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MCQ On Anatomyphys. A ALL1 Output
MCQ On Anatomyphys. A ALL1 Output
( 2 )Physiology is
.the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts
.the study of how the body and its parts function
.the study of the body and its interaction with the environment
All of the above are correct
) 6 )The passing of blood through the body is part of which body function
.Growth
.Metabolism
.Responsiveness
.Movement
( 8 )Which of the following systems is involved in maintaining the boundaries of the body so
1
that the inside remains distinct from the outside
.Respiratory
.Lymphatic
.Integumentary
.Endocrine
(12 )The ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable internal condition under changing
external conditions is defined as
.negative feedback
.positive feedback
.homeostasis
.hematopoiesis
(16 )The dorsal body cavity is divided into two subdivisions. They are
.the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity
.the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity
.the cranial cavity and the thoracic cavity
.None of the above
2
( 17 )Which of the following planes would separate the cranial cavity from the thoracic cavity
.Transverse plane
.Median (midsagittal) plane
.Frontal (coronal) plane
.Sagittal plane
.( 18 )When standing in the correct anatomical position, the feet are ________ to the knees
proximal
lateral
medial
distal
19) )A group of cells of the same type form a(an)
.organ
.organism
.atom
.tissue
.organ system
( 20 )Which system complements the circulatory system and involves the spleen
.organ
.organism
.positive feedback system
.organ system
.organelle
(22 )The ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable internal environment is referred to as
.equilibrium
.homeostasis
.metabolism
.negative feedback
.positive feedback
(24 )The anatomical term meaning close to the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk is
.distal
.inferior
.lateral
.medial
.proximal
3
:( 25 )The anatomical term meaning farther from the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk is
.distal
.inferior
.lateral
.medial
.anterior
(26 )The anatomical term meaning toward the lower part of a structure is
.distal
.inferior
.lateral
.medial
.anterior
(27 )The anatomical term meaning toward the midline of the body is
.distal
.inferior
.lateral
.medial
.anterior
(28 )Growth, reproduction, and food use at the cellular level are partially controlled by hormones
released by organs from which of the following systems that also act(s) relatively slowly
.The digestive system
.The reproductive system
.The endocrine system
.The nervous system
(29 )The scientific discipline that investigates the body's structure and shape is called
.anatomy
.embryology
.endocrinology
.histology
.physiology
(32 )Which body system is most closely associated with the support and protection of the body organs
.Endocrine
.Integumentary
.Lymphatic
.Nervous
.Skeletal
4
(33 )Which of the following statements regarding homeostatic control mechanisms is/are true
.The effector is usually a type of sensor that monitors and responds to changes in the environment
Information in homeostatic control mechanisms flows from the receptor to the control center via
the efferent pathway
The control center determines the set point at which a variable is to be maintained, analyzes the
information it receives, and then determines the appropriate response or course of action
.Information flows from the control center to the effector along the afferent pathway
)34 )Which body system is most closely associated with transport and delivery
.Cardiovascular
.Integumentary
.Nervous
.Reproductive
.Respiratory
35) )Which body system is most closely associated with the production of offspring3535
.Endocrine
.Integumentary
.Lymphatic
.Nervous
.Reproductive
( 36)Which body system is most closely associated with the slow (long term) control of bodily activities
.Endocrine
.Integumentary
.Lymphatic
.Nervous
.Reproductive
(37 )Which of the following best illustrates the increasing levels of complexity
)1(Cells; (2) Organs; (3) Organelles; (4) Organism; (5) Tissues; (6) Organ systems
.6 ,5 ,4 ,3 ,2 ,1
.6 ,1 ,5 ,3 ,4 ,2
.2 ,1 ,6 ,5 ,3 ,4
.4 ,6 ,2 ,5 ,1 ,3
.4 ,6 ,2 ,3 ,5 ,1
(38 )
A transverse plane divides the body into _______ segments
.equal right and left
.right and left
.anterior and posterior
.superior and inferior
.both right and left and anterior and posterior segments
(41 )Which of the following statements regarding feedback mechanisms is/are FALSE
.Positive feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus and to push the variable
farther from its original value
.In negative feedback mechanisms, the net effect of the responses to the stimulus is to shut off the
original stimulus or reduce its intensity
".Positive feedback mechanisms control infrequent events that occur "explosively
.Blood clotting is an example of a typical negative feedback mechanism
(42 )When the body is subject to physical trauma, such as in an automobile accident, which organs
are the most vulnerable to injury (homeostatic imbalance
.Abdominal organs in the abdominal cavity
.Pelvic organs in the abdominopelvic cavity
.Heart and lungs in the thoracic cavity
.The brain in the cranial cavity
.The spinal cord within the spinal cavity
( 44 )Metabolism is
.a broad term that refers to all the chemical reactions that occur in the body
.a term that refers to the chemical reactions where larger structures are made from smaller ones
(synthesis)
.the term that refers only to the process of breaking down ingested food into simple molecules that
can then be absorbed into the blood for delivery to all body cells
.a term that refers to the chemical reactions where large molecules are broken down into smaller ones
.the ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then to react to them
)46 ( _____ The _______ is the body's slow-acting control system and acts by means of
.endocrine system; hormones
.muscular system; contraction.
.nervous system; hormones
.lymphatic system; lymphocytes and macrophages
.nervous system; electrical and chemical signals
( 47 )If you wish to make a drawing of a section through the human body that showed the heart and
both of the lungs, your section could be in which of the following planes
Frontal (coronal); (2) Transverse; (3) Sagittal )1(
.only 1
6
.only 2
.only 3
.and 2 و1
.and 3 و2
.( 48 )The right and left _______ regions flank the epigastric region and contain the lower ribs
.Epigastric
.Hypochondriac
.Iliac.
.Lumbar
.Hypogastric.
)49 )Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex
Molecules; (2) Atoms; (3) Tissues; (4) Cells; (5) Organ )1(
.5-4-3-2-1
.5-3-4-1-2
.5-4-3-1-2
.5-3-4-2-1
.1-2-3-4-5
7
)55 )Which of the following is NOT true of a sagittal plane
.A sagittal section is a cut made along the lengthwise, or longitudinal, plane of the body dividing
the body into right and left parts
.A sagittal section divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
.A midsagittal plane divides the body into equal right and left parts
.A median plane is another name for a midsagittal plane
.Both the sagittal and coronal planes represent a cut made along a lengthwise plane
(57 )Which term is defined as being close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of
a limb to the body trunk
.Superior, cranial, or cephalad
.Intermediate
.Distal
.Proximal
.Superficial
( )All materials exchanged between the blood and the cell must first pass through the ______, which
surrounds all body cells
.Plasma membrane
.Lymph
.Interstitial fluid
.Sea water
:( )All of the following statements are functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum EXCEPT
.fat metabolism
.synthesis of cholesterol
.synthesis of protein
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.detoxification
( )Which of the following organelles serve(s) as the site for ATP synthesis within a cell
.Golgi apparatus
.Peroxisomes
.Mitochondria
.Centrioles
:( )Cytokinesis is the name of the process within a cell that describes the
.division of the nucleus
.movement of the centrioles
.division of the cytoplasm
.uneven division of the nucleus
( )If you stir a tablespoon of sugar into a glass of water, the liquid which now holds the dissolved
sugar is known as the
.solution
.solute
.solvent
.somatic
( )One part of the body produces a substance to be used by another part of the body, that substance is
called a/an
.excretion
.secretion
.solution
.discretion
( )Which of the following connective tissues is characterized by a very limited blood supply
.Bone
.Adipose
.Loose areolar
.Hyaline cartilage
) )Muscle tissues are highly specialized for which of the following functions
.Contraction
.Shortening
.Protecting the body from harmful UV rays
.Contraction AND shortening
) )All exchanges between cells and the blood are made through
.other cells
.interstitial fluid
.air
.lymph
.water
) )All neurons receive and conduct _______ from one part of the body to another
.hormones
.muscle signals
.chemical messages
.electrochemical messages
.radio signals.
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( )Groups of cells that are similar in structure and function are called(
.multiple cells
.tissues
.epithelium
.connective tissue
.nervous tissue
.( )In _______, adjacent plasma membranes fuse together tightly, like a zipper
.tight junctions
.Desmosomes
.gap junctions
.Microvilli
.connexons
( )In _______, the chromosomes are aligned at the center of the spindle, midway between the
centrioles, so that a straight line of chromosomes is visible
.Prophase
.metaphase
.anaphase
.Telophase
.cytokinesis
( )In addition to replicating itself for cell division, DNA serves as the master blueprint for
.protein breakdown
.protein synthesis
.carbohydrate breakdown
.carbohydrate synthesis
.lipid synthesis
( )Most connective tissue types are well vascularized, meaning they have a rich blood supply.
Which of the following connective tissues represent an EXCEPTION
.Dense irregular connective tissues
.Tendons and ligaments
.Bone
.Blood
.Loose areolar connective tissue
( )Of the different types of muscle tissue only __ is both involuntary AND contains intercalated disc
.cardiac muscle
.visceral muscle
.skeletal muscle
.smooth muscle
.rough muscle
( )During DNA replication, each nucleotide strand serves as a _______ or set of instructions for
building a new nucleotide strand
.dictionary
.template
.nitrogenous base
.adenine-thymine base pair
.double helix
( )Solution A has triple the salt content of a normal red blood cell that is floating in solution. The
solution is _______ and the cell will_____________
.hypotonic; shrink
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.isotonic; stay the same
.hypertonic; shrink or crenate
.hypertonic; expand and explode
( )The _______ scattered in the lipid bilayer are responsible for most of the specialized functions
( )The process whereby mRNA is made from the DNA in the nucleus is called _______. The process
._______ whereby information on mRNA is "decoded" at the ribosomes in the cytoplasm is called
transcription; interpretation
translation; transcription
induction; translation
transcription; translation
transcription; identification
( )The tendency of water to move down its own concentration gradient is a characteristic of the process
called
.diffusion
.facilitated diffusion
.fluid pressure
.osmosis
.pinocytosis
( )Which of the following cell organelles have double membranes and supply most of the ATP used by
the cell
.Peroxisomes
.Mitochondria
.Cytoskeleton
.Lysosomes
.Centrioles
( )Which of the following statements does NOT describe a function of adipose tissue
.It stores fat
.It insulates the body
.It helps maintain blood pressure
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.It provides cushioning to some organs
.It protects the body from extremes of heat and cold
( )Which of the following types of epithelial tissue usually forms membranes where filtration, or
exchange of substances by diffusion, occurs
.Simple squamous
.Simple cuboidal
.Simple columnar
.Pseudostratified columnar
.Stratified squamous
( )A cell in which the chromosomes are lining up at the center of the spindle midway between the
centrioles is in which mitotic phase
.Anaphase
.Interphase
.Metaphase
.Prophase
.Telophase
( )In an area where an epithelium is subjected to considerable wear and tear, you would expect to find
.simple squamous epithelium
.transitional epithelium
.simple columnar epithelium
.stratified squamous epithelium
.simple cuboidal epithelium
( )In parts of the body, such as the urinary bladder, where considerable distension occurs, you can expect
to find
.stratified columnar epithelium
.dense fibrous connective tissue
.transitional epithelium
.elastic cartilage
.simple cuboidal epithelium
( )Passage of materials across the plasma membrane from a region of high concentration to one of lower
:concentration is termed
.diffusion
.osmosis
.pinocytosis
.phagocytosis
.vesicular transport
( )The cell consists of certain organelles capable of the removal of cell parts and even of the destruction
:of the whole cell by intracellular digestive enzyme action. These organelles are called the
.centrioles
.peroxisomes
.microfilaments
.lysosomes
.ribosomes
( )The genetic material in the "resting" (i.e. non-dividing) cell is/are termed
.chromatin
.nucleoli
.inclusions
.rRNA
.the cytoskeleton
( )The modification and packaging of proteins and their transport to the cell membrane for secretion is
:the role of the
.centrioles
.endoplasmic reticulum
.Golgi apparatus
.lysosomes
.mitochondria
15
( )The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane is termed
.dialysis
.diffusion
.osmosis
.phagocytosis
.pinocytosis
( )The organelle responsible for the power supply (i.e. ATP production) of the cell is the
.)endoplasmic reticulum (ER
.Golgi apparatus
.lysosomes
.mitochondria
.nucleus
. ( )The tissue that covers the body surfaces, lines its cavities, and forms glands is the _______ tissue
.muscle
.connective
.epithelial
.nervous
.blood
( )The uptake of liquids that contain dissolved proteins or fats into a cell occurs because of
.phagocytosis
.pinocytosis
.diffusion
.osmosis
.passive transport
( )When the centromeres divide and the chromosomes begin to migrate to opposite poles of the mitotic
spindle, the mitotic stage is called
.anaphase
.interphase
.metaphase
.prophase
.telophase
? ( )Which of the following forms the mini-circulatory system in the cytoplasm of the cell
. Chromatin
.Endoplasmic reticulum
.Golgi apparatus
.Lysosomes
16
.Ribosomes
.Peritoneum
.Pleura
.Pericardium
.Perineum
( )The protein that provides a water repellent and toughening quality to the skin is/are
.melanin
.keratin
.Fibroblasts
.collagen
?( )Which of the following may be present in a newborn but normally will disappear within a short time
.Lanugo
.Vernix caseosa
.Milia
.Acne
.Lanugo, vernix caseosa, and milia
( )Which of the following factors do NOT affect the aging and appearance of our skin as an adult
.Chemicals
.Wind and sun
.Smoking
.All of the above affect the appearance and aging of our skin
( )A mucous membrane
.lines the digestive and respiratory tracts
.lines all closed body cavities
.lacks epithelial cells
.covers the muscles
.lines the heart
:( )As cells progress from the deeper portion of the epidermis towards the surface
.they divide continually by mitosis
.their supply of nutrients improves
.they tend to die
.they divide continually by meiosis
.they become dermal cells
:( )Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light causes the skin to darken by stimulating the production of
.carotene
.keratin
.haemocyanin
.melanin
.sebum
( )Glands usually associated with the skin of the genitals and the axillary region, and which secrete fatty
:acids and proteins, are called
.apocrine glands
.arrector pili glands
.sebaceous glands
.eccrine glands
.apocrine and eccrine glands
:( )Hair, nails, and the outer layer of the skin are made mostly of a tough waterproof protein called
.Elastin
.Collagen
.Cerumen
.Keratin
:( )In the skin, arrector pili muscles are found mainly in the
.stratum basale
.stratum corneum
.stratum granulosum
.dermis
.stratum spinosum
:( )Pacinian corpuscles
.are deep pressure sensitive receptors
.are located in the very thick layers of the epidermis
.are also known as Meissner's corpuscles
.give rise to the elastic fibers in the skin layers
.contain free nerve endings for the perception of pain
19
:( )Sebaceous glands secrete
.oil
.salty sweat
.wax
.melanin
.cerumen
( )Which of the following statements regarding the significance of alterations in skin color is FALSE
.Jaundice usually signifies a liver disorder in which excess bile pigments are deposited in body
.tissues
.Bruises reveal sites where blood has escaped from the circulation and become hematomas
.Blanching (or pallor) may signify anemia, low blood pressure, allergy, or impaired blood flow into an
.area
.Erythema may indicate embarrassment, fever, inflammation, or hypertension
.None of the above statements is false
.( )Two types of glands found in the skin are the _______ and _______ glands
.pilous; sudoriferous
.sebaceous; lunula
.thymus; sebaceous
.sudoriferous; sebaceous
.sweat; basale
( )When assessing the extent of burns on the body using the rule of nines, the anterior and posterior
trunk represents about what percentage of the body
.%9
.%18
20
.%27
.%36
.%1
( )When you scratch your skin, what comes off as white flakes are mostly cells from the stratum---
.basale
.corneum
.granulosum
.lucidum
.spinosum
( )The dermis is abundantly supplied with ___, which play a role in maintaining body temperature
.homeostasis
.nerve endings
.melanocytes
.blood vessels
.lymphatic vessels.
.phagocytes.
( )The epidermis and dermis are normally firmly connected together. However, a burn or friction
may cause these layers to separate, which results in a(n
.sty
.abscess
.scratch
.blister
.pimple
._______ ( )The layer of the skin that is made of stratified squamous epithelium is called the
.epidermis
.hypodermis.
.dermis
.subcutaneous fascia
.fat layer
:( )The protein found in large amounts in the cells of the stratum corneum, the nails, and hair is
.keratin
.collagen
.melanin
.elastic fiber
.hemoglobin
( )What chronic condition is characterized by reddened epidermal lesions covered with dry, silvery scales
.Athlete's foot
.Cold sores
.Contact dermatitis
.Impetigo
.Psoriasis
( )What kind of membranes line body cavities that, except for the dorsal body cavity and joint
capsules, do not open to the outside of the body
.Cutaneous
.Mucous
.Serous
.Synovial
.Visceral
( )The bones of the skull and the ribs are classified as examples of
.flat bones
.short bones
.long bones
.irregular bones
:( )The cartilage found at the end of long bones to decrease friction at joint surfaces is called
.condylar cartilage
.synovial cartilage
.elastic cartilage
.articular cartilage
.condylar cartilage
( )Which of the cells found in osseous tissue are mature bone cells
.Osteoblasts
.Osteocytes
.Osteoprogenitors
.Mesenchyme
?( )Which of the following is the first to form when a break occurs in a bone
.Fracture hematoma
.None of the above
.Cancellous callus
.Fibrocartilage callus
:( )A fontanel
.is a hole in a fetal skull
.is a fibrous joint between bones of the fetal skull
.describes the small bones of the fetal skull
.describes the spaces between facial bones of the fetal skull
:( )Spaces found within some bones of the skull that decrease the weight of the bone are called
.meatuses
.orbits
.sinuses
.foramina
:( )A joint found at the ends of long bones that are moveable, and contains a joint cavity would be
.a synovial joint
.an epithelial joint
.an articular joint
.a synarthrotic joint
.:( )Joints can be classified in one of two ways. Functional joints are classified according to
.the amount of movement that can occur at the joint
.whether or not they contain a joint cavity
.the type of cartilage that holds them together
.whether or not the joint contains protein fibers
:( )The condition that causes a gradual weakening and decrease in bone mass is called
.osteoarthritis
.osteoporosis
.osteochondrosis
.None of the above
( )The first "long bones" that develop in a very young fetus are formed of
.reticular cartilage
.fibrous membranes
.hyaline cartilage
.spongy bone
( )In embryos, the skeleton is primarily made of _______, but in the adult, most of the skeleton is
._______
.hyaline cartilage; bone
.elastic cartilage; bone
.bone; hyaline cartilage
.fibrocartilage; bone
dense regular connective tissue; hyaline cartilage
( )Name the canals that, in dense bone, are the communication from the outside of the bone to its interior
.central canals
.Haversian canals
.Volkmann's (perforating) canals
.Central canals
.Canaliculi
.Concentric canals
26
.( )Single vertebrae are separated by _______, which cushion the vertebrae and absorb shocks
.intervertebral discs
.bony pad
.ligaments
.fatty pads
.loose areolar connective tissue
( )The _______ bones form the lateral portion of the eye orbits, are lateral to the nose, and articulate
with the maxillae
.zygomatic bones
.palatine bones
.maxillae
.lacrimal bones
.inferior conchae
?( )Which of the following statements regarding bone formation, growth, and remodeling is/are false
.Bones are remodeled continually in response to changes in blood calcium levels and the pull of
.gravity and muscles on the skeleton
.When blood calcium levels drop below homeostatic levels, the parathyroid glands release PTH, a
.hormone which activates osteoblasts in bones
.The process by which bones increase in diameter is called appositional growth, a process of long-bone
.growth that is controlled by growth hormone and, during puberty, by the sex hormones
.Except for flat bones that form on fibrous membranes, most bones develop using hyaline cartilage
".structures as their "models
( )The ___ bone is inferior to the mandible, superior to the larynx and does not articulate directly with
any other bone
.maxillary bone
.palatine
.hyoid
.vomer
.inferior concha
:( )The coronoid process, olecranon process and trochlear notch are all found on the
.humerus
.radius
.fibula
.ulna
.femur
( )The spinal curvatures in the _______ and _______ regions are referred to as primary curvatures
.because they are present when we are born
.cervical; thoracic
.thoracic; sacral
.thoracic; lumbar.
.cervical; sacral
.cervical; lumbar
( )Which bone contains a neck, the greater trochanter and gluteal tuberosity
.Tibia
.Femur
.Radius
.Humerus
.Fibula
( )Which of the following bones has an acromion process and a coracoid process
.Scapula
.Clavicle
.Humerus
.Mandible
.Sternum
( )In an osteon, bone cells are arranged in concentric circles around longitudinal tubes called
.marrow cavities
.Volkmann's canals
.Haversian canals
.canaliculi
.lacunae
:( )Tissues that contain a blood supply, lacunae and canaliculi, are known as
.hyaline cartilage
.elastic cartilage
.fibrocartilage
.bone tissue
.dense (fibrous) connective tissue
.( )The bones that make up the forehead are known as the ______ bones
.frontal
.maxillary
Parietal.
.temporal
.zygomatic
:( )The cell type that is responsible for basic bone formation is the
.chondrocyte
29
.fibroblast
.osteoblast
.osteoclast
.osteocyte
:( )The functional cell type that is found in mature compact bone is the
.mast cell
.macrophage cell
.osteocyte
.chondrocyte
.fibroblast
:( )The joint between the parietal bones and the occipital bone is called the
.lambdoid suture
.squamous suture
.coronal suture
.fontanel
.sagittal suture
.( )The sagittal suture is located between the _______ and _______ bones
.frontal; parietal
.left parietal; right parietal.
.temporal; occipital.
.parietal; temporal
.parietal; occipital
( )The metacarpophalangeal joints are examples of which type of synovial joint, based on shape
.Plane joint
.Condyloid joint
.Pivot joints
.Saddle joint
.Hinge joint
31
( )Which of the following is NOT a function of muscle tissue
.To produce movement
.Creation of action potentials
.Generation of heat
.Balance, support and posture
.( )The alternating dark ________ and light __________ give the muscle fiber its striated appearance
.M line; H zone
.H zone; A band
.Z disc; M line
( )What are the two myofilaments that slide past one another to allow muscle cells to contract
.Myosin and collagen
.Actin and myosin
.Actin and troponin
.Myosin and ATPase
:( )During exercise, if there are sufficient oxygen molecules available in the muscle tissue
.glucose is converted to pyruvic acid and then to yeast, alcohol, carbon dioxide, heat, and ATP
.glucose is converted to pyruvic acid and then to water, carbon dioxide, and ATP
.glucose is converted to pyruvic acid and then to water, carbon dioxide, and heat
.glucose is converted to pyruvic acid and then to lactic acid, releasing ATP
( )If one executes biceps curls, the contraction of the biceps brachii would produce the movement
considered as
.flexion
.extension
.adduction
.abduction
( )Leg adductors
.move legs laterally
.move legs anteriorly
.move legs medially
.none of the available choices
( )The anatomical term for a muscle cell, in skeletal and smooth muscle tissues, is
.sarcomere
.myofilament
.sarcolemma
.myofibril
.muscle fiber
:( )An aponeurosis
.is a collection of muscle fibers surrounded by a perimysium
.is a collection of muscle fibers surrounded by an epimysium
.is a flat, sheet-like connective tissue which attaches a muscle indirectly to cartilage
.is the tissue covering a bundle of nerve fibers
.is the tissue bed through which a nerve passes
: ( )A tissue with striations and many flattened nuclei under the plasma membrane would be called
.cardiac muscle
.visceral muscle
.skeletal muscle
.smooth muscle
:( )In a skeletal muscle fiber, the sarcomere is a repetitive unit that consists of the region between the
.I-bands
.A-bands
.H-zones
.Z-lines
.M-lines
) )The proximal femur is the site of insertion for which of the following muscle(s)
.Sartorius
.Adductor muscles
.Quadriceps group
.Tibialis anterior
:( )The bending or movement of a limb towards the midline of the body is known as
.flexion
.extension
.abduction
.adduction
.pronation
:( )The energy source that is directly responsible for muscle fiber contraction is
.glucose
.glycogen
.ADP
.lactic acid
.ATP
:( )The muscle whose action is dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot is the
.biceps femoris
.sartorius
.rectus femoris
.tibialis anterior
.peroneus muscles
:( )The muscle that is mainly responsible for a particular movement is known as the
.synergist
.pronator
35
.fixator
.antagonist
.prime mover
( )Which of the following can best be used to distinguish cardiac muscle from smooth muscle
.Cardiac muscle is involuntary
.Cardiac muscle, unlike smooth muscle, has peripheral nuclei
.Cardiac muscle has a single nucleus, smooth muscle has peripheral nuclei
.It is striated
( )The "all-or-none" property of muscles is a phenomenon that occurs on the _____ level
.cellular
.tissue
.organ
.groups of muscles
Sarcomere
.gluteus maximus
.quadriceps group
.hamstring group
.sartorius
.gastrocnemius
( )What is the specific neurotransmitter that is released by motor neurons and stimulates skeletal muscle
.Endomysium
.Epinephrine
.)Acetylcholine (Ach
.Dopamine
.GABA
( )When several muscles are contracting at the same time, the muscle that has the major responsibility
for causing a particular movement is called the
.synergist
.prime mover
.fixator
.antagonist
.helper muscle
( )Which of the following statements is true regarding the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
.Its insertion is on the second and third metacarpals
37
.Its primary actions are to flex the wrist and adduct the hand
.Its insertion is on the olecranon process of the ulna
.Its primary actions are to flex the wrist and abduct the hand
( )Which of the following is the only muscle type that is nonstriated and involuntary
.Cardiac
.Smooth
.Epimysium
.Skeletal
.Muscle fiber
( )Which of the following refers to one neuron and all the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates
.Neuromuscular junction
.Synaptic cleft
.Motor unit
.Muscle fiber
.Irritability and contractility
( )Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding energy generation for muscle contraction
.One of the pathways for ATP regeneration is direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine
phosphate
.Anaerobic glycolysis is not an energy source for muscle contraction
.At rest and during light exercise, ATP is regenerated almost entirely by metabolic pathways that use
.oxygen
.Aerobic respiration refers to metabolic pathways that use oxygen
.The initial steps of glucose breakdown occur via a pathway called glycolysis, which does not use
oxygen, and is an anaerobic part of the metabolic pathway
( )Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding muscle attachments and body movements
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.The point of attachment of a muscle to the immovable, or less movable, bone is called the origin
.Flexion is a movement that generally occurs in the sagittal plane and decreases the angle of the joint,
.bringing the two bones closer together
.Abduction is movement away from the body, which occurs in the coronal plane
.When the foot is dorsiflexed, the foot is flat on the ground
In circumduction of the arm, the distal end of the limb describes a cone
MCQ on NERVOUS SYSTEM
) )The peripheral nervous system includes
.receptors and nerves
.the cranial and spinal nerves
.the spinal cord and spinal nerves
.the brain and cranial nerves
( )Which of the following are spiderlike phagocytes that dispose of debris, including dead brain cells
and bacteria
.Oligodendrocytes
.Ependymal cells
.Astrocytes
.Microglia
) )Which of the following is FALSE concerning the divisions of the nervous system
.Afferent neurons carry information from the CNS
.Afferent neurons are also called sensory
.Efferent neurons carry information to effectors
.Efferent neurons are also called motor
.the neural pathway followed by rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli
.the movement a person exhibits when stimulated
.a quick response to a stimulus
.None of the available answers
( )In which of the following neuronal states does the inward rush of sodium through gated ion
channels change the polarity of the neuron's membrane at that site
.Repolarization
.Depolarization
.Hyperpolarization
.Resting membrane potential
( )What is the term for bundles of fibers (neuron processes or axons) in the central nervous system
.Tracts
.Nuclei
.Nerves
.Ganglia
( )The external face of a resting membrane is slightly ____, and its internal face is slightly ____. The
chief extracellular ion is ____; whereas, the chief intracellular ion is ____. The membrane is relatively
impermeable to both ions
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. positive, negative, potassium (K+), sodium (Na)
.negative, positive, sodium (Na+), potassium (K)
.negative, positive, potassium (K+), sodium (Na)
.positive, negative, sodium (Na+), potassium (K)
( )Which structure makes up the floor of the diencephalon and is an important autonomic nervous
system center, which plays a role in the regulation of temperature, water balance, and metabolism
.Pituitary gland
.Mammillary body
.Hypothalamus
.Hippocampus
( )What is the name of the tight band of projection fibers that passes between the thalamus and
the basal nuclei (ganglia)
.Fornix
.Corpus callosum
.Anterior commissure
.Internal capsule
( )What is the term for a nerve that contains both afferent and efferent neurons
.Mixed
.Dual
.Sensory
.Motor
( )Which cranial nerve supplies motor fibers to the lateral rectus, which moves the eye laterally
.Trigeminal (N V)
.Abducens (N VI)
.Optic (N II)
.Oculomotor (N III)
( )Which is the only cranial nerve that leaves the face and neck region and travels down to the
heart, lungs, and stomach
.X
.XI
.IX
.XII
( )Why a mother who smokes may be predisposing her infant to possible brain damage
.Because smoking decreases the amount of oxygen that can be carried in the blood
.Because smoking increases the amount of carbon dioxide that can be carried in the blood
.Because smoking increases the amount of nitrogen that can be carried in the blood
.Because smoking increases the amount of oxygen that can be carried in the blood
( )A neuron cannot conduct another impulse until which of the following occurs
.Depolarization
.Repolarization
.Action potential
.A graded potential
.A nerve impulse
( )Besides the accessory (XI), which pair of cranial nerves extends beyond the head and neck
.Facial (VII)
.Vagus (X)
.Oculomotor (III)
.Trigeminal (V)
.Hypoglossal (XII)
( )The _______ area that allows us to consciously move our skeletal muscles is anterior to the
central sulcus in the _______ lobe
.somatic sensory; frontal
.primary motor; parietal
.primary motor; temporal.
.primary motor; frontal lobe.
.somatic sensory; parietal
) )The _______ area is located posterior to the central sulcus in the _______ lobe
.autonomic; temporal
.primary somatic sensory; parietal.
.primary somatic sensory; temporal
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.voluntary motor; occipital
.autonomic; parietal
( )The cell bodies of sensory neurons whose fibers enter the cord are found in the
.ventral root
.autonomic ganglia
.ventral root ganglion
.basal nuclei
.dorsal root ganglion
( )The motor divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), sympathetic and parasympathetic,
are characterized by a two-neuron chain. The pre-ganglionic neuron cell body is found in the _______
_______ and the postganglionic neuron cell body is found in the_________________
.cerebellum; in ganglia in the PNS
.central nervous system; in ganglia in the PNS
.peripheral nervous system; in nuclei in the CNS.
.cerebral cortex; in ganglia in the PNS
.spinal cord only; in ganglia in the PNS
( )The three connective tissue membranes covering and protecting CNS structures are collectively
. known as the _______. The _______ is the outermost, leathery layer
.periosteum; dura mater
.meninges; arachnoid.
.meninges; dura mater
.endosteum; pia mater
.meninges; pia mater.
( )What structure detects the amount of stretch or tension in skeletal muscles, tendons, and joints
.Cutaneous receptors
.Proprioceptors
.Heat receptors
.Pain receptors
.Pressure receptors
:( )The deep groove that separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum is called the
.thalamus
.longitudinal fissure
.pons
.cerebellum
.central sulcus
( )Which of the following is NOT a factor which determines the speed of nerve impulse conduction
.Temperature
.Pressure
.Presence of myelin
.Thickness of the axon
.Stimulus strength
( )Which of the following substances is/are NOT prevented from entering brain tissue due to the
tight junctions that form the blood-brain barrier
.Nonessential amino acids
.Proteins
.Essential amino acids
.Urea
.Potassium ions
( )The preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)
are located in the brain nuclei of which cranial nerves
.III, VII, IX, X
.VI, VII, VIII, IX
.VII, VIII, IX, X
.III, VI, VII, IX
.III, IX, X, XI
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: ( )A neurotransmitter is released from the
.synaptic cleft
.presynaptic terminal
.postsynaptic terminal
.synaptic bridge
.dendrite
( )An action potential: i) occurs when the local potential reaches threshold. ii) obeys the all-or-none
rule. iii) proceeds with constant magnitude from one point to another. iv) is characterized by a series of
.depolarizations/repolarizations along the membrane
.All of (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) above are correct
.Only (i), (ii), and (iii) above are correct
.Only (i) and (iii) above are correct
.Only (ii) and (iv) above are correct
.Only (iv) above is correct
( )Which of the following statements regarding the brain stem is/are FALSE
.The neurons of the reticular formation are involved in motor control of the visceral organ
.The pons, a rounded structure that protrudes just below the midbrain, has important nuclei involved
in the control of breathing
.The medulla oblongata, in addition to containing many nuclei that regulate vital visceral activities,
plays a role in consciousness and the awake/sleep cycles
.The corpora quadrigemina, located dorsally, are four rounded protrusions that are nuclei, which
are reflex centers involved with vision and hearing
.C and D
:( )Between successive Schwann cells, there are gaps in the myelin sheath called
.Nissl granules
.axon hillocks
.nerve cell bodies
.axons
.nodes of Ranvier
.axon
.dendrite
.nephron
.neuron
.neuron cell body
( )Which of the following cranial nerves supplies motor fibers to the pharynx that promote
swallowing and saliva production; and carries sensory impulses from taste buds of the posterior
tongue and from pressure receptors of the carotid artery
.Vagus nerve (N X)
.Hypoglossal nerve (N XII)
.Facial nerve (N VII(
.Trigeminal nerve (N V)
.Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
( )Which of the following statements regarding the nerve impulse is/are TRUE
.During repolarization, sodium ions diffuse rapidly into the cell
If a stimulus is strong enough, hyperpolarization causes membrane polarity to be completely reversed,
and an action potential is initiated
.The external face of the resting membrane is slightly negative, and its internal face is slightly positive
.A stimulus changes the permeability of a "patch" of the membrane, and sodium ions (Na+) diffuse
rapidly into the cell
.Ionic conditions are restored after repolarization by the actions of the sodium-potassium (Na+-K+)
pump, whereby two Na+ ions are ejected for every three K+ ions carried back into the cell
( )The brain structure that functions in water balance, appetite, and regulating body temperature, is the
.cerebral cortex
.cerebellum
45
.hypothalamus
.medulla oblongata
.thalamus
:( )The region of the brain that regulates heart rate is located in the
.cerebellum
.cerebrum
.medulla oblongata
.superior colliculi
.pons
( )The tightly packed coil of the Schwann cell plasma membranes that encircles certain kinds of
axons is termed the
.myelin sheath
.neurolemma
.node of Ranvier
.Nissl granules
.ependymal cells
( )Which of the following structures is last to be stimulated when the structures are arranged in
order, beginning with a sound stimulus
.Hair cells
.Tectorial membrane
.Ossicles
.Tympanic membrane
( )A delicate membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the part of the outer surface of the
:eyeball is called the
.lacrimal gland
.cornea
.conjunctiva
.retina
.choroid
( )The conduction of a sound vibration from the middle ear to the inner ear is created by the
vibration of the
.malleus against the tympanic membrane
.stapes in the oval window
.incus in the round window
.stapes in the round window
.stapes against the tympanic membrane
( )The outer white layer of the eyeball that is also called the fibrous tunic is the
.ciliary body
.iris
.Retina
.Choroi.
.sclera
) )The sensory hair cells of the organ of Corti are located on the
.tectorial membrane
.vestibular membrane
.tympanic membrane
.basilar membrane
.vestibule
( )The specific ear structure responsible for providing constant information of head position (static
equilibrium) is/are the
.crista ampullaris
.organ of Corti
.maculae
.semicircular canals
.cupula
( )The structure that is connected to the stapes and allows the transduction of sound waves
:to the organ of Corti is the
.seminiferous tubule
.round window
.oval window
.mastoid sinus
.auditory tube
) )When a bright light shines in the eye, what reflex response takes place
49
.Ciliary bodies secrete tears
.Extrinsic eye muscles contract
.Radial muscles of the iris contract
.Ciliary muscles contract
.Circular muscles of the iris contract
) )Where are the taste buds located that are the most sensitive to sour substances
.At the tip of the tongue
.At the sides of the tip of the tongue
.On the posterior lateral edges of the tongue
.All over the surface of the tongue
the outer surface of the eyeball
( )A delicate membrane, the _______ lines the eyelids and covers part of the eyeball. It ends at the edge
of the _______ by fusing with its epithelium
.endothelium; cornea
.conjunctiva; cornea
.conjunctiva; ciliary glands
.arachnoid; cornea
.conjunctiva; lacrimal apparatus
( )By age 60, a gradual deterioration and atrophy of the organ of Corti leads to loss in the ability to
hear high tones and speech sounds. The condition is called
.presbyopia
.hyperopia
.presbycusis
.emmetropia
.otitis media
( )Electrical signals pass from the photoreceptors via a two-neuron chain: They pass from
_______ cells to _______ cells before leaving the retina via the optic nerve
.tripolar; rods
.bipolar; ganglion
.ganglion; bipolar
.cones; ganglion cells
.bipolar; stellate cells
( )In which serious pathology of the inner ear do affected individuals become nauseated, and have
vertigo so severe that they cannot stand up
.Otitis media
.Conjunctivitis
.Sensorineural deafness
.Rhinitis
.Ménière's syndrome
( )The term for nearsightedness is called _______ and the term for farsightedness is called _____
.myopia; hyperopia
.hyperopia; myopia
.hemianopia; hyperopia
50
.myopia; emmetropia
.presbyopia; hyperopia
( )Rods and cones are distributed over the entire retina except for the
.optic disc
.choroid
.ora serrata
.sclera
.lens
( )Which cranial nerves carry taste impulses from the various taste buds to the gustatory cortex
.Facial; glossopharyngeal; vagus
.Vagus; glossopharyngeal; trigeminal
.Facial; vestibulocochlear; glossopharyngeal
.Vagus; accessory; hypoglossal
.Facial; glossopharyngeal; hypoglossal
( )The division of cranial nerve VIII carrying information from the maculae and crista is the _______
branch
.optic
.cochlear
.vestibular
.olfactory
.oculomotor
( )The maculae of the vestibule record _______ while the crista of the semicircular ducts record
.light equilibrium, heavy equilibrium
.static equilibrium, dynamic equilibrium
.dynamic equilibrium, static equilibrium
.flexion, extension
.high balance, low balance
:( )The only special sense which is NOT functional when the child is born is
.hearing
.taste
.vision
.smell
.balance
51
.( )The receptors for ________ and _______ are classified as chemoreceptors
.taste; smell
.sight; smell
.pain; pressure
.proprioception; pain
.smell; hearing
( )What is the ability of the eye to focus specifically on close objects (those less than 20-
feet away)
.Adaptation
.Accommodation
.Refraction
.Indentation
.Synthesis
( )What part of the retina contains only cones and is the area of greatest visual acuity
.Ciliary body
.Ora serrata
.Fovea centralis
.Optic disc
.Iris
( )When the eyes are suddenly exposed to bright light, the pupils immediately constrict. This is
called the
.accommodation pupillary reflex
.stretch reflex
.nociceptor reflex
.photopupillary reflex
.crossed-extensor reflex
( )When there is degeneration or damage to the receptor cells in the organ of Corti, to the
:cochlear nerve, or to neurons of the auditory cortex, the condition is called
.infusion deafness
.sensorineural deafness
.temporal deafness
.conduction deafness
.direct deafness
( )Within the membranous labyrinth of the cochlea is the primary organ of hearing. It is called the
._______ and contains the hair cells associated with hearing
.organ of balance
.semicircular canal
.cochlea
.tympanic membrane
.organ of Corti
52
) )Amino acid-based hormones exert their effects through
.directly targeting a cell's DNA
.Ion fluctuation
.Membrane permeability
.Second messenger system cascades
( )Chemicals which are secreted into extracellular fluid, travel through the bloodstream,
:and regulate metabolic function of target cells are known as
.hormones
.Antibodies
.Enzymes
.Antibiotics
( )Which hormone causes ovulation in women and stimulates the ovary to secrete progesterone
.Prolactin
.Estrogen
.Luteinizing hormone
.)Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH
( )Which hormone controls water balance by causing uptake of sodium ions, followed by water
reabsorption in the kidneys
.Antidiuretic hormone
.Aldosterone
.Calcitonin
.Oxytocin
53
( )How many hormones does the posterior pituitary store and release into the bloodstream
.4
.1
.3
.2
( )Which hormone(s) is/are responsible for preparing the breasts for lactation
.Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG
.Progesterone
.)Human placental lactogen (hPL
.Both progesterone and hPL
( )In general, which of the following statements about our endocrine system is true as we age
.Our bodies tend to make more hormones as we age
.Aging has no effect on our endocrine system
.Target tissues tend to rapidly multiply as we grow older
.As we get older, glands make fewer hormones, or their release is less reliable
.ovaries
.testes
.hypothalamus
.islets of Langerhans
54
( )One of the two hormones made by the pituitary that help regulate reproductive cells is
._______ luteinizing hormone. The other hormone is
.Androgens
.follicle stimulating hormone
.epinephrine
.norepinephrine
( )Each of the following is classified as a mixed gland, having both exocrine and endocrine
:functions, EXCEPT the
.ovary
.Testes
.Pancreas
.Adrenal gland
( )Failure of the pituitary to stop producing growth hormone (GH) after body growth is completed
results in
.gigantism
.tetany
.kidney failure
.acromegaly
( )Name the gland that is located at the base of the throat, just inferior to the laryngeal prominence
."("Adam's apple)
.Pituitary
.Pineal gland
.Hypothalamus
.Thyroid
( )Nervousness, increased body temperature, and increased blood pressure are indications of
diabetes mellitus
.hypoglycemia
.hypothyroidism
.hyperthyroidism
( )The secretions from which of these glands differs between males and females
.Adrenal
.Parathyroid
.Gonadal
.Pancreas
) )The two regulatory systems of the body are the endocrine system and the
.nervous system
.immune system
.circulatory system
.respiratory system
.skeletal system
( )Why can a single endocrine hormone produce a wider spread of responses in the body than a
single nerve cell
.A single hormone can target many different responses, whereas a nerve targets a single response
56
.Blood can carry all of the same hormones throughout the body simultaneously, producing
responses all over the body; nerve cells only target a small number of cells
.Nerve cells and blood work together,endocrine system has nothing to do with the nervous system
.Endocrine hormones only target a very small number of precise responses
) )Glucagon is secreted by
.the alpha cells of the kidneys
.the alpha cells of the pancreas
.the liver
.the pituitary gland
( )Regarding hormones produced by organs other than the major endocrine organs, which
of the following statements is/are FALSE
.Gastrin, a peptide, is produced by the stomach
.Food stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate-rich, as well as enzyme-rich, juices
.Prostaglandin molecules, derived from fatty acid molecules, are produced by the plasma
membranes of virtually all body cells
.Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a stimulus for the intestine to begin active transport of dietary
potassium across intestinal cell membranes
) )The clusters of cells in the pancreas that produce hormones are the
.nodules
.islets of Langerhans
.pancreatic medulla
.pancreatic cortex
( )Which hormone is produced by the pituitary gland, whose target tissue is the mammary
?gland
.Follicle-stimulating hormone
.Luteinizing hormone
.Prolactin
.Thyroid hormone
) )The hormone that stimulates the contraction of smooth muscle in the uterus is
.oxytocin
.luteinizing hormone
.follicle-stimulating hormone
.prolactin
( )The hormones of the pituitary gland reach their target cells through the
.bloodstream
.parasympathetic nervous system
.sympathetic nervous system
.neurosecretory cells
58
) )The posterior pituitary stores and releases
.growth hormone and prolactin
.prolactin and oxytocin
.oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
.ADH and growth hormone
.Credits:
)Faculty of nursing, university of gaza
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