Suggested answers

Ch 16 Coordination in humans
Exercise
Multiple-choice questions (p. 16-29)
1 A 2 A 3 D
4 A 5 C 6 B

Short questions (p. 16-30)

7 a Cerebral hemisphere / cerebrum / cerebral cortex / left hemisphere 1m b i 1
SSA helps select or identify correct words from past experience or memory
/ understand the language / process written words. 1m
2 It sends nerve impulses to muscles of the mouth and face to form words.
1m
3 It receives impulses from the eyes / optic nerve 1m and
passes impulse to visual association area. 1m ii B Speech association
area A 1m

8 Endocrine glands produce hormones which diffuse directly into the blood. 1m Exocrine
glands release their secretions through ducts. 1m
For example, salivary glands secrete saliva through salivary ducts into the mouth 1m
while pancreas secretes insulin directly into the blood. 1m

Structured questions (p. 16-30)

9 HKCEE Biology 2006 I Q3
2. A. * cerebellum (1)
It is for coordinating the activities of muscles in maintaining body balance (1)
B. Z protects Y from mechanical damage (1)
C. Drawing of different neurones (D):
correct position of cell bodies (½), presence of 2 synapses only (½)
*Labels (L): receptor / nerve ending, sensory neurone, interneurone, motor neurone,
effector / biceps / muscle (any four) 4 x (½)
Correct pathway (P): Indicate the direction of nerve impulse transmission OR direction
can be identified from the label(s) of the component (1)
 Total: 7 marks

10 HKCEE Biology 2004 I Q2c

(b) (i) Receptor: taste buds / smell receptor (1)
Effector: salivary glands (1)
(ii) (light) → light sensitive cells relay neurone in brain
sensory neurone motor neurone

muscle of iris → (contraction of iris muscle / pupil constriction) (3) (iii)

(1) Cerebrum (1)
(2) The responses can be controlled voluntarily. )
They are not stereotyped. ) any two (1,1)
They need to be learned. )

11 HKCEE Human Biology 2004 I Q2c

Essays (p. 16-31)
12 Nerve impulses are electrical messages transmitted along nerve fibres at high speed. 1m
When a nerve impulse arrives the ending of an axon, it stimulates the ending to release
neurotransmitters. 1m
The neurotransmitters diffuse across the synapse 1m and stimulate the dendron of the next
neurone to generate a nerve impulse to continue the transmission. 1m Importance:
This ensures nerve impulses travel in one direction only. 1m
Most neurones have more than one synapse, so neurones can communicate with many
other neurones. 1m
Complex network of neurones enables nervous system to achieve coordination that
involves many receptors and effectors. 1m
Communication 1m

13 HKALE Biology 2004 II Q5a

Reading to learn (p. 16-32)
1 The cerebral cortex lacks receptors that detect pain. 1m
No nerve impulses can be generated to give the sensation of pain. 1m

2 Doctors stimulate specific areas in the cerebral cortex 1m

and observe the effects of the stimulation on the patient. 1m

3 Left cerebral hemisphere 1m