Welcome to Class 9 Chemistry

Introduction

Lesson 1 Content : Chapters discussion – for this term.

General instruction:

Need of the Text book and CW-copy every class

Working environment on Zoom and Goggle

classroom.
Ch 4 Periodic Table
Cl 9 Chem
PG 30-37
 PG 30-34
SLO
Mendeleev arrangement of elements in the early
periodic table.

Lesson 2 Arrangement of elements in the modern Periodic

Table
Electronic configurations model how electrons are
arranged in atoms.
The final periodic table- with arrangement of
metals, semi-metals , and non-metals
 Brief study and comparison of Previous
and modern Table

• End of the 19th-century the Russian chemist

Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907)
• First periodic table of the elements in 1869.
• Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of
increasing relative atomic mass.
• Predictions using gaps
• The modern periodic table

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School 3
Mendeleev's and Modern Periodic
table

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 1 1
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 - Changes that led to the Modern table
Continued

Atomic number and protons

 In the modern periodic table, the elements are
arranged according to their atomic number - not
their relative atomic mass.
In the periodic table the elements are arranged into:
• rows, called periods, in order of increasing atomic
number
•vertical columns, called groups, where the elements
have similar properties
Resolving pair reversals:
Mendeleev did not know about isotopes-
Iodine has a lower relative atomic mass than tellurium. 7
 Metals and non-metals in the table
The metal elements are found on the left hand
side of the periodic table.
the non-metal elements are found on the right.
Imagine a zig-zag line, starting at B-Al-Si,
separating metals from non-metals.
 Electronic configurations-the way in which
electrons are arranged in an atom.
Electrons in shells- to make a complete or full
shell. Electron shell Max electrons

First 2

Second 8

Third 8
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• The electronic configuration of an atom
can be predicted from its atomic number.
eg- the atomic number of sodium is 11.
Sodium atoms have 11 protons and
so 11 electrons:
• 2 electrons occupy the first shell
• 8 electrons occupy the second shell
• 1 electron occupies the third shell
OR E.C can be written as 2.8.1
In a diagram:
• each shell is modelled as a circle
• each electron is modelled as a dot or a
cross 7
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GC Activity
Go to GC and complete the assignment:
solve Q5 page 36

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 Classroom Activity Answer

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 Classroom Activity Answer

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 PG 35-36
SLO
Difference of metal and non-metals and position in
the periodic table

Lesson 3 Metals and non-metals – difference in their

properties.
Properties of metals - explained in terms of
metallic structure
and bonding.
Different chemical models have different features
and limitations.
 Activity:
(Recap) Metals vs non-metals
Metals are placed on the left-hand side of the
periodic table, and non-metals on the right.
Physical properties- Make a table:- give egs. to exceptional
elements

Feature Metal Non-metal

lustre
M.pts
Conductor- Heat,
electricity
Density
Malleability
/ductility
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Metallic structure and bonding
• In metals, the electrons leave the outer shells of metal atoms,
forming positive metal ions and a 'sea' of delocalised
electrons. The structure of a solid metal consists of closely
packed metal ions, arranged in a regular way to form a
metallic lattice structure.
• Metallic bonding is the strong electrostatic force of
attraction between the metal ions and the delocalised
electrons

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 Properties of metals
Using the description –Explain malleability
and conductivity of electricity.
Malleability-
Metals are malleable because layers of ions can
slide over each other when a force is applied.
Metallic bonding allows the metal to change shape
without shattering.
Conduction of electricity
When a voltage is applied to a metal, the
delocalised electrons travel through the lattice
structure. The movement of these charged
particles forms an electric current.

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 Summary of bonding types
There are four kinds of bonding types to be aware of.
These are ionic, simple covalent molecular, giant covalent network and metallic
Simple covalent molecular is listed as 'simple' and giant covalent network is listed as
'giant'.
.

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GC ACTIVITY

Go to GC and solve Q5 from page 37

Answers to Question 5 :
a. A,(2.4); F(2.8.18.32.18.4)-4 electrons in the last shell
b. A(2.4) – its atomic number is 6
c. C(2.8.18.18.7) and D(2.8.18.18.8)- 5 electronic-shells
d. C(2.8.18.18.7) – 7 electrons in the last shell.
e. B(2.8.8) and D(2.8.18.18.8)- complete /full shell of 8 electrons
f. Calcium ;E(2.8.8.2)=20 so atomic no. 20 is Calcium
g. F(2.8.18.32.18.4)= 82 so (Lead) has atomic no 82
h. B(2.8.8), so G (2.8.8.1)=atomic no:19 i.e: potassium

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