Professional Documents
Culture Documents
23 de septiembre 2019
SISMOS
Integrantes:
Contenido
Articulo No 1 Natural disasters...........................................................................................2
Articulo No 1 traducido.......................................................................................................4
Mapa No 1...........................................................................................................................7
Articulo No 2 seismology....................................................................................................8
Articulo No 2 traducido.....................................................................................................11
Mapa No 2.........................................................................................................................14
Articulo No 3 plate tectonics.............................................................................................15
Articulo No 3 traducido.....................................................................................................19
Mapa No 3.........................................................................................................................23
Referencias........................................................................................................................24
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sismos
a magnitude 6.4 earthquake hit the same region. This is the largest in decades,
with the last temblor this large—the magnitude 7.1 Hector Mine earthquake—
striking the Mojave Desert in 1999.This latest event was widely felt, causing
several fires and damage to buildings and roads in Ridgecrest and nearby, but
around the world, usually in the form of small tremors. See the latest
planet's earthquakes occur along the rim of the Pacific Ocean, called the "ring of
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earthquakes occur at fault zones, where tectonic plates—giant rock slabs that
make up Earth's upper layer—collide or slide against each other. These impacts
are usually gradual and unnoticeable on the surface; however, immense stress
can build up between plates. When this stress is released quickly, it sends
massive vibrations, called seismic waves, often hundreds of miles through the
rock and up to the surface. Other quakes can occur far from faults zones when
magnitude 8 quake strikes somewhere every year, and some 10,000 people die
Smaller temblors that usually occur in the days following a large earthquake can
complicate rescue efforts and cause further death and destruction. Loss of life
buildings that sway rather than break under the stress of an earthquake.
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Articulo No 1 traducido.
temblor tan grande, el terremoto de magnitud 7.1 de la mina Héctor, que azotó el
semana.
Sobre terremotos: Los terremotos, también llamados temblores, pueden ser tan
tremendamente destructivos que es difícil imaginar que cada día ocurren miles
fuerza para derribar edificios. Descubra qué causa los terremotos, por qué son
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tan mortales y qué se está haciendo para ayudar a los edificios a mantener sus
golpes.
donde las placas tectónicas (losas de roca gigantes que forman la capa superior
de la Tierra) chocan o se deslizan una contra la otra. Estos impactos suelen ser
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Mapa No 1.
SISMOS
Clasificación
Impredecibles y pueden por
golpear con suficiente magnitud
fuerza para derribar (escala de
edificios
Ocurren. • Leve a leve
• Moderado a
fuerte
• Mayor
Consecuencia
s
• Tsunami
• Derrumbes
• Incendios
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Articulo No 2 seismology.
waves that move through and around the earth. A seismologist is a scientist who
What Are Seismic Waves? Seismic waves are the waves of energy caused by
the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion. They are the energy
Types of Seismic Waves: There are several different kinds of seismic waves,
and they all move in different ways. The two main types of waves are body
waves and surface waves. Body waves can travel through the earth's inner
layers, but surface waves can only move along the surface of the planet like
ripples on water. Earthquakes radiate seismic energy as both body and surface
waves.
before the surface waves emitted by an earthquake. These waves are of a higher
P WAVES: The first kind of body wave is the P wave or primary wave. This is the
fastest kind of seismic wave, and, consequently, the first to 'arrive' at a seismic
station. The P wave can move through solid rock and fluids, like water or the
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liquid layers of the earth. It pushes and pulls the rock it moves through just like
sound waves push and pull the air. Have you ever heard a big clap of thunder
and heard the windows rattle at the same time? The windows rattle because the
sound waves were pushing and pulling on the window glass much like P waves
push and pull on rock. Sometimes animals can hear the P waves of an
earthquake. Dogs, for instance, commonly begin barking hysterically just before
an earthquake 'hits' (or more specifically, before the surface waves arrive).
Usually people can only feel the bump and rattle of these waves.
P waves are also known as compressional waves, because of the pushing and
pulling they do. Subjected to a P wave, particles move in the same direction that
the the wave is moving in, which is the direction that the energy is traveling in,
which is the second wave you feel in an earthquake. An S wave is slower than a
P wave and can only move through solid rock, not through any liquid medium. It
Earth's outer core is a liquid. S waves move rock particles up and down, or side-
lower frequency than body waves, and are easily distinguished on a seismogram
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as a result. Though they arrive after body waves, it is surface waves that are
almost enitrely responsible for the damage and destruction associated with
earthquakes. This damage and the strength of the surface waves are reduced in
deeper earthquakes.
LOVE WAVES: The first kind of surface wave is called a Love wave, named after
A.E.H. Love, a British mathematician who worked out the mathematical model for
this kind of wave in 1911. It's the fastest surface wave and moves the ground
from side-to-side. Confined to the surface of the crust, Love waves produce
entirely horizontal.
named for John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh, who mathematically predicted the
existence of this kind of wave in 1885. A Rayleigh wave rolls along the ground
just like a wave rolls across a lake or an ocean. Because it rolls, it moves the
ground up and down, and side-to-side in the same direction that the wave is
moving. Most of the shaking felt from an earthquake is due to the Rayleigh wave,
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Articulo No 2 traducido.
pueden viajar a través de las capas internas de la Tierra, pero las ondas
cuerpo y de la superficie.
Ondas del cuerpo: Viajando a través del interior de la tierra, las ondas del
por la que se mueve al igual que las ondas de sonido empujan y tiran del
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aire. ¿Alguna vez has escuchado un gran trueno y has escuchado el ruido de las
empujan y tiran del vidrio de la ventana, al igual que las ondas P empujan y tiran
las personas solo pueden sentir el golpe y el traqueteo de estas olas. Las ondas
lenta que una onda P y solo puede moverse a través de roca sólida, no a través
de ningún medio líquido. Es esta propiedad de las ondas S la que llevó a los
S mueven las partículas de roca hacia arriba y hacia abajo, o de lado a lado,
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superficiales son de una frecuencia más baja que las ondas corporales, y como
de las ondas corporales, son las ondas superficiales las que son las principales
llamada así por AEH Love, un matemático británico que desarrolló el modelo
matemático para este tipo de onda en 1911. Es la onda de superficie más rápida
ondas Love producen un movimiento completamente horizontal para ver una ola
de amor en acción.
llamada así por John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh, quien matemáticamente
predijo la existencia de este tipo de onda en 1885. Una onda de Rayleigh rueda
por el suelo como una ola cruza un lago o un lago. Océano. Debido a que rueda,
mueve el suelo hacia arriba y hacia abajo, y de lado a lado en la misma dirección
ola de Rayleigh, que puede ser mucho más grande que las otras olas. para ver
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Mapa No 2.
Estudio de sismos y
ondas sísmicas que se
mueven atreves y primaria
alrededor de la tierra.
Rápido de onda sísmica, el
Tipos de ondas Ondas P primero en llegar. Puede
moverse atreves de rocas y
fluidos solidos
Compresión
Ondas del
Principales
cuerpo
Empuja y tiran, se mueven
en la misma dirección en
que se mueve la onda
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The puzzle pieces of Earth's lithosphere are always in motion, slamming against
each other and grinding past one another. Earth is action-packed. Even if there
were zero life on our planet, the place would be full of birth and death, marriage,
breakup and even a little dirty dancing. That’s all thanks to the lithosphere, a
solid layer of crust and part of the upper mantle that’s broken into more than a
dozen slabs, or plates, of varying sizes. These pieces, divided between older
continental crust and younger oceanic crust, ride atop the gooey asthenosphere,
a semiliquid layer of magma and partly melted rock. Most of us may think of
Earth’s cracked and creeping crust only when we hear of a catastrophic event
caused by it, such as an earthquake or volcanic eruption. But the puzzle pieces
of the lithosphere are always in motion, slamming against one another, grinding
past or getting shoved under another slab. More than a mere geological mosh
Types of Plates
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Smaller plates may get worn away completely over time, but the centers, or
cratons, of larger continental plates remain stable — they include the oldest
destruction of one or more plate edges. When one plate sinks below another,
forcing it back down to Meltytown, it’s called subduction. This usually involves a
the Izu-Bonin-Mariana subduction zone (where the Pacific Plate is being pushed
below the Philippine Plate, creating the deepest oceanic trenches in the world)
and the Himalayan mountain range (where the Eurasian and Indian continental
Divergent: Where plates pull apart, stretching and often splitting open the crust;
this allows magma to seep up. The magma cools, creating new crust. Examples:
Transform: Where plates slide past each other horizontally; also called fracture
zones because the stress typically causes splintering into numerous faults, or
understood areas of activity that don’t fall neatly into one of the other categories.
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These zones involve larger plates and one or more microplates that may be both
of miles from the nearest plate boundary. Below the solid lithosphere, thermal
plumes in the semiliquid asthenosphere send out heat energy so intense that it
melts the plate above it, allowing magma to seep up through the crust and
sometimes reach the surface. For decades, geologists thought the plumes’
positions were fixed, and that, as the plates above them continue to move, they
create arcs of volcanoes. However, newer research hints that the plumes
As the World Turns: he theory of plate tectonics took shape in the 1960s after
more precise seafloor maps and seismic activity monitoring revealed signs of our
planet’s shifting shell. But the ideas built upon those of early 20th-century
German scientist Alfred Lothar Wegener, who proposed the theory of continental
drift: The large landmasses we know today were once joined together in a
supercontinent. Although first to describe the idea scientifically, Wegener was not
the first to think it. Late 16th-century mapmaker Abraham Ortelius theorized that
the Americas, Africa and Europe had been torn asunder by catastrophic
together more than once in the deep past. While the very definition of a
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monster landmasses were large enough to affect global climate by shifting ocean
and air currents. These climatic changes, along with the raising of mountains and
other geological events driven by plate tectonics, created new ecological systems
Get a Move On: It’s unclear why our planet’s plates can’t stay put — or when
they started moving. After Earth formed about 4.6 billion years ago, its surface
was a hot mess of magma for a long time. Isotopic analysis of some of the oldest
known rocks suggests that continental crust may have started forming as early
as 4.4 billion years ago, but the details and timing of the process are unknown.
Some researchers believe that, when the magma finally cooled enough to form a
crust, it was a single, contiguous shell. But the mantle beneath, still hundreds of
degrees hotter than it is today, may have melted and fractured the fragile crust
into pieces, or plates. What set the plates in motion is still debated, but most
researchers think that subduction .when one plate overrides another — explains
why they remain in motion. The immense force of the cooler, denser plate being
pushed down into the mantle creates tremendous energy, which then circulates
in a convective flow, pushing up hotter, less dense magma that breaks through to
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Articulo No 3 traducido.
La danza lenta de la corteza de nuestro planeta: Las piezas del rompecabezas
parte del manto superior que se divide en más de una docena de losas, o
por ella, como un terremoto o una erupción volcánica. Pero las piezas del
simple pozo geológico mosh, las placas juegan un papel clave en el clima y la
evolución.
Tipos de placas:
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tiempo, pero los centros o cratones de las placas continentales más grandes
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Andreas Fault.
energía térmica tan intensa que funde la placa que está encima, permitiendo que
penachos eran fijas y que, a medida que las placas sobre ellos continúan
década de 1960 después de que mapas más precisos del fondo marino y el
nuestro planeta. Pero las ideas construidas sobre las del científico alemán de
deriva continental: las grandes masas de tierra que conocemos hoy una vez se
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del siglo XVI, Abraham Ortelius, teorizó que América, África y Europa habían
creen que las placas continentales se han unido más de una vez en el pasado
especies a extenderse y
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Mapa No 3.
PLACAS TECTONICAS
Corteza mas vieja y Ocurre con toda la acción Mas joven y delgada está
mas gruesa, hecha tectónica. hecha de roca relativamente
de roca mas liviana. más pesada.
Zonas límites
Convergente Divergente Transformada
de placas
Ejemplos
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Referencias
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/natural-disasters/earthquakes/
http://www.geo.mtu.edu/UPSeis/waves.html
http://discovermagazine.com/2019/july/ewk-plate-tectonics
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