xjfO{ gLlt, @)^#

!= k[i7e"ld
g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt / e"–w/ftnLo :j?ksf sf/0f cfGtl/s Pj+ jfXo
;Dks{sf] nflu xjfO{ oftfoft ;jf{lws e/kbf]{ dfWodsf] ?kdf /x]sf]5 . :t/Lo xjfO{
;]jfsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ef}lts k"jf{wf/x? nufot cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L 5f]6f] /
nfdf] b"/Lsf] xjfO{ ;]jf ;+rfng ug{ ;Sg] ljdfg:ynx?sf] ljsf; u/L cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08
cg'?k p•og Pj+ xjfO{ ;'/Iff (Flight Safety and Aviation Security) nfO{ ;'lglZrt ub}{
;'/lIft, ;'ne, ldtJooL, ahf/d'vL, e/kbf]{, Pj+ k|efjsf/L xjfO{ oftfoftsf] dfWodaf6
ko{6g / Jofkf/ k|j4{gdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;/sf/sf] :ki6 gLlt x'g'kg]{ cfjZostf dxz';
u/L ……xjfO{ gLlt, @)^#ÚÚ NofOPsf] 5 .
xjfO{ oftfoft ;]jfdf lghL If]qsf] ;d]t ;+nUgtf u/fpg] p2]Zon] /fli6«o xjfO{
gLlt, @)%) hf/L ul/Psf] lyof] . ljZjsf] ab\lnbf] kl/l:ylt / b]zsf] cfGtl/s
cfjZostfnfO{ ;d]t b[li6ut u/L gful/s p•ogsf] ljsf;åf/f b]zdf a9L eGbf a9L
ko{6s leq\ofpg] p2]Zon] g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)%# ;fndf pQm xjfO{ gLltdf klxnf]kN6
;+zf]wg u/]sf] lyof] . gful/s p•og If]qdf ljZjn] df/]sf] km8\sf], cGt/f{li6«o:t/d} / vf;
u/L Pl;of k|zfGt If]qdf xjfO{ 6«flkmsdf ePsf] pNn]vgLo j[l4, ljZj hgdfg;df a9]sf]
ko{6sLo dxTj, lghLs/0fsf] dfWodåf/f ljZjdf ePsf] cf}Bf]lus ljsf; Pj+ gful/s
p•og If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf Pj+ jfo';]jfx? jLr a9\b} uPsf] xft]dfnf] (Alliance)
nfO{ ;d]t b[li6ut u/L tTsfn hf/L ul/Psf] xjfO{ gLltdf ;fdlos ;'wf/ x'g' jfG5gLo
ePsf] / k|:t't xjfO{ gLltn] /fli6«o p8fg ;'/Iff tyf xjfO{ ;'/Iffsf] ;'lgZrttf /
cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 cg'?k ;]jf ;+rfngdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .
ljBdfg xjfO{ gLltdf plNnlvt sltko s'/fx? sfg"gdf ;dfj]z eO{ Jojxf/df
;d]t cfO;s]sf] . To:tf k|fjwfg tyf pknlAw x6fO{ xjfO{ oftfoftnfO{ ;'lglZrt u/fpg],
jfo';]jfnfO{ ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{, lgoGq0f, lgodg ug]{ ljifo nufot xjfO{ p8fg k|lzIf0f
;+:yf, dd{t tyf ;Def/ ;+:yfnfO{ Ohfht lbg] cfwf/x? ;d]t ;dfj]; u/L ljBdfg xjfO{
gLltnfO{ ;dofg's"n kl/dfh{g ul/Psf] 5 . ljdfg:yn, ljdfg:yndf cfjZos kg]{ ;]jf
;'ljwfx?sf] lgdf{0f, ljsf; tyf b'u{d If]qsf] nflu cTofjZos xjfO{ ;]jfsf] ;'lglZrttf
ug]{ / cGt/f{li6«o p8fg eg]{ jfo';]jf ;+rfng ;+:yfx?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{ rf6{/ p8fg
;DaGwL Joj:yfnfO{ ;/nLs/0f u/L a9L eGbf a9L ko{6sx? g]kfn leq\ofpg] bL3{sfnLg
nIo xfl;n ug{ o; gLltn] ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] 5 . ;fy} oftfoftsf] cGo dfWod;Fu lgs6td
;dGjo sfod u/L xjfO{ oftfoftsf] ;Gt'lnt ljsf;åf/f ko{6g, pBf]u, Jofkf/ / jfl0fHo
nufot d'n'ssf] ;dli6ut ;fdflhs Pj+ cfly{s lqmofsnfksf] k|j4{gdf o; gLltn]
of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] ck]Iff /flvPsf] 5 .
@= nIo
xjfO{ ;]jfnfO{ ;'/lIft, e/kbf]{, :t/Lo, ;'ne, ;j{;fwf/0fsf] kx'rof]Uo, lbuf] Pj+ k|efjsf/L
t'NofpFb} pbf/ cfsfz gLltsf] cjwf/0ffdf lghL If]qsf] ;d]t ;xeflutf clej[l4 u/L
xjfO{ oftfoft k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug]{ o; gLltsf] nIo /x]sf] 5 .
#= p2]Zo
 k|s/0f @ df plNnlvt nIo xfl;n ug{ b]xfosf gLltut pb]Zox? /x]sf 5g\ M
#=!= d'n'ssf] p•og pBf]u nfO{ ljZj p•og pBf]usf] ;dsIfdf :yflkt x'g] u/L ljsf;
ug]{ .
#=@= xjfO{ p8fg ;'/Iff (Flight Safety) tyf xjfO{ ;'/Iff (Aviation Security) sf] pRrtd
:t/ sfod ug]{ .
#=#= jfo';]jf ;+rfng, ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f, ;+rfng / Joj:yfkg tyf xjfO{ oftfoft;Fu
;DjlGwt ;]jf / ;'ljwfx?sf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ tyf ;+rfngdf :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL
lghL nufgL stf{nfO{ cfslif{t / k|f]T;flxt u/L :j:y Pj+ k|lt:kwf{Tds xjfO{
;]jfsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
#=$= d'n'ssf] xjfO{ ;]jfsf cfjZostf kl/k"lt{ ug{ cTofw'lgs ;'ljwfo'Qm cGt/f{li6«o
ljdfg:yn ;lxt cGo pko'Qm lsl;dsf ljdfg:ynx?sf] lgdf{0f tyf ljsf; ug]{ .
#=%= gful/s p•og If]qdf bIf tyf Joj;flos hgzlQmsf] cfjZostf kl/k"lt{ ug{
gful/s p•og;Fu ;DjlGwt k|lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; tyf ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{
.
#=^= gful/s p•ognfO{ d'n'ssf] e/kbf]{ ;]jf pBf]u tyf xjfO{ dgf]/~hg / ;fxl;s
ofqfsf] pko'Qm dfWodsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ .
$= gLlt
$=!= xjfO{ ;]jf ;Demf}tf
$=!=!= ljBdfg pbf/ cfsf; gLltnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbb}+ s|dzM v'Nnf cfsf; gLlt
cjnDag ul/g]5 .
$=!=@= ko{6g k|j4{gsf] k|r'/ ;Defjgf ePsf d'n'sx?;Fu ;dfgtf /
kf/:kl/stfsf] cfwf/df g]kfnnfO{ clwstd kmfO{bf x'g] u/L låkIfLo tyf
ax'kIfLo xjfO{ ;Demf}tf ug{ kxn ul/g]5 .
$=!=#= g]kfnL jfo';]jfx?nfO{ cGo cGt/f{li6«o jfo';]jfx?;Fu ;d"xsf] ;b:otf
PnfoG; (Alliance) tyf sf]8 ;]ol/ª ug{ :jLs[lt lbg] ;/n k|s[ofsf]
ljsf; ul/g]5 .
$=@= xjfO{ If]qsf] pkof]u
$=@=!= ;'/lIft, ;Ifd Pj+ ldtJooL p8fg ;+rfngsf nflu cfw'lgs k|ljlwx?sf]
cjnDag ub}{ e"–pku|xdf cfwfl/t cGt/f{li6«o ;Lwf xjfO{ dfu{x?sf] ljsf;
tyf lj:tf/ ub}{ nlug]5 .
$=@=@= cGt/f{li6«o p8fgx?n] g]kfnsf] jfo'If]qsf] pRrtd pkof]u ug{ /
cGt/f{li6«o kf/jxg dfu{ -Transit Routes) sf] ;~hfnleq g]kfnnfO{
;dfj]z ug{ cGt/f{li6«o gful/s p•og ;+u7g -ICAO) Pj+ ;Da4
d'n'sx?;Fu cfjZos kxn / ;dGjo ul/g]5 .
$=#= p8fg ;'/Iff (Flight Safety)
$=#=!= p8fg ;'/Iff clej[l4sf nflu cGt/f{li6«o gful/s p•og ;+u7gåf/f
lgwf{l/t dfkb08 tyf l;kmfl/zx? nfu" ug{ pRr k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .
 $=#=@= k'/fgf jfo'ofgsf] cfoftnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{ cfjZos dfkb08x? lgwf{/0f
ul/g]5 .
$=#=#= xjfO{ oftfoft ;DaGwL cWoog-cg';Gwfg, jfo'ofg b'3{6gf hf+r, p8fg
;'/Iff lgu/fgL (Safety Oversight) ;d]tsf sfo{x? cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08
cg';f/ sfod ug{ ;+:yfut tyf sfg"gL ;+/rgfut ;+oGqsf] ljsf; u/L
lgu/fgL Ifdtf clej[l4 ul/g]5 .
$=#=$= e"–pku|xdf cfwfl/t ;~rf/, ky k|bz{g Pj+ lgu/fgL ;]jfo'Qm xjfO{ p8fg
Joj:yfkg jf cGo pko'Qm k|0ffnL cjnDag ul/g]5 .
$=#=%= g]kfnsf] jfo'If]qdf oflGqs p8fg k|0ffnLaf6 Po/ 6«flkms sG6«f]n ;]jf
k'¥ofpg xjfO{ dfu{x?sf] k'g;{+/rgf Pj+ ljsf; ul/g]5 .
$=$= xjfO{ ;'/Iff (Aviation Security)
$=$=! gful/s p•ognfO{ cgflws[t x:tIf]kaf6 ;'/lIft /fVg xjfO{ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL
cGt/f{li6|o dxf;lGwx?, k|f]6]fsn tyf cGt/f{li6|o gful/s p8\8og
;+u7gJbf/f lgwf{l/t dfkb08 cg'?k cem ;'b[9 tyf k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 .
$=$=@ ljBdfg xjfO{ ;'/Iff Joj:yf ;'b[9Ls/0fsf nflu cfjZos sfg"gL /
;+:yfut ;'wf/sf] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
$=%= cfGtl/s xjfO{ ;]jf
$=%=! cfGtl/s p8fgsf] cfjZostf, ljdfg:yn / ljdfg:yndf hl8t pks/0f
Pj+ cGo ;'ljwfx?, jfo';]jf ;+rfng ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg, cfly{s, k|fljlws
nufotsf kIfsf] ljZjf;gLotfsf] d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/df cfGtl/s jfo';]jf
;+rfng ug{ Ohfht (Permission) tyf jfo'ofg ;+rfng k|df0fkq (Air
Operater Certificate) lbg ;'Jojl:yt / kf/bzL{ sfo{ljlwsf] Joj:yf
ul/g]5 .
$=%=@ gof+ cfGtl/s jfo';]jf ;+rfng ;+:yfnfO{ Ohfht tyf jfo'ofg ;+rfng
k|df0fkq lb+bf / df}h'bf jfo';]jf ;+rfng ;+:yfx?nfO{ jfo'ofg yk (fleet
expansion) ug{ Ohfht lb+bf sf7df8f}+ aflx/sf xa ljdfg:ynx?df
;+rfng cfwf/ (operation base) /fvL b'u{d If]qdf ;d]t ;]jf k'/\ofpg' kg]{
u/L Ohfht lbOg]5 .

$=^= cGt/f{li6«o xjfO{ ;]jf

$=^=!= cGt/f{li6«o xjfO{ ;]jf ;+rfngsf nflu Ohfht tyf jfo'ofg ;+rfng
k|df0fkq k|bfg ubf{ ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfksLo, cfly{s tyf k|fljlws kIfsf]
ljZjf;gLotf / d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/df :j:y / k|lt:kwf{Tds ?kdf efu lng
;Sg] u/L kf/bzL{ Joj:yfsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . To:tf ;+:yfx?sf] ;]jf
;+rfngdf /fi6«n] Joxf]g'{ kg]{ pQ/bfloTj, xjfO{ ;]jf ;Demf}tf Pj+
;dembf/Lkq cg';f/ dfu{;fl/0fL, p8fg ;+Vof, l;6 Ifdtf tyf 6«flkms
clwsf/sf] k|fjwfgnfO{ ;d]t b[li6ut u/L ;f] clwsf/sf] kf/bzL{ ?kdf
ljt/0f ul/g]5 .
t/ kfFr aif{;Dd ;kmntfk"j{s cfGtl/s xjfO{ ;]jf k|bfg u/L ;]jf rfn"
/fv]sf cfGtl/s jfo';]jf ;+rfng ;+:yfsf] k|fljlws, cfly{s / Joj:yfksLo
 Ifdtfsf] d"Nof+Íg ubf{ ;Ifd b]lvPsf cfGtl/s jfo';]jf ;+rfng ;+:yfnfO{
cGt/f{li6«o xjfO{ ;]jf ;+rfngsf] nflu OHffht tyf jfo'ofg ;+rfng
k|df0fkq (AOC) lbg ;lsg]5 .
$=^=@= ljb]zL jfo';]jf ;+:yfx?nfO{ xjfO{ ;]jf ;Demf}tfsf k|fjwfg leq /x]/ p8fg
cg'dlt lbg] Joj:yfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 .
$=& ;fwf/0f xjfO{ oftfoft (General Aviation)
$=&=!= PlePzg :kf]6{; (Aviation Sports) tyf ;fxl;s Pj+ cg';GwfgfTds p•og
lqmofsnfkx? h:t} dfOqmf] nfO{6 -Micro Light), Xofª UnfOl8Ë (Hang
Gliding), kf/f hlDkË -Para-jumping), UnfOl8Ë (Gliding), x]lnl:sªu -Heli-
skiing) / x6 Po/ a]n'lgË -Hot Air Ballooning) nfO{ Ohfht tyf jfo'ofg
;+rfng k|df0fkq lbg] k|lqmofnfO{ ;/lns/0f ul/g]5 .
$=&=@= :jb]zL, ljb]zL jf ;+o'Qm nufgLstf{x?nfO{ xjfO{ p8fg k|lzIf0f ;+:yf
(Flying School) vf]Ng k|f]T;flxt ul/g] / To:tf ;+:yfnfO{ lglZrt
ljdfg:yn k|of]u ug{ lbg] ;/n Pj+ kf/bzL{ Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
$=&=#= jfo'ofgx?sf] dd{t tyf ;Def/ ug]{ ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfksLo, k|fljlws tyf
cfly{s Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍg u/L dd{t ;Def/ Joj;fo ;+rfng ug{ :jb]zL
tyf ljb]zL lghL If]qnfO{ ;d]t k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 .
$=&=$ s'g} ;+:yf jf JolQmn] lghL ljdfg btf{ u/L /fVg rfx]df Jofkfl/s p8fg
ug{ gkfpg] u/L cfjZos zt{x? ;d]t tf]sL cg'dlt lbg ;lsg]5 .
$=* g]kfn jfo';]jf lgud
$=*=! g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudnfO{ ;Ifd, e/kbf]{, ljZj;gLo / Jofkfl/s ;]jf k|bfos
;+:yfsf] ?kdf ?kfGt/0f u/L Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ o;sf] ;+:yfut / sfg'gL
;'wf/ ul/g]5 .
$=*=@ lgudsf] kx+'r a9fpg lghL If]qsf] nufgLnfO{ ;d]t k|f]T;flxt ub}{ jfo'ofg
;+Vofdf j[l4 u/L ;]jf lj:tf/ ul/g]5 .
$=(= xjfO{ ;]jf ;+rfng ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lgodg tyf lgoGq0f
$=(=!= jfo'ofg pTkfbg ug]{ ;+:yfn] tf]s]sf] OlGhg k/km/d]G; l/nfoljln6L
(Engine Performance Reliability), cGt/f{li6«o k|rng, j}slNks jfo'ofgsf]
pknAwtfsf] cfwf/ / g]kfn gful/s p•og k|flws/0fn] hf/L u/]sf zt{
k"/f u/]/ dfq Ps OlGhg l:y/ kv]6f (Fixed Wing) ePsf jfo'ofgnfO{
lghL, rf6{/, tyf tflnd k|of]hgsf] nflu cg'dlt lbg ;lsg]5 .
$=(=@== g]kfndf btf{ ePsf] jfo';]jf ;+rfng ;+:yfsf] d'Vo Jofj;flos sf/f]af/
:yn g]kfndf /xg] / jfo'ofg ;~rfng lgoGq0f (Operational Control)
g]kfn jf g]kfnLdf /xg] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
$=(=#= jfo';]jf ;+rfng ;+:yf, jfo'ofg dd{t ;+:yf / k|lzIf0f ;+:yfnfO{ Ohfht
lbFbf ljz]iftM xjfO{ p8fg ;'/Iff (Flight Safety) nfO{ b[li6ut u/L lglZrt
dfkb08sf] cfwf/df cg'dlt tyf jfo'ofg ;+rfng k|df0fkq lbg] / ;f]sf]
cg'udg ug]{ Joj:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L jgfOg]5 .
 $=(=$= p8fg ;'/Iff lgu/fgLsf] k|Tofe"lt x'g] Joj:yf u/L g]kfn;Fu bf}To ;+jGw
ePsf d'n'sx?df g]kfnL jfo';]jfx?nfO{ gg\ ;]8\o"jn÷rf6{/ -ofq'÷sfuf]{_
p8fg ;+rfng ug{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 .
$=(=%= jfo';]jf ;+rfng ;+:yfx?sf] bfloTj tyf aLdf ug]{ Joj:yf kf/bzL{ jgfO{
pkef]Qmfsf] xslxt ;+/If0f x'g] Joj:yf ldnfO{g]5 .
$=(=^ jfo'ofg ef8f (lease) df NofO{ ;+rfng ug]{ k|s[ofnfO{ kf/bzL{ tyf
k|efjsf/L jgfpg sfg"gL ;'wf/ ul/g]5 .
$=(=&= jfo';]jf ;+rfng ;+:yf, dd{t ;+ef/;+:yf tyf xjfO{ p8fg k|lzIf0f
;+:yfx?nfO{ Psåf/ k|0ffnL cjnDag u/L g]kfn gful/s p•og
k|flws/0faf6 cfjZos Ohfht tyf jfo'ofg ;+rfng k|df0fkq (Air
Operator Certificate) lbg] Joj:Yff ul/g]5 .
$=(=*= lzsfuf] dxf;lGwsf] Joj:yf cg';f/ p8fg ;'/Iff lgu/fgLsf] Joj:yf
ePsf] kfO{Pdf ljb]zdf btf{ ePsf jfo'ofgx? g]kfnL jfo';]jf ;+rfng
;+:yfn] ;+rfng ug{ ;Sg] u/L :jLs[lt k|bfg ug{ ;lsg]5 .
$=(=(= c:j:y k|lt:kwf{ Pj+ lgwf{l/t p8fg ;'/Iff :t/ k"/f gug]{ ;+:yfx?sf]
Ohfht / jfo'ofg ;+rfng k|df0fkq lgnDag jf vf/]h ul/g]5 .
$=!)= k|ljlw ljsf; tyf x:tfGt/0f
xjfO{ p•og ljsf;sf lgldQ cg';Gwfg tyf k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f (Research and
Technology Transfer) h:tf lqmofsnfkdf lghL nufgLstf{nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 .
$=!!= ljdfg:yn juL{s/0f tyf ;+rfng
$=!!=!= ljdfg:ynx?nfO{ lgDg cg';f/ juL{s/0f tyf ;+rfng ul/g]5 M
s= cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn
v= If]qLo xj (Hub) ljdfg:yn
u= ;8s oftfoftsf] kx'Fr k'u]sf] If]qsf ljdfg:yn
3= b'u{d If]qsf ljdfg:yn
$=!!=@= d'n'ssf] b'/ufdL xjfO{ oftfoft ljsf;nfO{ b[li6ut u/L g]kfnnfO{ Plzof
tyf k|zfGt If]qs} 6«flGh6 xjsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ clek|fon] g]kfn
;/sf/ / lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutfdf cfw'lgs ;'ljwfo'Qm gofF cGt/f{li6«o
ljdfg:ynsf] lgdf{0f tyf ljsf; ul/g]5 .
$=!!=#= ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt, hg;+Vofsf] ljt/0f, If]qLo ;Gt'ng, ko{6g k|j4{g,
cGo ljdfg:yn;Fusf] lgs6tf, nfut k|ltkmnsf ;DefjgfnfO{ b[li6ut
u/L ljdfg:ynx?nfO{ s|dz :t/f]Gglt ul/g]5 .
$=!!=$= lj/f6gu/, kf]v/f, e}/xjf, g]kfnuGh / wgu9L ljdfg:ynx?nfO{ If]qLo
xj ljdfg:ynx?sf] ?kdf ljsf; u/L lgs6jtL{ d'n'sx?df xjfO{ ;]jf
lj:tf/ ug{ cfjZos k"jf{wf/ tof/ ul/g]5 . tL ljdfg:ynnfO{ cfwf/
dfgL b'u{d If]qdf xjfO{ ;]jf ;+rfng ul/g]5 .
 $=!!=%= ljdfg:yndf pko'Qm p•og ;xfo pks/0fx?sf] Joj:yf u/L
ljdfg:ynsf] pkof]u ;dodf j[l4 / xjfO{ 6«flkms ljt/0faLrdf ;Gt'ng
Nofpg ;xfos x'g] u/L :n6 (Slot) k|0ffnL cjnDag ul/g]5 .
$=!!=^= ljdfg:ynsf] ljsf;sf nflu of]hgf tof/ u/L :t/ j[l4 tyf
cfw'lgsLs/0fsf] sfo{ s|dz sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .
$=!@= ljdfg:yn ;]jf ;'ljwfx?
$=!@=!= e"ld:y k|jGw ;]jf
ljdfg:ynx?df e"ld:y k|jGw ;]jf (Ground Handling Service) nfO{ a9L
u'0ffTds tyf k|lt:kwL{ ub}{ nlug]5 .
$=!@=@= XofË/ tyf jfo'ofg dd{t ;Def/ ;'ljwf
lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn nufot cGo ljdfg:ynx?df pko'Qm
XofË/ ;'ljwfsf] ljsf; tyf jfo'ofg dd{t ;Def/ sfo{zfnf :yfkgf Pj+
;+rfng ug{ rfxg] lghL If]qsf nufgLstf{nfO{ ;d]t k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 .
$=!@=#= Po/ sfuf]{ ;]jf
lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn nufot cGo ljdfg:ynx?df pko'Qm Po/
sfuf]{ sDKn]S;sf] ljsf; tyf ;+rfngdf lghL If]qsf nufgLstf{nfO{
;d]t k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 .

$=!@=$= xjfO{ OGwg cfk"lt{

pRr u'0f:t/sf] xjfO{ OGwg cfk"lt{sf] e/kbf]{ Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
$=!@=%= cGo ;'ljwf
ljdfg:yn xf]6n -Pc/kf]6{ xf]6n_, s/ d'Qm k;n, sGkm]S;g/L ;k, p8fg
efG5f3/, uNkm Snj, Jofkfl/s tyf dgf]/~hgfTds s]Gb| cflbsf] ljsf;
tyf lj:tf/ u/L ofq' ;'ljwfsf :t/ j[l4 u/L gg\–P/f]gl6sn cfo >f]tsf
;Defjgfx? klxrfg / lj:tf/ ug{ lghL nufgLstf{nfO{ ;d]t k|f]T;fxg
ul/g]5 .
$=!#= hgzlQm ljsf;
$=!#=!= g]kfn gful/s p•og k|lzIf0f k|lti7fgnfO{ ljZj ljBfno tyf
cGt/f{li6«o gful/s p•og ;+u7g (ICAO) sf] 6«]g Po/ sfo{qmd;Fu
;DaGwg u/L lghL If]qaf6 ;+rflnt tflnd tyf z}lIfs ls|ofsnfksf]
u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f tyf lgu/fgL ug]{ Jofj;flos ;+:yfsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{
;+:yfut tyf sfg'gL ;'wf/ ul/g]5 .
$=!#=@= xjfO{ ;]jfdf cfjZos kg]{ hgzlQm kl/k"lt{ ug{ ;Sg] u/L :jb]zL tyf
ljb]zL nufgLstf{nfO{ tflnd ;+rfng ug{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 .
$=!$= lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf
$=!$=!= xjfO{ oftfoft ;+/rgfx? h:t} ljdfg:yn, ljdfg:yn If]q leq kg]{
;8s, /]ndfu{, 6ld{gn ejg, ;~rf/, kyk|bz{g h:tf k"jf{wf/x?sf]
 ljsf; cGo pBf]u tyf ;+:yf ;+rfng ubf{ lgdf{0f–;+rfng–x:tfGt/0f
(BOT); ;+rfng–x:tfGt/0f (OT); lgdf{0f–:jfldTj–;+rfng–x:tfGt/0f
(BOOT) jf cGo pko'Qm k|lqmofåf/f :jb]zL÷ljb]zL lghL If]qsf]
nufgLnfO{ v'Nnf ul/g]5 .
$=!$=@= jfo'ofg ;+rfng, k|lzIf0f, dd{t ;+ef/ tyf ofq' ;]jf ;'ljwf k|bfos
pBf]ux?df lgDg cg';f/ ljb]zL nufgL ug{ :jLs[lt lbg ;lsg]5 ,–
– cGt/f{li6«o jfo';]jf – *) k|ltzt;Dd
– cfGtl/s jfo';]jf – $( k|ltzt;Dd
– k|lzIf0f ;+:yf – (% k|ltzt;Dd
– dd{t ;+ef/ ;+:yf – (% k|ltzt;Dd
$=!$=# ljb]zL nufgLstf{sf] g]kfndf xjfO{ oftfoft If]qdf %) nfv o'=P;=8n/
jf ;f] eGbf a9L nufgL u/]df To:tf xjfO{ oftfoft;Fu ;DalGwt pBf]u,
Joj;fo, ;]jf tyf kl/of]hgf k|of]hgsf nflu ;+nUg x'g] ljb]zL hgzlQm
/ lghsf] cfl>t kl/jf/sf] lgldQ g]kfndf ljb]zL nufgL /x];Dd
cfjf;Lo leiff lbg] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
$=!%= xjfO{ ef8f
$=!%=!= g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0fsf] l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/df clwstd /
Go"gtd ;Ldf tf]sL k|To]s p8fg v08sf] xjfO{ ef8f ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f
ug]{5 .
$=!%=@= ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] xjfO{ ef8f b/df ;]jf ;+rfng gu/L a9L ef8f lng] tyf
c:j:y k|lt:kwf{ ug]{ jfo';]jfx?nfO{ g]kfn gful/s p•og k|flws/0fn]
x:tIf]k u/L sfg"gL sf/jfxL ug{ ;Sg]5 .

$=!^= cGt/f{li6«o rf6{/ p8fg

cGt/f{li6«o rf6{/ -ofq'÷sfuf]{_ p8fgnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ u/L cg'dlt k|lqmofdf
;/nLs/0f ul/g]5 .
$=!&= g]kfn gful/s p•og k|flws/0f
$=!&=!= g]kfn gful/s k|flws/0fnfO{ gful/s p8\8og If]qsf] lgodg, lgoGq0f, Pj+
lj:tf/sf sfo{x? k|efjsf/L ?kn] ;+rfng ug{ Pp6f ;Ifd gful/s
p8\8og lgodgsf/L lgsfo -P/f]gl6sn /]u'n]6/L a8L_ Pj+ Joj;flos
;+:yfsf] ?kdf ;'b[9 ub}{ nlug]5 .
$=!&=@ hUuf hldgsf] :jfldTj ;'/lIft /xg] u/L k|flws/0fn] o; gLltdf pNn]v
ePsf sfo{x? ;+rfng tyf k|flws/0fsf] cfly{s ljsf; tyf
ljljwLs/0fsf nflu dGqfnosf] l:js[tL lnO{ hUuf hldgnfO{ Joj;flos
k|of]hgdf NofO{ cfo cfh{g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
%= sfo{gLlt
%=! Ohfht
;/sf/af6 :jLs[t gLltleq /xL xjfO{ oftfoft;Fu ;Da4 jfo';]jf ;+rfng ;+:yf,
jfo'ofg dd{t ;+ef/ ;+:yf, xjfO{ p8fg k|lzIf0f ;+:yf tyf xjfO{ oftfoftnfO{
cfjZos kg]{ cGo hgzlQm pTkfbg ug]{ ;+:yfx?sf] Ohfht, Ohfht k|fKt
;+:yfnfO{ ;]jf ;+rfng k|df0fkq (AOC), cfwf/:yn (Operation Base) lgwf{/0f,
pks/0f yk36, ?6 kl/jt{g / :t/j[l4 ;DaGwL sfo{ kf/bzL{ Pj+ Plss[t?kdf
g]kfn gful/s p•og k|flws/0faf6 ug]{ Psåf/ k|0fflnsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 .
%=@= p8fg ;'/Iff (Flight Safety)
%=@=!= k|];/fOH8 jfo'ofgsf] xsdf !% -kGw|_ jif{ eGbf k'/fgf] jf Osf]gf]ld l8hfOg
nfOkm -Economic Design Life) sf] &% k|ltzt k"/f u/]sf] jf $%)))
k|];/fOh]zg ;fOsn k"/f u/]sf] h'g klxn] x'g cfpF5 To:tf jfo'ofgx?sf]
cfoft ug{ lgif]w ul/g]5 .
%=@=@= k|];/fO{H8 gePsf jfo'ofgsf] xsdf cfoft ul/g] jfo'ofgsf] s]z 6' s]z
j]l;; -case to case basis) df / jfo'ofgsf] /]s8{x?sf] k"0f{ hf+r u/L
lg0f{o ul/g]5 . t/ @) jif{eGbf k'/fgf jfo'ofgnfO{ cfoft ug{ ;fdfGotof
cg'dlt k|bfg ul/g] 5}g .
%=@=#= Osf]gf]lds l8hfOg nfO{km -Economic Design Life) sf] cfwf eGbL a9L pd]/
-life) k'u]sf pko{'Qmfg';f/sf k|];/fOH8 tyf gg\ k|];/fOH8 b'j} k|sf/sf
jfo'ofgx?sf] xsdf Oi6«r/n OlG6lu|6L k|f]u|fd -structural integrity
programme) tof/ u/L ;f] sf] cfwf/df dfq p8fg ;+rfng ug{ lbOg]5 .
%=@=$= jfo'ofgsf] v/Lb u/L jf lnh kr]{h u/L k}7f/L u/]sf jfo'ofgx?sf] k}7f/L
ubf{sf] cj:yfdf % aif{ jf ;f] eGbf sd pd]/ ePdf To:tf jfo';]jf
;+rfng ;+:yfnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 .
%=#= Ifdtf tyf k"FhL nufgL
%=#=!= cfGtl/s lgoldt p8fg ;+rfng ug]{ jfo';]jf ;+rfng ;+:yf;Fu slDtdf #
-tLg_ j6f jfo'ofgx? x'g'kg]{5 . tL dWo] sDtLdf Pp6f jfo'ofg b'u{d
If]qsf ljdfg:yndf ;+rfng ug{sf nflu pko'Qm x'g'kg]{ / Pp6f
jfo'ofgsf] :jfdLTj jfo';]jf ;+rfng ;+:yfdf x'g'kg]{5 .
%=#=@= lgDg ;+:yfsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Go'gtd r'Qmfk"FhL x'g' kg]{5 M
cGt/f{li6«o jfo';]jf – krf; s/f]8 ?k}of
cfGtl/s jfo';]jf – kGw| s/f]8 ?k}of
xjfO{ p8fg k|lzIf0f ;+:yf (Flying School) – bz s/f]8 ?k}of
jfo'ofg / jfo'ofgsf kf6{k"hf{ dd{t
;Def/ ;+:yf – kf+r s/f]8 ?k}of
PleP;g :kf]6{; (Aviation Sports) – Ps s/f]8 ?k}of
 %=#=#= jfo';]jf ;+rfns ;+:yfsf ;+:yfks (Promotors) n] g]kfn ;/sf/, g]kfn
gful/s p•og k|flws/0f, g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf ;+:yfx?nfO{
ltg{ afFsL jSof}tf g/x]sf] / g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] shf{ sfnf] ;"rLdf gk/]sf]
x'g' kg]{5 .
%=$= xjfO{ oftfoft k"jf{wf/ ljsf;
%=$=! lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn
%=$=!=! g]kfn ;/sf/, g]kfn gful/s p•og k|flws/0f tyf lghL nufgL
;d]t kl/rfng u/L lqe'jg cGt/f{li6|o ljdfg:ynsf] bL3{sflng
of]hgf cg';f/ qmdz lj:tf/ tyf :t/j[l4 ul/g]5 .
%=$=!=@ lqe'jg cGt/f{li6|o ljdfg:ynsf] Joj:yfksLo IfdtfnfO{ cem
a9L k|efjsf/L tyf ;'b[9 t'Nofpg ;+:yfut ;'wf/ ul/g]5 .
%=$=@= gof+ cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn
xjfO{ oftfoft lj:tf/sf nflu cfw'lgs ;'ljwfo'Qm cGt/f{li6|o ljdfg:yn
lgdf{0fsf lgldQ cGt/f{li6|o gful/s p8\8og ;+u7gJbf/f lgwf{l/t
dfkb08nfO{ ;d]t b[li6ut u/L gofF cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f ul/g]5 .
%=$=@=!= ljutdf ePsf ;+efJotf cWoog / yk cfjZos
cWoogx?sf] d"Nof+sg tyf bL3{sfnLg k|efjnfO{ b[li6ut u/L
gof+ cGt/f{li6|o ljdfg:ynsf] u'? of]hgf tof/ ul/g]5 .
%=$=@=@= ljdfg:yn lgdf{0fsf nflu cfjZos hUuf k|flKt tyf Joj:yfkg,
ko{6sLo :yn, jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg, j;fO{ ;/fO{
of]hgfnfO{ Wofgdf /flvg] 5 .
%=$=@=#= ljdfg:yn lgdf{0fsf nflu /fi6«sf] d"Vo d'Vo zx/df hf]8\g] 7"nf
;8sx?sf] u'? of]hgf / cf}Bf]lus ljsf; ;d]tnfO{ d"Nof+sg
ul/g]5 .
%=$=@=$= ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos >f]t h'6fpg
nufgLsf] ljleGg k|f?k (Modality) cWoog u/L :jb]zL tyf
ljb]zL lghL nufgLstf{nfO{ ;d]t cfslif{t ug]{ u/L k|lqmof
lgwf{/0f / sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .
%=%= If]qLo xj ljdfg:yn M
If]qLo ;Gt'ng tyf xjfO{ oftfoft ljsf;df b"/ufdL dxTj /fVg] ljdfg:ynx?sf]
lgdf{0f Pj+ ljsf;sf nflu -s"n lgdf{0f nfutsf] &) k|ltzt g]kfn ;/sf/ -a}b]lzs
;xof]u ;d]t_, !% k|ltzt k|flws/0f / afFsL !% k|ltzt :yfgLo lgsfo tyf_ lghL
If]qsf] ;xeflutf h'6fOg]5 . lghL If]qsf] nufgL 36÷a9 ePdf ;f]xL cg'kftdf
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] nufgL lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 . To;/L x'g] nufgLsf] c+z yk36 ePdf
;f]xL cg'kftdf nufgLstf{sf] nufgLnfO{ z]o/ jf C0f nufgL ug{] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
%=^= ljBdfg kf]v/f ljdfg:yn M
l5Gg]8fF8f kf]v/f gofF ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f eO{ ;+rfngdf cfP kl5 ljBdfg kf]v/f
ljdfg:ynnfO{ Joj;flos cjwf/0ff cg';f/ ljleGg Joj;fo ;+rfng ug{ g]kfn
 gful/s p•og k|flws/0fn] cWoog u/L pko'Qm cjwf/0ff lgwf{/0f u/L sfof{Gjog
ul/g]5 .
%=&= ;fgf ljdfg:yn÷x]lnkf]6{÷x]lnKof8
b]zsf] cfjZostf, ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt, hg;+Vofsf] ljt/0f, If]qLo ;Gt'ng, ko{6g
k|j4{g cGo ljdfg:ynsf] lgs6tf, nfut k|ltkmnsf ;Defjgf ;d]tsf] d"Nof+sg u/L
hg;xeflutf jf :yfgLo lgsfosf] jf ;+o'Qm nufgLdf ljdfg:yn tyf x]lnkf]6{
lgdf{0f Pj+ ;+rfngsf] cg'dlt (Permission) lb+bf b]xfosf] sfo{gLlt clVtof/ ul/g]5
;
%=&=!= lgs6:y ljdfg:ynaf6 k|:tfljt ladfg:ynsf] b"/L, lxdfnL / kxf8L If]qdf
;fwf/0ftof @) gl6sn dfOn / t/fO{ tyf leqL dw]zdf sDtLdf $)
g6Lsn dfOnsf] x'g'kg]{ .
t/ x]lnkf]6{÷x]lnKof8 lgdf{0fsf] nflu b'/L u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .
%=&=@= ljdfg:yn lgdf{0fsf] nflu nfUg] cfly{s nufgLsf] s]xL c+z :yfgLo
hg;xeflutf / :yfgLo lgsfosf] of]ubfgsf] k|Tofe'lt eO{ gcfP;Dd gofF
;–;fgf ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f Ohfht lbOg] 5}g . ljdfg:yn lgdf{0fdf
hg;xeflutfjf6 nufgLsf] a9L eGbf a9L cfly{s of]ubfg h'6fpg]
k|Tofe"ltsf] cfwf/df k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f u/L Ohfht lbg] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
%=&=#= k|flws/0faf6 ljdfg:yn, x]lnkf]6{ tyf x]lnKof8 ;+rfngsf nflu tf]s]
adf]lhdsf] k|fljlws dfkb08 Pj+ k|lqmofx? k'/f ug'{kg]{5 .
%=&=$= xjfO{ ;'/Iff sfo{qmd cg';f/sf] ;'/Iff Joj:yf ug]{ k|Tofe"lt ePsf] x'g'kg]{5
.
%=*= Po/ g]leu]zg ;]jf
g]kfnsf] Po/ g]leu];g ;]jf (Air Navigation Service) nfO{ ;dofg's"n ;'wf/ u/L
cem a9L k|efjsf/L jgfpg cfjZos cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L k|ls|of (Modality)
lgwf{/0f u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .
%=(= b'u{d If]q xjfO{ ;]jf ljsf; tyf lj:tf/
kxf8L e]udf xjfO{ oftfoft g} Psdfq dfWod ePsf]n] /fli6|o cjZostfnfO{
b[li6ut u/L s]Gb|Lo /fhdfu{sf] ;~hfndf hf]8\g] df]6/ af6f] k'Ug nfdf] ;do nfUg],
ko{6sLo b[li6n] dxTjk"0f{ tyf If]qLo Pj+ cfly{s ;+t'ngdf 6]jf k'/\ofpg ;xfos
x'g] b'u{d If]qsf ljdfg:ynx?sf] :t/j[l4 tyf ;'b[9Ls/0fsf nflu lgDgfg';f/sf]
Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
%=(=!= b'u{d If]qsf] xjfO{ ;]jf :t/ a[l4sf] nflu cfjZostf cg';f/
hg;xeflutf h'6fO{ pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ ;ls|o t'NofO{ ;+ej eP;Dd ;f]
;ldlt dfkm{t lgdf{0f ljsf; sfo{ ug]{ Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
%=(=@= cfjZos kg]{ hUuf :yfgLo lgsfo dfkm{t pknAw x'g'kg]{ .
%=(=#= xjfO{ ;'/Iff k|aGw :yfgLo k|zf;gåf/f lbg ;Sg] k|Tofe"lt k|fKt x'g'kg]{ .
%=(=$= b'u{d If]qdf xjfO{ ;]jf ;~rfngnfO{ ;'ne tyf lgoldt t'Nofpg æb'u{d
If]q xjfO{ ;]jf ;+rfng sf]ifÆ nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 .
 %=!)= ljdfg:yn ;+rfng tyf Joj:yfkg
g]kfn gful/s p•og k|flws/0fn] ljdfg:ynx?sf] ;+rfng tyf Joj:yfkg :yfgLo
lgsfo jf g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf dfkb08 k'/f ug]{ ;+:yfnfO{ s/f/df lbg
;Sg]5 .
%=!!= ljBdfg ljdfg:yn M ljdfg:ynx?sf] ;]jf ;'ljwf tyf :t/a[l4sf nflu sfo{ of]hgf
tof/ u/L r/0fj4 ?kdf sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .
%=!@= cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg
o; gLltsf] sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg tyf k|efjsfl/tfsf] d"Nof+sg ;/sf/af6 ul/g]5
.
^= /fli6«o xjfO{ gLlt, @)%) vf/]h ul/Psf]5 .