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which can be in one of four forms: powdered metal, volatilized metal or metallic salt, fused metal salts, or a gaseous
atmosphere. The resultant diffusion processes alloy the surface layer of the casting to produce the desired
mechanical and chemical properties. In diffusion coating the "coating" is not visible and is an integral part of the
surface microstructure of the casting. Table 9.4 lists the different types of diffusion coatings and describes their
properties and uses. Figure 3.36 illustrates the significant increase in fatigue strength produced by the nitriding of a
Ductile Iron casting.

Table 9.3 Summary of hot-dipped coatings, their structures and uses.

Type Coating Structure Thickness or Weight Uses

Outer layer of zinc over a base layer of an 2 to 8 ounces per square foot Atmospheric corrosion resistance where
Galvanizing
2
iron-zinc compound. 9 to 35 g/cm on-staining corrosion products are desirable.

Resistant to tarnishing in food service and

Tin surface layer over an intermetallic tin-iron 0.3 to 1.5 mils non-industrial atmospheres. Intermetallic
Tinning
phase 7.6 to 38.1 ?/i>m bond for bearings. Metallurgical bond for

soldering.

High resistance to industrial atmospheric

0.2 to 0.6 mils corrosion. Chemical process applications,

Lead and Lead Tin Mechanical bond of outer layer to substrate
5.1 to 15.2 ?/i>m especially with sulphuric and hydrochloric

acids.

Corrosion and heat application up to 1000oF

Aluminum outer layer over an interfacial 2 to 4 mils
Aluminizing (540oC). Minimizes high temperature
iron-aluminum layer. 50.1 to 101.6 ?/i>m
oxidation.

Table 9.4 Types of diffusion coatings, their characteristics and uses.

Type Coating Structure Thickness or Weight Uses

Chemical

process
Metallic aluminum introduced into surface layer forming
Calorized High temperature oxidation resistance. equipment,
aluminum-iron alloy
steam

superheaters.

Combustion

and
Chromized Chromium carbide case formed on surface High hardness and wear resistance.
mechanical

equipment.

Gears, cams,
Cyanided Carbonitrided Carbon-nitrogen compound formed by diffusion into surface. Wear and thermal fatigue resistance
pawls, and

110