Introduction to Decimal Number System:

A positional system of numeration that uses decimal digits and a base

ten. The number system we use every day, based on 10 digits
(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) position is important.The decimal numeral
system (also called base ten or occasionally denary) has ten as its
base. It is the numeral base most widely used by modern civilizations.

Binary Number System:

A method of representing number that has 2 as its base and uses

only the digits 0 and 1.Number system that uses only two values
(0,1) to represent codes and data. Since zeros and ones can be easily
represented by two voltages. The binary system is the foundation on
which digital technology is built. Every digital computer whether a
pocket calculator or a mainframe uses the same binary notation.
Example -1 Decimal to Binary

2 123
2 61 1
2 30 1
2 15 0
2 7 1
2 3 1
1 1

(123)10 = (1111011)2
Example-2 Decimal Fraction to Binary Fraction

0 0.3125
. x 2
6250
0
x2
2500
1
x2
5000
0
x2
1 0000

(0.3125)10 = (0.0101)2
 Example -3 Binary to Decimal

1001001 = 1 x 26 + 0 x 25 + 0 x 24 + 1 x 23 + 0 x 22 + 0 x 21 + 1x20

1001001 = 1 x 64 + 0 x 32 + 0 x 16 + 1 x 8 + 0 x 4 + 0 x 2 + 1 x
1

1001001 = 64 + 0 + 0 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 1

(1001001)2 = (73)10
Example -4 Binary Fraction to Decimal Fraction
0.0011 = 0 x 2-1 + 0 x 2-2 + 1 x 2-3 + 1 x
2-4 1 1 1 1
0× +0× + 1×
+ 1× 4
2 2 2 3 2
2
1 + 0 × 1 + 1× 1 1
0× + 1×
2 4 8 16
1 1
0+0+ +
8
16
1 1
+
8 16
2+1
16
3
16
= 0.1875
(0.0011)2 = (0.1875)10
Addition Facts:

0+0=0
0+1=1
1+0=1
1 + 1 = 10 with a carry of 1
1+1+1 =
11
Example – 5 110101 + 11011

Solution:

110101
+ 11011
1010000
Example-6 101111+110101+101101

Solution:

101111
+ 110101
11 0 0 1 0 0
+ 101101
10 0 1 0 0 0 1
Subtraction Facts:

0-0=0
1-0=1
1 -1 = 0

Example-7
110–10

Solution:

110
- 10
1 00
Example-8 11100111–1111111

Solution:
11100111
- 1111111
1101000

Example-9 10101001–101101

Solution:
10101001
- 101101
1111100
 Multiplication Facts:

0x0=0
0x1=0
1x0=0
1x1=1
Example-10: 1101x100

Solution:
1101
x 100
0000
0000x
1101xx
110100
Example-11 11001x1001
:

Solution:

11001
x 1001
11001
00000x
00000xx
11001xxx
11100001
Division Facts:

0÷1=0
1÷1=1
Example-12: 101010÷110

Solution: 111 110

101010
11 0
10 0 1
110
110
110
xxx

101010 =111
110
Example-13: 10000111÷101

Solution:
11011 101
10000111
101
00110
101
00111
101
101
101
x

10000111= 11011
101
Example-14: 100001÷11

Solution:
1011 11
100001
1 1
1 0 0
11
11
11
x

100001 = 1011
11
 Exercise-1.1

1. Convert the following decimal numbers into equivalent binary

numbers.

i) 32 ii) 57 iii) 67
iv) 89 v) 185 vi) 369
vii) 412 viii) 567 ix) 1853
x) 3922

2. Convert the following decimal fraction into equivalent binary

fractions.

i) 0.125 ii) 0.625 iii) 0.5625

iv) 0.859375 v) 0.078125

3. Convert the following binary numbers into equivalent decimal

numbers.

i) 101 ii) 1000 iii) 1001

iv) 1011 v) 1100 vi) 100001
vii) 1000001 viii) 1010001 ix) 10011101
x) 111000011
4. Convert the following binary fraction into decimal fractions.

i) 0.001 ii) 0.101 iii) 0.1001

iv) 0.110111 v) 0.000101

5. Convert the following decimal into binary fractions.

i) 25.125 ii) 412.5625

6. Convert the following binary into decimal fractions.

i) 111001.101 ii) 10111001.000101

7. Add the following binary numbers.

i) 10101 + 1101 vi) 111 +101 +10

ii) 10110 +11011 vii) 1011101 +111011 + 10111
iii) 10011 + 10101 viii) 110110 +101101+ 10101
iv) 10101 + ix) 1010101 + 110110 + 10010
v) 1101 x) 1110111 + 100101 + 111110
10111 +10101

8. Subtract the following binary numbers.

i) 1110 – 101 iv) 110101 – 10011

ii) 100101 – 11010 v) 1100001 – 11110
iii) 11011 – 1010
9. Perform the following multiplication.

i) 101 x 11 iii) 10110 x 1101

ii) 1100 x 1110 iv) 1011 x 110

v) 11010 x 10110

10. Perform the following division.

i) 11001 ÷ 101 iv) 1111110÷ 111

ii) 11110 ÷ 1010 v) 110010 ÷ 101
iii) 11011 ÷10
 ANSWERS
EXERCISE-1.1
1.
i)100000 vi)101110001
ii)111001 vii)110011100
iii)1000011 viii)1000110111
iv)1011001 ix)11100111101
v)10111001 x)111101010010

2.
i)0.001 iii)0.1001
ii)0.101 iv)0.110111
v)0.000101

3.
i)5 vi)33
ii)8 vii)65
iii)9 viii)81
iv)11 ix)157
v)12 x)451
4.
i)0.125 iv)0.859375
ii) o.625 v)0.078125
iii)o.5625

5.
i)11001.001
ii)110011100.1001 6.i)57.625 ii)185.078125

7.
i)100010 vi)1110
ii)110001 vii)10101111
iii)101000 viii)1111000
iv)100010 ix)10011101
v)101100 x)11011010

8.
i)1001 iii)10001
ii)1011 iv)100010
v)1000011
9.
i)1111 iii)100011110
ii)10101000 iv)1000010
v)1000111100

10.
i)101 iii)1101.1
ii)11 iv)10010
v)1010