMPLE I ate a cake I eat a cake I will eat a cake
CONTINUOUS I was eating a cake I am eating a cake I will be eating a cake
PERFECT I had eaten a cake I have eaten a cake I will have eaten a cake
PERFECT-
I had been eating a cake I have been eating a cake I will have been eating a cake
CONTINUOUS

Tips-Tips penting untuk materi ini
Rangkuman Poin penting yang perlu diketahui di Materi ini
Penjelasan Materi
• Jangan biasakan diri untuk menghafal RUMUS seperti S1 + V + xxx, biasakan untuk memahami
konsep, misal: kenapa diawali to be, kenapa menggunakan is/am/are, dll. Supaya bisa
mengerjakan soal dalam bentuk apapun.
• Perbanyak baca sumber terpercaya (buku latihan/modul/thesaurus) dan perhatikan kalimatnya,

identifikasi tenses apa yang digunakan, circumstance peristiwanya (kapan terjadinya), dll.
• Dicoba untuk latihan menulis semua contoh tenses berdasarkan pengetahuan dan ingatan yang
telah dipelajari, tanpa melihat buku, lalu bandingkan progressnya.
• Perbanyak wawasan tentang verb 1/2/3 supaya memudahkan jika terdapat vocab yang
membingungkan di soal.

1 - Tenses

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1 - Tenses

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Tes Bahasa Inggris

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Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous

Simple Present Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect-Continuous

Simple Past Past Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect-Continuous

Simple Future Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect-Continuous

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Am/are/is was/were Do/does/did Have/has/had

Present Past Present Past Present Past

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TENSES PAST PRESENT FUTURE

SIMPLE I ate a cake I eat a cake I will eat a cake

CONTINUOUS I was eating a cake I am eating a cake I will be eating a cake

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TO BE VERBS Menyatakan fakta umum

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TO BE VERBS Menyatakan kejadian di masa lalu

? Was/were + S + adj? Did + S + V-Inf?

+ You were beautiful I ate a cake Menceritakan kebiasaan/habits di masa lalu

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TO BE VERBS Menyatakan kejadian yang akan terjadi di masa depan

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STATIVE VERBS VS ACTION VERBS

Wrong Johnny Depp is seeming cool. Want Feel Recognize Weigh

Right Johnny Depp seems cool. Need Deny Measure

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STATIVE VERBS VS ACTION VERBS

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VERBS Menyatakan kejadian yang sedang terjadi

- I am not eating a cake

? Are you eating a cake?

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VERBS Menyatakan kejadian yang sedang terjadi pada waktu lampau

VERBS Menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pd waktu

- I wasn’t eating a cake Penggunaan konjungsi WHEN/WHILE/AS

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VERBS Menyatakan kejadian yang sudah terjadi (kadang

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VERBS Menyatakan kejadian yang terjadi sebelum kegiatan lain

- S + Hadn’t + Verb 3 I had eaten my breakfast and then I went to school.

+ I had eaten a cake

- I hadn’t eaten a cake Penggunaan konjungsi BEFORE/AFTER

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VERBS Menyatakan kejadian yang diyakini akan terjadi/selesai

? Will you have eaten a cake?

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VERBS Menyatakan kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau dan

VERBS Menyatakan kejadian yang terjadi di masa lalu &

Time Signal Fokus pada durasi

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VERBS Menyatakan kejadian yang akan terjadi di masa depan &

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We … stayed home for 3 months by Jawaban: C. Will have

S + Will have + Verb 3

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I have … the Eiffel Tower and Jawaban: B. Seen

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Ri Jeong-Hyeok, a North Korean Jawaban: A. Went

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Anna, I intend to ask you Jawaban: C. Did

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We ... studying for 4 hours when Jawaban: A. Will have been

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