BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

WALLS
A R HEM A R ED DY
 TYPE OF WALLS
CURTAIN WALL

• Curtain wall is refers to a building facade that is not load bearing but provide
decoration
• A curtain wall is designed to air and water filtration.
• As it is non-structural it can be made of light material such as glass, steel,
aluminum stone veneers, louvers, metal panels etc.

PARTITION WALL

• It is wall that separates room or divide the room.

• It is a non-load bearing wall.
• It may be construct of many material such as bricks, clay blocks steel panels,
terra cotta, concrete, glass sheet, wood etc.
 TYPE OF WALLS
RETAINING WALL

• A retaining wall is a structure that hold or retained soil behind it.

• There is much type of materials that can be used to create retaining wall like
concrete block, poured concrete, treated timber, rock or boulders.
• Retaining wall resists movement of earth, soil and water

MASONRY WALL

• Masonry walls are the most durable part of any building or structure.
• Masonry is the word utilized for development with mortar as a coupling
material with singular units of blocks, stones, marbles, rocks, solid squares,
tiles, and so forth.
• Mortar is a blend of restricting material with sand.
 TYPE OF WALLS
STONE WALLS

• A kind of masonry construction that has been used for thousands of years.
• The first stone walls were constructed by farmers and primitive people by piling loose field stones into a dry stone
wall.
• Later, mortar and plaster were used, especially in the construction of city walls, castles, and
other fortifications before and during the Middle Ages.
• These stone walls are spread throughout the world in different forms.
• One of the best example is the Cyclopean Wall in Rajgir, India.
 TYPE OF WALLS

CAVITY WALLS

• A cavity wall has two separate walls constructed with a

gap in between the two walls.
• The two leaves of cavity walls can be equal thickness if it is
non load bearing wall.

CHARACTERISTICS:

• The cavity is normally between 5cm – 10cm.

• Cavity walls give good sound property.
• It gives better thermal insulation.
• Constructed to prevent the transmission of dampness to
the inner walls.
• It prevents moisture.
• They prove to be economical.
 TYPE OF WALLS

PRECAST CONCRETE

• Product produced by casting concrete in a reusable mold or

"form" which is then cured in a controlled environment,
transported to the construction site and lifted into place ("tilt
up").
• In contrast, standard concrete is poured into site-specific
forms and cured on site.
• Precast stone is distinguished from precast concrete using a
fine aggregate in the mixture, so the final product approaches
the appearance of naturally occurring rock or stone.
• More recently expanded polystyrene is being used as the
cores to precast wall panels.
• This is lightweight and has better thermal insulation.
 SAND
• It is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. It is defined by size being finer
than gravels and coarser than silt.

• The composition of sand varies, depending on the local rock sources and conditions. The most common constitute of sand is silica
and then calcium carbonate.

• Sandisclassifiedasfinesand(.075-.425mm),mediumsand(.425-2mm),andcoarsesand ( 2-4.75 mm). The types of sandare following,

TYPES OF SAND
 TYPES OF SAND
PIT SAND ( COARSE SAND)

Pit sans is classified under coarse sand which is also called Badarpur sand in common language. This
type of sand is produced in deep pit of abundant supply and it is generally in red- orange color. The
coarse grain is sharp and angular in shape.

RIVER SAND
River sand is produced from river streams and banks and is fine in quality unlike pit sand. This type of
sand has rounded grains generally in white- grey colour. River sand has many uses in the construction
purpose such as plastering.

SEA SAND
Sea sand is taken from sea shore and it is generally in distinct brown colour in fine circular grains, sea
sand is avoided for the purpose construction because it contains salt which tends to absorb moisture
from atmosphere and bring dampness. Eventually cement also losses its action when mixed with sea
sand that is way it is only used for local purpose.