NAME : MUHAMAD ARSAD

SEMESTER : 6Th (Sixth)

NPM : 181016179202003
MAJOR : Pragmatics
LECTURER :Mom.Rini Afrilesa J,S.S.,M.Hum ENGLISH FACULTY OF MUARA
BUNGO UNIVERSITY

1. Pragmatics is the scientific study of how context affects meaning, such as how sentences are
interpreted in certain situations (or the interpretation of linguistic meaning in context). Pragmatics is
a branch of linguistics, which is the study of language. Pragmatics focuses on conversational
implicature, which is a process in which the speaker implies and a listener infers. Simply put,
pragmatics studies language that is not directly spoken. Instead, the speaker hints at or suggests a
meaning, and the listener assumes the correct intention.
2. because pragmatics is a bridge for linguistics, if something cannot be solved by the linguistics
section, it can be solved by pragmatics.
3. Speech act is a part of pragmatics where there are certain aims beyond the words or phrases when
a speaker says something. And it is an utterance defined in terms of a speaker's intention and the
effect it has on a listener. Essentially, it is the action that the speaker hopes to provoke in his or her
audience. Speech acts might be requests, warnings, promises, apologies, greetings, or any number
of declarations. As you might imagine, speech acts are an important part of communication.
4. - Assertive Utterance
assertive language is concerned with facts. The language concerned with knowledge, with
cognition. It deals with data, what exists or existed, what is happening or has happened or not. So
assertive utterance are either true or false and generally they can be verified or falsified – not
necessarily at the time of the utterance or by those who hear them, but in general sense the are
subject to empirical investigation.
- Performative Utterance
Performative utterance are valid if spoken by someone whose right to make them is accepted
in circumstances which are accepted as appropriate.
- Expressive Utterance
Expressive utterance are thus retrospective and speaker-involved
5. –Locutionary
Locutionary act is considered a performative, in which both the audience and the speaker
must trust certain conditions about the speech act.
Locutionary act was the basic act of utterance, or producing a meaningful linguistic expression.
Performing an act of saying something one sentence could be used to perform.
The example of the locutionary speech act can be seen in the following sentences:
“the baby is crying” or “the sky is blue”.
- illocutionary
Illocutionary act refers to the use of a sentence to express an attitude with a certain function
or "force," called an illocutionary force, which differs from locutionary acts in that they carry a
certain urgency and appeal to the meaning and direction of the speaker. Illocutionary act can be the
real description of interaction condition.
For example: It’s so dark in this room.
-Perlocutionary
perlocutionary act is an action or state of mind brought about by, or as a consequence
of,saying something. And it is the consequent effect on the hearer which the speaker intends should
follow from his utterance."