TOP TEN COUNTRIES WITH THE HIGHEST

POPULATION
2000 2018 Growth % Pop 2050
# Country
Population Population 2000 - 2018 Expected Pop.
1 China 1,268,301,605 1,415,045,928 11.6 % 1,301,627,048
2 India 1,006,300,297 1,354,051,854 34.6 % 1,656,553,632
3 United States 282,162,411 326,766,748 15.8 % 398,328,349
4 Indonesia 214,090,575 266,794,980 24.6 % 300,183,166
5 Brazil 174,315,386 210,867,954 21.0 % 232,304,177
6 Pakistan 152,429,036 200,813,818 31.7 % 290,847,790
7 Nigeria 123,945,463 195,875,237 58.0 % 391,296,754
8 Bangladesh 128,734,672 166,368,149 29.2 % 193,092,763
9 Russia 147,053,966 143,964,709 - 2.1 % 129,908,086
10 Mexico 99,775,434 130,759,074 31.1 % 150,567,503

TOP TEN Countries 3,597,108,845 4,411,308,451 22.6 % 4,950,140,178

Rest of the World 2,547,898,144 3,223,449,481 29.6 % 4,329,774,957

TOTAL World
6,145,006,989 7,634,757,932 25.5 % 9,374,484,225
Population

Not surprisingly, the largest countries in the word in terms of population are China and India, with both now
having populations of well over a billion. The United States comes in third with just under 350 million residents.
The BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China), generally regarded as the four major emerging
economies expected to dominate in the 21st century, are all in the top ten most populous countries, indicating
how important the sheer size of their populations are to their economic expansion.

However, a number of countries considered by the International Monetary Fund to be developing countries
(that is, having not achieved a high degree of industrialization relative to their populations, and where the
population typically has a medium to low standard of living) also have sizeable populations,
including Nigeria (over 190 million), Bangladesh (almost 165 million) and Mexico (around 129 million),
demonstrating that the issues affecting developing nations span multiple continents.

It is notable that a number of the largest economies in the world have smaller populations, particularly
in Europe. The United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Italy are all among the top ten largest economies and
all have populations of under 100 million. Their numbers range from 82 million (Germany) to just under 60
million (Italy).

Furthermore, several extremely small countries, such as Monaco, Luxembourg, and the Cayman Islands - all
with fewer than a million residents - play a much larger role in the financial world than their population numbers
would suggest. In contrat, Canada, also a major economic player and one of the largest countries in the world
by land mass, has a relatively small population for its size, with around 36.5 million reside
 Philippines Population and Demography

DEMOGRAPHY

 Area: 342,353 km²

 Density: 311.12/km²
 Capital: Manila (12.8 million people)
 Largest City: Quezon City (2,936,116 people)
 Region: Asia
 Sub-Region: South-Eastern Asia

POPULATION

Total Population: 106, 789, 226 (based on the latest United Nations estimates)

- 1.4% of the total word population

- Growth Rate: 1.52%

- 13th most populated country

 Female: 53, 020, 851

 Male: 53,768,375
 Rural Area: 47, 278, 672
 Urban Area: 59, 510, 554

LIFE EXPECTANCY

- This entry contains the average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at
each age remains constant in the future. Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country
and summarizes the mortality at all ages. It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in
human capital and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures.

- According to the latest WHO data published in 2018 life expectancy in Philippines is: Male 66.2, female 72.6 and total
life expectancy is 69.3 which gives Philippines a World Life Expectancy ranking of 123.
Total Life Expectancy: 69.4 (Median Age of 28.1)

 Female: 72.6
 Male: 66.2

Top 20 causes of death in the Philippines

1. Coronary Heart Disease 6. Diabetes Mellitus 11. Lung Cancers 16. Liver Disease

2. Stroke 7. Kidney Disease 12. Prostate Cancer 17. Colon-Rectum Cancers

3. Influenza and Pneumonia 8. Hypertension 13. Violence 18. Peptic Ulcer Disease

4. Lung Disease 9. Breast Cancer 14. Road Traffic Accidents 19. Cervical Cancer

5. Tuberculosis 10. Asthma 15. Liver Cancer 20. Diarrheal diseases

BIRTH RATE

 Gross Reproduction Rate: 1.42 Per 1,000 (Rank: 51)

 Ratio at Birth - Male to Female:1.05 Rati (Rank: 92)
 Total Fertility Rate: 2.91 Births Per Woman (Rank: 49)
 Fertility Rate
 15-19 35.40 Per 1,000 Women Rank: 79
 20-24 131.90 Per 1,000 Women Rank: 50
 25-29 163.90 Per 1,000 Women Rank: 51
 30-34 131.00 Per 1,000 Women Rank: 56
 35-39 76.10 Per 1,000 Women Rank: 50
 40-44 38.30 Per 1,000 Women Rank: 42
 45-49 4.50 Per 1,000 Women Rank: 75

MORTALITY RATES
 Deaths Per 1000: 4.86 Per 1,000 Rank: 198
 Infant Mortality Rate: 15.62 Per 1,000 Births Rank: 100
  Female 13.36 Per 1,000 Births Rank: 101
 Male 17.78 Per 1,000 Births Rank: 100
 Mortality Rate - Age 1-4: 5.58 Per 1,000 Births Rank: 74
 Female 4.80 Per 1,000 Births Rank: 75
 Male 6.32 Per 1,000 Births Rank: 75

 Mortality Rate - Under Age 5: 21.11 Per 1,000 Births Rank: 93

 Female 18.10 Per 1,000 Births Rank: 91
 Male 23.99 Per 1,000 Births Rank: 94
 Death Rate: average of 1,920 per day

In the Philippines, more than five people die for every one thousand population in 2013. This is equivalent to
531,280 registered deaths from all causes and all ages. Of these deaths, 57 percent or 304,516 were males and 43
percent or 226,764 were females. For every 100 female deaths, there correspond 134 male deaths and which
constituted to a death sex ratio of 1.34. It is consistent that numbers of male deaths are greater than female deaths.
Consequently, males always have higher death rate than females. Reports also showed that the highest occurrences of
deaths were among the elderly persons, 70 years and over. It comprised more than 38 percent of total deaths with
202,564 cases. However, death occurrence was least among age group 10-14 years with 0.9 percent. Deaths among
under 1 year old is more than twice (21,992 or 4.1%) the number of deaths in ages 1-4 years (9,526 or 1.8%) The number
of deaths increase as the people gets older. Statistics show that the risk of dying is directly proportional to age, starting
with age 10 and up.
 Reports showed that the highest incidence of death (by place of occurrence) was in CALABARZON with 75,743 or
14.3 percent of the total deaths, followed by NCR with 71,050 deaths or 13.4 percent and Central Luzon with 60,409
deaths or 11.4 percent. Deaths from these three regions comprised to almost 40 percent (39.1%) of the total deaths.

On the other hand, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) reported the least number of deaths with
1,484 or 0.3 percent only. While, Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) and CARAGA followed with a share of 1.4
percent and 2.4 percent respectively. These three regions were consistently low in terms of the number of deaths
registered, which maybe a result of either effective health intervention or under registration.
 Malthusian Theory Of Population

The Malthusian Theory of Population is a theory of exponential population growth and arithmetic food supply
growth. Thomas Robert Malthus, an English cleric, and scholar published this theory in his 1798 writings, An
Essay on the Principle of Population.

He believed that through preventative checks and positive checks, the population would be controlled to
balance the food supply with the population level. These checks would lead to the Malthusian catastrophe.

Malthusian Theory of Population

Malthusian Theory of Population Explained
1. Population and Food Supply
Thomas Malthus theorized that populations grew in geometric progression. A geometric progression is a
sequence of numbers where each term after the first is found by multiplying the previous one by a fixed, non-
zero number called the common ratio. For example, in the sequence 2, 10, 50, 250, 1250, the common ratio is
5.

Additionally, he stated that food production increases in arithmetic progression. An arithmetic progression is a
sequence of numbers such that the difference between the consecutive terms is constant. For example, in the
sequence 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, the common difference of 3. He derived this conclusion due to the Law of
Diminishing Returns.

From this, we can conclude that populations will grow faster than the supply of food. This will lead to a
shortage of food.

2. Population Control
Malthus then argued that because there will be higher population than the availability of food, many people will
die from the shortage of food. He theorized that this correction will take place in the form of Positive Checks (or
Natural Checks) and Preventative Checks. These checks would lead to the Malthusian catastrophe, which
would bring the population level back to a ‘sustainable level’.

A. Positive Checks or Natural Checks

He believed that natural forces will correct the imbalance between food supply and population growth in the
form of natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes and man-made actions such as wars and famines.

B. Preventative Checks
To correct the imbalance, Malthus also suggested using preventative measures to control the growth of the
population. These measures include family planning, late marriages, and celibacy.

Criticisms of the Malthusian Theory of Population

1. Population Growth
The gloom and doom forecasts put forward by Malthus have not played out. In Western Europe, populations
have grown (not at the rate Malthus predicted) and food production has also risen because of technological
advancements.

2. Food Production
Thanks to many technological advancements, food production has dramatically increased over the past
century. Often, the food production rate has grown higher than the population growth rate. For example, during
the 1930s in the US, 25% of the population worked in the agricultural sector while the total GDP was less than
$100 billion to the GDP. Today, less than 2% of the population works in the agricultural sector while the total
GDP is over $14 trillion.

3. Global Trade
Malthus’ theory on food production constraints was largely based on the limited availability of land. However,
thanks to globalization we can trade good and services for food, which increases the amount of food a country
can consume.

4. Calculations
Malthus did not provide calculations for the geometric growth of populations and the arithmetic growth of food.
Since then, experts have pointed out that the growth rates are not consistent with Malthus’ predictions.
Sources:

http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/

https://www.intelligenteconomist.com/malthusian-theory/

https://www.doh.gov.ph/mortality

https://www.populationof.net/philippines/

http://www.worldlifeexpectancy.com/philippines-life-expectancy

http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/philippines-population/

https://tradingeconomics.com/philippines/population-female-percent-of-total-wb-data.html

http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/philippines-population/

https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats8.htm