Structural Design Analysis

MATERIALS SPECIFICATION:
Concrete compressive Strength,
fc' = 3,000.00 psi
20.68 MPA (M20)
Steel Yield Strength,
Fy = 40,000 ksi
275 MPA (Grade 40)

DESIGN LOAD
Soil bearing = 200 KPA
3 3
Concrete Density = 25.00 KN/m ( 23.00 KN/m - unreinforced )
3
Wood Parts = 0.50 KPa ( 25.00 KN/m - reinforced )
LL on Roof = 0.60 KPa
LL on Floor = 1.90 KPa
Floor finish = 1.00 KPa
Terrace water proofing = 0.80 KPa

All Structural Design and Specifications are be in the accordance with the following codes
1.. National Structural Code of the Philippines NSCP 2010
2.. American Concrete Institute ACI
3.. American Institute of Steel Construction AISC 9th Edition

COMPUTATION OF LOADINGS:
Computation:
1. Load from roof
LL = - 0.60 = 0.60 Kpa
DL = - 0.71 = 0.71 Kpa
Factored Load Total = 1.20 0.71 + 1.60 0.60
Factored Load Total = 1.812 Kpa

2. Load of walls,
depth of beam = 0.30 mtrs.
Ht. of wall = 3.00 - depth of the beam
self wt. of wall, DL = 0.10 2.70 23.00
Total = 6.21 KN/m
Factored Load Total = 1.2 6.21 KN/m
Factored Load Total = 7.45 KN/m

4. Load for beam (primary & secondary)

Self-wt. of beam (beam -1), DL = 0.20 0.30 25.00 = 1.50 KN/m
Self-wt. of beam (beam - 2), DL = 0.15 0.30 25.00 = 1.13 KN/m
Self-wt. of beam (tie & roof beam), DL = 0.20 0.30 25.00 = 1.50 KN/m
girder beam -2 Factored Load Total = 1.80 KN/m
girder beam -1 Factored Load Total = 1.35 KN/m
tie & roof beam Factored Load Total = 1.80 KN/m

A. Total Load From 2nd flr to Ground flr.

roof load = 1.812 2.25 1.35 = 5.50 KN
floor load = 2.500 2.25 1.35 = 7.59 KN
girder/beam -1 = 1.80 3.60 = 6.48 KN
roof beam = 1.80 3.60 = 6.48 KN
Walls, Primary = 7.45 3.60 1.00 = 26.83 KN
Total = 52.88 KN
B. Total Load From Ground flr to Plinth
Total = 52.88 KN

C. Total Load Plinth beam & footing ( no walls, plinth beam – only primary beam)
Tie beam = 1.80 7.68
Tie beam = 13.82 KN
Column load = 0.20 0.20 (total ht.of column) 25.00
= 0.20 0.20 4.20 25.00
Column load = 4.20 KN

Total = 18.02 KN
Total load + from above structure = 105.77 KN
Total = 123.78 KN

Page 1 Structural Analysis - Aprijan

I. DESIGN OF COLUMN
Used the above load assumptions;
A. Total Load of the most stressed column, C - 2
Pu = ultimate axial capacity
Pn = Nominal axial capacity
Φ = 0.65 (tied column)
= 0.75 (Spiral column)
Ag = Gross concrete Area
Ast = Area of steel reinforcement, assume, Ast = = 3.0% of Ag
Pu = ultimate axial capacity
Pu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL
Pu = ΦPn
Pu = 0.65(0.80) [0.85f’c (Ag – Ast ) + fy Ast ]
(where Φ = 0.65 (same value for 2001 & 2010 NSCP)
123.78 x 1000 = 0.65(0.80) [0.85(20.68) (Ag – 0.03Ag) + 275 (0.03Ag) ]
Ag = 9,407.46 mm2 < assume (OK)

Rebars:
Ast = 3.0% Ag
Ast = 0.030 0.20 0.20
2
Ast = 1,200.00 mm
use 16 mm (As = 201.00 )
1,200.00
N = = 5.97 say 6.00 -16mm dia.
201

Max. spacing of ties:

a. 16db = 256 mm
b. 48 (tie dia.) = 480 mm
c. least dimension of column = 200 mm < plan (safe)

Therefore the column (0.20 x 0.20)R.C Column with 6 - 16mm dia. rebars with 10mm dia. lateral ties @ 200 mm with C- ties spacing
on center are safe.

II. DESIGN OF BEAM

Used the above load assumptions;
A. Total Load of the longest beam, 2 - AC
Floor Load = 2.50 2.25 = 5.63 KN/m L = 4.00 mtrs.
girder beam -1 = 1.80 = 1.80 KN/m L = 4.00 mtrs.
Total = 7.43 KN/m

girder beam -1 = 1.35 = 1.35 KN/m L = 4.00 mtrs.

Total = 1.35 KN/m

Total Factored Load -1 = 7.43 KN/m Total Factored Load -2 = 1.35 KN/m

External Moment Due to loads External Moment Due to loads

WL 2 WL 2
Muex = Muex =
8 8
Muex = 7.43 (4)^2 Muex = 1.35 (4)^2
8 8
Muex = 14.85 KN.m Muex = 2.70 KN.m

Total Muex = 17.55 KN.m

Step 1 : Assume both tension and compression steel yields (i.e. fs = fy& fs' = fy )

π 2
As' = (2) 16
4
As' = 402.12 mm 2

π 2
As = (4) 16
4
As = 804.25 mm 2

Page 2 Structural Analysis - Aprijan

 T = Cs + Cc
Asfy = As' fy + 0.85fc'ab

804.25 275 = 402.12 275 + 3,516.32 a

a = 31.45 mm
a = βc

31.45
c = = 37.00 mm
0.85

Check fs :
600 ( 300 - 37)
fs =
37.00
fs = 4,265.04 >> fy = 275 Mpa
fs > fy : Tension Steel Yields (assumption is correct)

Check fs' :
600 ( c - d')
fs' =
c
fs' = - 373.01 < fy = 275 Mpa
fs' < fy : Compression Steel does not yield (assumption is wrong)

RETURN TO STEP 1
Assume tension steel yields , fs = fy
Assume compression steel does not yields, fs' = 600 Mpa

600 ( c - d')
fs' =
c

Asfy = As' fs' + 0.85fc'ab

600 ( c - 60)
804.25 275.00 = 402.12 + 3,516.32 0.85c
c
c = 66.31 mm

Check fs :
600 ( d - c)
fs =
c
600 ( 300 - 66.31)
fs =
66.31
fs = 2,114.52 >> fy = 275 Mpa
fs > fy : very much greater than fy. Tension Steel Yields (assumption is correct)

Check fs' :
600 ( c - d')
fs' =
c
600 ( 66.31 - 60)
fs =
66.31
fs' = 57.10 < fy = 275 Mpa
fs' < fy : Compression Steel does not yield (assumption is correct)

Page 3 Structural Analysis - Aprijan

 a = 0.85c
a = 0.85 66.31
a = 56.36 mm
d = 300 mm

Cs = As' fs' = 804.25 57.10 = 45,919.00 N

Cc = 0.85 fc' a b
Cc = 0.85 20.68 56.36 200.00
Cc = 198,192.09 N

Mn = Cs (d - d' ) + Cc ( d - a/2)
Mn = 45,919.00 240.00 + 198,192.09 271.82
Mn = 64.89 KN.m

Mu cap = ɸ Mn
Mu cap = 0.90 64.89
Mu cap = 58.40 KN.m > Muex = 17.55 KN.m

,since Mu cap > Mu ext. = The design of the beam can carry the loads as Doubly Reinforced Beam

use 16 mm (As = 201 )

1,206.37
N = = 6.00 say 6.00 -16mm dia.
201

Therefore Use (0.20 x 0.30) R.C Beam with 6-16mm dia. Reinforcement bars with 10mm dia. stirrups. Spaced @ 200mm O.C

III. DESIGN OF STEEL TRUSS

Solution :
Roofing Materials = Corr. G.I Shts.
Spacing of purlins = 0.70 m

Max. space bet. Trusses = 5.59 m

Tributary Area = 0.70 5.59
= 3.91 m²

Weight of steel = 3.91 78.50 kn/m^3

= 307.17 KN/m

V = 307.17 / 2.00
V = 153.59 KN

M = 307.17 3.91
8
M = 150.24 KN.m

Sec. modulosrequired :
3.91 1,000,000.00
= = 2,027.46 mm²
1,930.00

For Shear Test :

3 153.59 1,000.00
V =
2 50.00 150.00
V = 30.71705 MPA
V = 75.75 Mpa ˃ 30.72 Mpa (OK) Safe

Therefore Use:
3 - 2” x 2” x 1/4"thk Angular bar for top, bottom chord
2 - 1 1/2” x 1 1/2” x 1/4"thk Angular bar for web members
2” x 4” x 1/4"thk C-Purlins

Page 4 Structural Analysis - Aprijan

III. DESIGN OF SLAB
A. Compute DL of slabs = 0.10 25 = 2.5 Kn/m2
LL = 1.90 = 1.90 Kpa
Floor finish = 1.00 = 1.00 Kpa
Total = 3.50 Kpa
Factored Load Total = 1.20 3.50 + 1.60 1.90
Factored Load Total = 7.240 Kpa

Assume:
Longer span ,La = 2.7 m
Shorter span ,Lb = 2.25 m

La 2.70
L = = = 1.20 < 2.0 therefore use Two - way slab
Lb 2.25

Use 12 mm dia. Rebars

3.1416 (10)²
Ab = = 113.10 mm2
4
As = 0.00284 (1000)(100) = 284.00
Req. s = 1000(113.10)
= 398.23 say 200.00 mm
284.00
Max. Spacing S = 3(100) = 300 mm

Therefore Use 12mm @ 0.20m top bars @ continuous edge in short direction and discontinuous edge in long direction.

IV. DESIGN OF FOOTING

Assume:
Soil Bearing capacity, SBC = 200 KPA
Axial load of Column, Pu = 123.78 KN

Pu = 1.10 123.78 KN
Pu = 136.16 KN
10% of Load +Load
A =
SBC
136.16
A = = 0.68 m2
200
L = 0.83 say 1.00 mtrs. (Square Footing - safe)

Pu 136.16
qu = = = 136.16 KPA or 0.13616 Mpa
Area ftg. 1.0(1.0)

A. Depth Base on Wide – beam shear (d is in mm) :

d = 250 - 50 - 8
d = 192 mm
d = 0.192 m

x = 1/2 (1.0 - 0.20) - d

x = 0.21 m

Vu = qu x (1.0) ( 0.21 )
Vu = 136.16 (1.0) (0.21 KN
Vu = 28.32 KN

Vc = 0.17 λ √f'c bw d
Vc = 0.17 (1) √20.68 (1000) (d)

Vu = ΦVc ; Φ=0.75 2010 NSCP

0.13616 (1000) (210) = 0.75(0.17) (1) √20.68 (1000) (d)
d = 46.57 mm

B. Depth Base on Punching shear (d is in m) :

x1 = 0.20 + d
x1 = 0.20 + 0.19
x1 = 0.39 m

x2 = 0.20 + d
x2 = 0.20 + 0.19
x2 = 0.39 m

Page 5 Structural Analysis - Aprijan

 Bo = [2 x (0.20 + d)] + [2 x (0.20 + d)] meters
Vu = qu x area
Vu = qu [ (1)2 – (0.39 x 0.39)]
2
Vu = 136.16 [ (1.0) – (0.39 x 0.39)]
Vu = 115.24 KN

Vc = 1/3λ √f'c bo d
Vc = [ 1/3 (1) √20.68] x {[2 x (0.20 + 0.190)] + [2 x (0.20 + 0.190)] d}
Vu = ΦVc ; Φ=0.75 2010 NSCP
136.16 [ (1.0)2 – (0.39 x 0.39)] = 0.75 x [ 1/3 (1) √20.68] x {[2 x (0.20 + 0.190)] + [2 x (0.20 + 0.190)] d}
115,239.89 = 1.14 1,568.00 d
d = 64.64 mm (governs)
Total Depth, Hc = d + 1.5db +75
Hc = 64.64 + 1.5 (16)+75
Hc = 163.64 mm say 250 mm (OK)

C. Moment:

x = 0.5 ( 1.00 - 0.20 )

x = 0.40 m

Use d = 88.64 mm

qu bw x^2 136.16 (1.0)(〖0.400)〗^2

Mu = =
2 2
Mu = 10.89 KN.m

Mu = ΦMn
10.89 (10)^6 = 0.90Rn ( 1,000 ) ( 88.64 )^2
Rn = 1.54 Mpa

P = (0.85 f'c)/fy [ 1 - √((1)-(2 Rn)/(0.85f^' c))]

0.85(20.68) 2(1.11)
P = [1-√(1 - ]
275 0.85(20.68)
P = 0.007826 (use this)

Note on Pmin using 2001 & 2010 NSCP

√(f'c) 1.4
Pmin = >
√4fy fy

1.4
For f’c < 31.36 MPa, Pmin = 31.36 Mpa, Pmin =
fy
√(f'c)
For f’c < 31.36 MPa, Pmin = 31.36 Mpa, Pmin =
√4fy
Since f’c = 20.68 MPa < 31.36 Mpa

1.4
Pmin =
fy
1.4
Pmin =
275
Pmin = 0.005091

As = P bw d
As = 0.007826 1,000.00 88.6393567
2
As = 693.68 mm

use 16 mm (As = 201.00 )

As
No. of steel bar =
Ast
693.68
N = = 3.45 say 5.00 -16mm dia. > plan (OK)
201

Therefore Use (0.30 x 1.00 x 1.00m) R.C Footing with 5- 16mm dia. Reinforcement bars bothways.

Prepared by:

Civil Engineer

Page 6 Structural Analysis - Aprijan