nd

FST 105 – FOOD PROCESSING 1 2 Semester 2020-2021

Laboratory Exercise No. 1

FIELD WORK ON FOOD ADDITIVES

1.1 Introduction

A food additive is a substance or a mixture of substances, other than the basic foodstuff, which is present in foods as a
result of any aspect of production, processing, storage or packaging. These substances are frequently divided into two classes,
such as:
(1) intentional additives, which are added on purpose to perform specific functions, and
(2) incidental additives, which though they have no function in the finished product become part of a food through some
phase of agricultural production, or of processing, packaging and storage.

Food additives should be used in scientifically controlled amount, not more than the amount necessary to perform
the needed function, assuming that the amount has been found and declared safe by the US Food and Drug
Administration. Authorities often review earlier decisions to assure that the safety assessment of a food substance
remains up-to-date. Accurate information on food product composition is also needed so that the offending foods can be
avoided. Likewise, any substance used in excessive amounts to food is toxic for human consumption.

1.2 Objective

To get acquainted with the additives used, its optimum concentration and function in a given type of food product

1.3 Methodology

The laboratory period will be spent by the students in visiting nearby supermarkets for this field work activity.

1. Examine the labels of processed/packed food products belonging to the following classifications:

a. Fish and Fish products

b. Meat and Poultry products
c. Fruit juice/beverages
 d. Fermented products
e. Bakery products
f. Sandwich spreads
g. Fruits and vegetables
h. Dessert Products
2. Record all the food additives and its equivalent concentration declared on the
label.
3. Present at least 3 brand names of products per classification shown above.
 nd
FST 105 – FOOD PROCESSING 1 2 Semester 2020-2021

Name _________________________________ Date Performed __________________

Group Number __________________________ Date Submitted __________________

Laboratory Exercise No. 1

FIELD WORK ON FOOD ADDITIVES

I. Introduction

A food additive is a substance or a mixture of substances, other than the basic foodstuff, which is present in foods as a
result of any aspect of production, processing, storage or packaging. These substances are frequently divided into two classes,
such as:
(3) intentional additives, which are added on purpose to perform specific functions, and
(4) incidental additives, which though they have no function in the finished product become part of a food through some
phase of agricultural production, or of processing, packaging and storage.

II. Objectives

To get acquainted with the additives used, its optimum concentration and function in a given type of food product
III. Methodology

The laboratory period will be spent by the students in visiting nearby supermarkets for this field work activity.

4. Examine the labels of processed/packed food products belonging to the following classifications:

a. Fish and Fish products

b. Meat and Poultry products
c. Fruit juice/beverages
d. Fermented products
e. Bakery products
f. Sandwich spreads
g. Fruits and vegetables
h. Dessert Products
 nd
FST 105 – FOOD PROCESSING 1 2 Semester 2020-2021
 Category Brand Declared Declared on Permitted Function(s)
Le
Name on Label Label vel of
Us
(additive) (Concentration) e
Most people either
love canned sardines
or hate them. In Asia
and Europe, they are
Sardine/Sard quite popular, but in
inella (Fish) the United States,
(60%), younger people are
Water, less likely to eat them.
Tomato No matter where you
Paste, live, if you’re looking
Thickeners for inexpensive,
(Corn Starch, healthy food, canned
Tapioca sardines fit the bill.
Starch,
Xanthan If you’ve been
Gum), Salt, avoiding fish because
Sugar, Onion you’re concerned
Powder, about mercury, you Sardines are an excellent source of
Garlic can eat sardines with vitamin B-12. This vitamin helps your
Powder, 15%2gCarbs. no worries. Since cardiovascular system and gives you
Soybean Oil, 33%2gFat. sardines eat plankton, energy. In addition, these fish contain
Flavour 52%7gProtei their mercury content a healthy amount of vitamin D. Along
Enhancer n is very low. with B-12, D is necessary for good bone
555 sardines (E621). health throughout your life.
Fish and Fish
Products Century Water, Calories        Canned It is your classic all-time, healthy meat. A
Tuna Soybean Oil, 4% Tuna and Bonito are delicious indulgence. It is available in
 Total Fat      
Seasonings 7g
(Chili, the products consisting
Onion, Cholesterol   of the flesh of any of
Garlic, 10mg the ... The proportion
Cinnamon, of
Ginger), Sodium         free flakes or chunks s
Sugar, Salt, 380mg hall not exceed 18% of
Thickeners the drained ... Only
(Cornstarch, Total the use of the
Xanthan Carbohydrate following additives
Gum), s                     is permitted. Additive.
Bayleaf and 2g Thickening or Gelling
Artificial Agents. (for use in
Flavors Protein           packing media only). vegetable oil, brine, hot & spicy, and with
(Tuna, 7g Maximum level in the your favorite variants. It has Omega 3
Chicken). Final Product. DHA that is good for the heart and mind.
Grace Mackerel(Fis Typical While every care has
Mackerel in h), Tomato values been taken to ensure
Tomato Sauce(water, per 100g product information is
Sauce tomato paste, Energy correct, food products
sugar, 984kJ/164kc are constantly being
stabilisers(st al reformulated, so
arch or Fat ingredients, nutrition
modified 12g content, dietary and
food starch Of Which allergens may change.
and/or guar Saturates You should always
gum / 4.2g read the product label
xanthan Carbohydrate and not rely solely on
gum) s the information
Paprika(colo 1.5g provided on the
r) salt Of Which website.
 Sugars
1.5g
Protein
13g
Salt
0.94g
Omega -3
Fatty Acid
0.9g

OmniPork's OmniPork's But don't forget to It's luncheon meat, sans the meat. Hong
cruelty-free vegan meat, keep them frozen! Kong-based food company Green
luncheon according to When you're ready to Monday has brought to the Philippines a
Meat and Poultry meat is made its cook, all you need to plant-based and "guilt-free" treat to
from a manufacturer do is pan-fry each enjoy: OmniPork plant-based luncheon
OMNI proprietary s, also has piece in vegetable oil meat.
PORK blend of soy zero over medium-high
LUNCHEO protein, cholesterol, heat until lightly
N wheat gluten, and contains browned on both sides
and potato 40% less (around 3-4 minutes).
starch. calories than No need to thaw!
Coconut oil, traditional
sunflower canned
oil, yeast luncheon
extract, salt, meats. It is
and natural also 49%
coloring lower in total
from beets fat, and 62%
are also used.lower in
The product sodium
is also free content.
 from
carcinogenic
nitrates,
GMO, added
hormones,
antibiotics,
and MSG.
PURE ngredients: Energy: 198k Store it unopened in Corned beef is a popular meat for St.
FOODS cooked beef, cal the refrigerator 5 to 7 Patrick's Day meals and comforting
CORNED beef Fat: 14g days. Products with a boiled dinners, but don't wait for spring to
BEEF broth,iodized Of which "use-by" date can be enjoy the flavorful meat. The most
salt, sugar, saturates: 8g stored unopened in the common cuts of corned beef are the
flavors, Carbohydrate refrigerator until that brisket; either flat cut or point cut.
monosodium s: 2g date. An
glutamate(fla Of which uncooked corned
vor sugar: 2g beef brisket can be
enhancer), Protein: 16g frozen if it is drained
phosphate and well-wrapped.
(acidity Keep in mind that salt
regulator), encourages rancidity
sodium and texture changes
nitrite (color but it is still safe to
retention eat.
agent) and
sodium
erythorbate
(reducing
agent).
Allergeninfo
rmation:
Contains
Milk and
Sulphites.
Products

Fruit Experts recommend 8

ounces of 100% fruit
0 g Fat in juice per day for adults
Water, low quantity and older children, and
pineapple  0 4-6 ounces for
juice, sugar, g Saturated younger kids each day.
citric acid, fat in low 100% orange juice can
ascorbic acid quantity help meet fruit intake Del Monte 100% Pineapple Juice with
(vitamin c), recommendations Immune-Builders Vitamins A, C & E is
Del monte, beta carotene  11.7 while providing an 100% Pineapple Juice made even more
pineapple (color), g Sugars in entire daily nutritious with the added benefits of
juice drink, natural and high quantity recommended dose of powerful anti-oxidants Vitamins A, C &
artificial artificial vitamin C and E. Vitamin ACE is the anti-oxidant team,
orange flavors,  0.00 significant amounts of which helps slow down signs of ageing
flavor xanthan 5 g Salt in other essential and builds body resistance against
gum. low quantity nutrients. diseases.
Water for No. Drinking Within 40 minutes, the body has absorbed
refreshing phosphoric beverages sweetened all of the caffeine from the cola. This
hydration acid with low and no- caffeine causes the pupils to dilate and
in coke is calorie sweeteners will the blood pressure to increase. By this
Sugar for very low not stimulate your point, the Coca-Cola has blocked the
sweetness (around appetite or make you adenosine receptors in the brain,
0.055%). gain weight. Research preventing drowsiness. Just 5 minutes
Low and No- Compare this has shown that foods later, the production of dopamine has
calorie to the acid and beverages increased.
sweeteners content of an containing low and
orange, no-calorie sweeteners
Caramel for which is can help you manage
colour around 1%, your calorie intake
 Natural
flavourings

Caffeine for and it

taste becomes
clear that
Phosphoric concern
acid for taste about Coke's  and, if used
acid content consistently to reduce
Carbon is being a calories, can help you
dioxide little manage your weight.
overblown
Coca- cola
Water, citric
acid (for
tartness),
flavour, tea,
potassium
citrate,
colour,
sucralose,
acesulfame
potassium,
potassium Nestea Liquid Water
NESTEA sorbate. 28 Enhancers are a
Lemon mg sucralose 0 calories revolutionary addition to NESTEA Lemon Liquid Water Enhancer.
Liquid and 5 mg Made from the iconic brand that ... Give your water a flavourful boost,
Water acesulfame real tea flavors, the sweetened without boosting the calories! Every 0
Enhancer potassium leaves drops contribute zero calorie squeeze adds the flavours of real
Juice/Beverages per 2 ml. calories  juicy lemons and real tea leaves

Fermented Red wine Sulfur. The Increased risk of death This antioxidant has been linked with
 alcohol
content
of red
wine usual
ly falls
between
12% and
15%, with
an average
of 13.5%
ABV. Red
Sulfite wines tend
sensitivity to have
affects about higher
1% of the alcohol
population. .. content
. than their
Yeast. ... white
Tannin. ... counterpart and disease: Drinking
Sugar. ... s. Red a lot of wine, even
Fining & wines are only 1–3 days a week,
Clarification. made of may increase the risk
... grapes that of diabetes in men. many health benefits, including fighting
Acid are usually High alcohol intake inflammation and blood clotting, as well
Control. ... harvested has also been linked as reducing the risk of heart disease and
Stabilizers. late in the with an increased risk cancer.
season. of premature death
Products Potassium Cider alco Cider is most often cider contains polyphenols, which are
Cider Sorbate hol content compared to beer compounds in plants that act as
is used in varies because it's slightly antioxidants. They can help the body to
addition to from 1.2% bubbly and contains fight against free radicals and cell
the sulfite if to 8.5% less alcohol by volume damage, lowering your risk of certain
you are ABV or than its fellow fruit- types of cancer, diabetes, and heart
 bottling a
non-
carbonated ci
der for
stability.
Ascorbic more in fermented drink, wine.
Acid – Also traditional This is because even
known as English cid the sweetest apples
vitamin C, ers, and contain much less
ascorbic acid 3.5% to sugar than grapes.
acts as an 12% in On average,
oxygen continental  hard cider contains 4 disease. Polyphenols also help to ease
scavenger. ciders. to 6 percent alcohol inflammation in the body

napa If you prefer a milder

cabbage, flavor or crunchier
radish, texture, you may want
carrot, salt, to discard
garlic, fish Calories: 23. your kimchi after 3
sauce, chili Protein: 1 months. After this
powder and gram. point, its taste may
scallions. A Fat: Less change significantly
sticky, than 1 gram. — and it may become The vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants
glutinous Carbohydrate mushy. in kimchi can provide important health
paste of rice s: 4 grams. Yet, kimchi may still benefits. Choline, which is found in
flour is also Fiber: 2 be safe to eat for up to kimchi, is a natural compound vital for
needed to grams. 3 more months, as maintaining your cells, your muscles,
make the Sugar: 2 long as there's no your nervous system, and even your
seasoning of grams. mold, which indicates mood. Choline is also important for
Kimchi the kimchi. spoilage maintaining your memory.
Jif Creamy 'MADE A gluten-  eating too much Peanuts and peanut butter contain
Peanut FROM free peanut peanut butter can nutrients that may boost a person’s heart
Butter ROASTED butter that increase a person's health and improve blood sugar levels.
 has 7g
protein
(7% DV)
per serving
25% Total
Fat 16g.
PEANUTS 13%
AND Saturated
SUGAR, Fat 2.5g.
CONTAINS 0%
2% OR Cholestero
LESS OF: l 0mg.
MOLASSES 6%
, FULLY Sodium
HYDROGE 140mg.
NATED 5%
VEGETABL Potassium
E OILS 192mg.
(RAPESEED 3% Total
AND Carbohydr
SOYBEAN), ates 8g.
MONO 8% Dietar
AND y Fiber 2g. daily intake of
DIGLYCERI Sugars 3g. saturated fat, sodium,
Sandwich DES, SALT. and calories
Spreads
Nutella SUGAR, Calories: although Nutella Nutella is a sweetened hazelnut cocoa
Chocolate PALM OIL, 200. contains a small spread that is popularly consumed in
Hazelnut HAZELNUT Fat: 12 amount of calcium and breakfasts and desserts around the world.
Spread S, COCOA, grams. iron, it’s not very
SKIM Sugar: 21 nutritious and high in
MILK, grams. sugar, calories and fat
WHEY Protein: 2
 (MILK),
LECITHIN
AS
EMULSIFIE grams.
R (SOY), Calcium: 4%
VANILLIN: of the RDI.
AN Iron: 4% the
ARTIFICIA RDI.
L FLAVOR.
Hellmann's Ingredients: Rich in . Just by the look of
Mayonnaise Soybean Oil, Omega 3- mayonnaise, it's easy
For a Water, ALA to tell that's definitely
Creamy Whole Eggs (contains not a low-calorie item,
Condiment And Egg 650mg ALA but how unhealthy is Hellmann's Real Mayonnaise is
Yolks, per serving, this condiment really? a condiment proudly made with real,
Vinegar, which is 40% Given that mayo is simple ingredients like cage-free eggs,
Salt, Sugar, of the 1.6g mostly made up of oil, oil, and vinegar. ...
Lemon Juice, Daily Value as mentioned above,
Calcium of ALA), this it's incredibly high in
Disodium is a great fat—we're talking
Edta (Used option for about 10 grams per
To Protect those looking tablespoon. It's also
Quality), for delicious almost 100 calories
Natural gluten-free per tablespoon, which
Flavors. condiments is a lot, especially for
a condiment. That's
why it's important to  Hellmann's Real Mayonnaise is the
always portion ideal condiment for spreading on
out your mayonnaise sandwiches and wraps, grilling juicy
if you're adding it to burgers, mixing creamy dips, and
anything because it preparing fresh salads
can be easy to be
eating too much mayo
 and gain weight.
Fruits and Del monte Vegetables Potassium Canned foods can be Del Monte Mixed Vegetables are picked
mixed (Carrots, 180mg5% just as nutritious as at the peak of ripeness and packed within
vegetables Green Beans, Total fresh and miles with just Non-GMO vegetables,
Peas, Corn, Carbohydr frozen foods because water, and a dash of sea salt. Nothing
Lima Beans), ates 9g3% canning preserves else. Our Mixed Vegetables are delicious
Water, Sea Dietary many nutrients. The and we've already done the chopping for
Salt, Celery Fiber amount of minerals, you, so no added prep on your part to
Seed Extract, 3g12% fat-soluble vitamins, ensure you and your family eat your
Onion Sugars 3g protein, fat and veggies. Non-BPA intent can. Del Monte
Extract, Protein 2g carbohydrate remain works hard to cultivate the freshest, most
Natural Vitamin relatively unchanged nutritious fruits and vegetable to use in
Flavor.  A60% by the process of every one of our products. When you
Vitamin canning trust Del Monte, you can be sure what
C4% you're buying is the peak of quality and
Calcium2 nutrition!
%
Iron4%
Calories
45
Calories
From Fat 0
Total Fat
0g0%
Saturated
Fat 0g0%
Trans Fat
0g0%
Cholestero
l 0mg0%
Sodium
310mg†13
%
Vegetables
Freezer jam lasts for 6
Months in the freezer
Calories and 3 weeks in the
50 refrigerator. Of course,
% Daily jams and jellies will
Value* last for a shorter
Total Fat  period of time if they
0g are not stored
0% properly. But, like
Sodium  many other products,
0mg jam and jellies may
0% have a best by date or
Total a use by date which is
Carbohydrate  simply the last date by
13g which a manufacturer Smucker's has been helping to make
4% will vouch for a family meals more memorable. It all
Total Sugars  product's quality, not started in 1897 when Jerome Monroe
12g its safety. Because of Smucker pressed cider from his mill and,
Incl 9 of this distinction, you shortly after, sold his first jar of apple
Added may safely use your butter from the back of a horse-drawn
from a blend Sugars jam, jelly or fruit wagon. Today Smucker's offers a broad
of crushed 19% butter after the best by range of fruit spreads, ice cream toppings,
sun-ripened Protein  date has expired, but syrups, peanut butters, and more,
Smucker’s  fruit and fruit 0g please enjoy them including low sugar and sugar free
Pure Jams puree before the eat by date. varieties.
MCCORMI Ginger and This product Don't consume more Ginger was one of the first spices brought
CK® Sulfiting has no than 4 grams from Asia to the Western world by the
GROUND Agent significant of ginger in any given spice caravans. Thanks to its warm, spicy
GINGER (Added to nutritional day in any form. flavor, ginger lends itself to both sweet
Preserve value. People with heart and savory dishes. McCormick Ground
Color). conditions, diabetes, Ginger is sweet and zesty with a hint of
 and gallstones should
especially talk with
their doctor before
taking ginger as a
supplement. citrus flavor, perfect for so many recipes.
Dessert products Classic 4 HONEY Calories With lower-sugar Enjoy this easy Classic 'Smores recipe around
'Smores MAID Honey 80 marshmallows, dark a campfire or in your kitchen. Classic S'mores
Grahams, % Daily Value* chocolate and whole are a combo of graham crackers,
broken in half Total Fat 3.5g wheat graham crackers, marshmallows & chocolate.
(8 squares) 4% this summertime snack
  Saturated can be a healthy dessert.
4 JET-PUFFED Fat 2g ... “It has lots of carbs,
Marshmallow 10% sugar and processed
s, toasted Trans Fat 0g ingredients.” While a
  Cholesterol les s'more is never going to
1 HERSHEY'S® s than 5mg be a superfood, it is
Milk 1% possible to tweak to
Chocolate Bar Sodium 15mg make it a bit healthier.
(1.55 oz.), 1%
quartered Total
Carbohydrates 
13g
5%
Dietary
Fiber 0g
0%
Sugars 11g
22%
Protein 1g
2%
Vitamin A
0%
Vitamin C
0%
 Calcium
2%
Iron
2%

Churros 1 cup water Calories: 691.3 results from the Churros are one of the worlds best desserts
% Daily Value combined effects of – when made fresh from scratch of course.
2 ½
* insufficient rainfall and These are hands down the best churros I’ve
tablespoons
Protein: 3.3g7 rapid water evaporation ever had, even better than those I got in the
white sugar
% by nearby land masses. Mexican market. They’re crispy on the
½ Carbohydrates The rate of rainfall outside, soft and tender on the inside and
teaspoon salt : 57.1g18 % rarely exceeds the rate they have a flavor no one can resist!
Dietary of evaporation, and it is
2 Fiber: 1.1g5 % not uncommon for rain
tablespoons Sugars: 32.9g to vaporize even before
vegetable oil Fat: 51.1g79 % hitting the ground.
1 cup all- Saturated
purpose flour Fat: 6.7g34 %
Vitamin A
2 quarts Iu: 1.7IU
oil for frying Niacin
Equivalents: 2.
½ cup
5mg19 %
white sugar,
Folate: 57.2mc
or to taste
g14 %
1 Calcium: 12.7
teaspoon mg1 %
ground Iron: 1.5mg8
cinnamon %
Magnesium: 7.
8mg3 %
Potassium: 37.
2mg1 %
Sodium: 293.1
 mg12 %
Thiamin: 0.2m
g25 %
Calories From
Fat: 460.1

MALVA 6 1⁄2 Calories: 815 Leftover malva Malva is also Afrikaans for geranium (in
PUDDING, ounces sugar Calories from pudding can be kept in the broad sense, including
SOUTH (3/4 cup, 200 Fat 386 g47 the refrigerator in an Pelargonium). ... Art Smith said that
AFRICAN ml, or 180 g) % airtight container for according to Colin Cowie, his hospitality
BAKED 2 Total Fat 43 up to 3 days. Before ambassador in South Africa,
DESSERT large eggs g66 % serving, reheat it in a the pudding was named after a woman
1 Saturated Fat 300°F (150°C) oven orcalled Malva. Another theory is that the
tablespoon 26.1 g130 % the microwave!2 sauce originally contained Malvasia
apricot jam Cholesterol 2 (malmsey) wine.
5 17.9 mg72 %
ounces all- Sodium 874.
purpose 4 mg36 %
flour (150 g) Total
1 Carbohydrate 
teaspoon bak 100.5 g33 %
ing soda Dietary Fiber
1⁄2 1 g3 %
teaspoon salt Sugars 69.9
1 g279 %
tablespoon b Protein 8.7
utter (a g17 %
generous
tablespoon)
1
teaspoon vin
egar
1⁄3
cup milk
FOR THE
SAUCE
3⁄4
cup fresh
cream (200
ml)
3 1⁄2
ounces butter 
(100 g)
3 -5
ounces sugar 
(90 - 150 g)
1⁄3
cup hot
water (90
ml)
2
teaspoons va
nilla essence
 nd
FST 105 – FOOD PROCESSING 1 2 Semester 2020-2021

2. Is there any intolerance to food additives? Explain.

Some food additives also deter the growth of microorganisms -- such as bacteria and mold -- which extends the product's shelf life and increases
profitability. However, there are also disadvantages to consuming food additives, because they can trigger allergic reactions and possibly lead to
other serious health issues.

What is the difference between “natural” and “artificial” additives?

-Natural additives are substances found naturally in a foodstuff and are extracted from one food to be used in another. Artificial additives are
not naturally present in foods and are made synthetically. 

What are the common additives used in food products based on their classification? Explain its functions in a given type of product. Give at least
one example.

-Food additives can be derived from plants, animals, or minerals, or they can be synthetic. They are added intentionally to food to perform
certain technological purposes which consumers often take for granted. There are several thousand food additives used, all of which are
designed to do a specific job in making food safer or more appealing. WHO, together with FAO, groups food additives into 3 broad categories
based on their function.
Flavoring agents

Flavoring agents – which are added to food to improve aroma or taste – make up the greatest number of additives used in foods. There are
hundreds of varieties of flavorings used in a wide variety of foods, from confectionery and soft drinks to cereal, cake, and yoghurt. Natural
flavoring agents include nut, fruit and spice blends, as well as those derived from vegetables and wine. In addition, there are flavorings that
imitate natural flavors.
Enzyme preparations
Enzyme preparations are a type of additive that may or may not end up in the final food product. Enzymes are naturally-occurring proteins that
boost biochemical reactions by breaking down larger molecules into their smaller building blocks. They can be obtained by extraction from
plants or animal products or from micro-organisms such as bacteria and are used as alternatives to chemical-based technology. They are mainly
used in baking (to improve the dough), for manufacturing fruit juices (to increase yields), in wine making and brewing (to improve fermentation),
as well as in cheese manufacturing (to improve curd formation).
Other additives
Other food additives are used for a variety of reasons, such as preservation, colouring, and sweetening. They are added when food is prepared,
packaged, transported, or stored, and they eventually become a component of the food.
Preservatives can slow decomposition caused by mould, air, bacteria, or yeast. In addition to maintaining the quality of the food, preservatives
help control contamination that can cause foodborne illness, including life-threatening botulism.

https://centurypacific.com.ph/brands/centurytuna/
http://www.fao.org/input/download/standards/105/CXS_070e.pdf
https://groceries.asda.com/product/cooking-ingredients/grace-mackerel-in-tomato-sauce/1000046667805
https://www.mccormick.com/spices-and-flavors/herbs-and-spices/spices/ginger-ground
http://www.eatbydate.com/other/condiments/how-long-does-jam-last-shelf-life-expiration-date/
https://www.delmonte.com/products/vegetables/mixed-vegetables/mixed-vegetables
https://www.food.com/recipe/malva-pudding-south-african-baked-dessert-118545