ENGLISH • 2

Week
Modals everywhere
14
Modals everywhere ENGLISH 2 Week 14

This lesson will help you Words/expressions related to culture:

to learn about the topics Customs and social etiquette.
related to the Past actions: Past Perfect.

week 14 Contrasting past tenses:

Past Simple.
Past Continuous.
You will learn about: Past Perfect.
Modals everywhere ENGLISH 2 Week 14

Words/
expressions
related to
culture:
Customs and
social etiquette
BUS ROUTES

ROUTE 1
ROUTE 2
ROUTE 3
ROUTE 4
ROUTE 5
Modals everywhere ENGLISH 2 Week 14

Words/expressions related to culture: Customs and social etiquette

Nice to
meet you

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Modals everywhere ENGLISH 2 Week 14

Words/expressions related to culture: Customs and social etiquette

Here you have some vocabulary about culture and social etiquette:

Word Translation

Excuse me/Sorry Lo siento

No problem No hay problema

My apologies Mis disculpas

Nice to meet you Encantado en conocerte

Please Por favor

Thank you/ Thanks Gracias

Thanks a lot Muchas gracias

Please, come in.
You’re welcome De nada

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Modals everywhere ENGLISH 2 Week 14

Words/expressions related to culture: Customs and social etiquette

Word Translation

Behavior Comportamiento
Faux pas Meter la pata

Formal Formal

Manners Modales

Offend Ofender

Polite Cortés

Rude Grosero

Uncouth Tosco
He made a faux pas.

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Modals everywhere ENGLISH 2 Week 13

Words/expressions related to culture: Customs and social etiquette

Word Translation

Burp Eructar
Greet Saludar

Interrupt Interrumpir

Shake hands Apretar las manos para saludar

Slurp Sorber

Stare Mirar fijamente

Yawn Bostezar

I hate when people burp in public.

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Modals everywhere ENGLISH 2 Week 14

Words/expressions related to culture: Customs and social etiquette

Here you have some examples:

He is so annoying. He always He is pretty polite.

slurps the soup.

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Modals everywhere ENGLISH 2 Week 14

Past actions:
Past Perfect

BUS ROUTES

ROUTE 1
ROUTE 2
ROUTE 3
ROUTE 4
ROUTE 5
Modals everywhere ENGLISH 2 Week 14

Past actions: Past Perfect

He got sick
because he had
eaten a lot of
candy.

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Modals everywhere ENGLISH 2 Week 14

Past actions: Past Perfect

The Past Perfect is used when you want to talk about an event that happened before another one.

Main verb in
Subject Auxiliary verb Complement
participle form
I had waited for an hour.
You had planned the best trip.

She had lost her keys.

He had found a pen in his pocket.

It had fallen from the ceiling.

We had eaten that before.

They had bet money.

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Modals everywhere ENGLISH 3 Week 14

Past actions: Past Perfect

This is the way to make negative sentences using Past Perfect:

Negative

Full form Short form

I had not waited for an hour. I hadn’t waited for an hour.

You had not planned the best trip. You hadn’t planned the best trip.

She had not lost her keys. She hadn’t lost her keys.
They had not bet money. They hadn’t bet money.

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Modals everywhere ENGLISH 2 Week 14

Past actions: Past Perfect

Here you have some examples:

She had escaped when she He had not delivered the

was caught. homework on time.

They had stolen the money We hadn’t lied.

from the government.

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 Modals everywhere ENGLISH 2 Week 14

Past actions: Past Perfect

This is the way to ask questions using Past Perfect:

Auxiliary verb Subject Complement

Had I waited for an hour?

Had you planned the best trip?

Had she lost her keys?

Had he found a pen in his pocket?

Had it fallen from the ceiling?

Had we eaten that before?

Had they bet money?

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 Modals everywhere ENGLISH 2 Week 14

Past actions: Past Perfect

This is the way to make short and long answers using Past Perfect:

Affirmative answers

Short answer Full answer

Yes, I had. Yes, I had waited for an hour.

Yes, she had. Yes, she had lost her keys.

Negative answers

Short answer Full answer

No, I hadn’t. No, I had not waited for an hour.

No, she hadn’t. No, she had not lost her keys.

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Modals everywhere ENGLISH 2 Week 14

Past actions: Past Perfect

Here you have some examples:

Had you seen that Had they been in this country?

movie before?

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Modals everywhere ENGLISH 2 Week 14

Contrasting
tenses:
Past simple,
Past
continuous and
Past perfect
BUS ROUTES

ROUTE 1
ROUTE 2
ROUTE 3
ROUTE 4
ROUTE 5
Modals everywhere ENGLISH 2 Week 14

Contrasting tenses: Past simple, Past continuous and Past perfect

Where
were you
last night?

I had to
work all
night.

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Modals everywhere ENGLISH 2 Week 14

Contrasting tenses: Past simple, Past continuous and Past perfect

Here you have some ideas about the differences between these tenses:

Past Simple

Use Example

Completed actions I saw the new James Bond film yesterday.

Repeated actions in the past I went to the theater four times last month.

Fifty years ago, people didn’t spend as much

General truths about the past
on entertainment as they do today.

Main events in a story Josh pushed the door open and

looked inside the room.

Tips ! The Past Simple is often used with the following words
and phrases: Yesterday - last week/summer/year - in
January/2001 - an hour/a week/a year ago.

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 Modals everywhere ENGLISH 2 Week 14

Contrasting tenses: Past simple, Past continuous and Past perfect

Past Continuous

Use Example

Actions happening at a specific Last night, at nine o’clock, I was watching TV.
moment in the past
Two actions in progress at the I was reading a book while you were doing
same time in the past the washing-up.

Background information in a story It was raining, so Wendy decided to go to the cinema.

When one action in the past The phone rang while I was watching a movie.
happens in the middle of another

Tips ! The Past Continuous is often used with the following words
and phrases: at that moment - at one/two/ o’clock - while.

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Modals everywhere ENGLISH 2 Week 14

Contrasting tenses: Past simple, Past continuous and Past perfect

Past Perfect

Use Example

I had finished my homework a few minutes before the

Actions and states before a
lesson started.
moment in the past
Mrs. Stuart had been a teacher for twenty years before
she became a head teacher.

Depending on the way in which The lesson started when I arrived (= I arrived and then the
we use the Past Simple or the lesson started).
Past Perfect, they can change The lesson had started when I arrived. (= The lesson
the meaning of a sentence. started and then, I arrived).

Tips ! The Past Perfect is often used with the following words and
phrases: By, by the time, before, after, just and already.

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Modals everywhere ENGLISH 2 Week 14

Contrasting tenses: Past simple, Past continuous and Past perfect

Here you have some examples:

I was going to work when I By the time I got to class, the The teacher had checked the
realized I had forgotten my lesson had started. answers before the lesson finished.
cellphone at home.

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Modals everywhere ENGLISH 2 Week 14

Contrasting tenses: Past simple, Past continuous and Past perfect

Here you have some examples:

I left after I had Simon had just finished the The concert had already started
finished the test. test when the bell rang. when we arrived.

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Modals everywhere ENGLISH 2 Week 14

Congratulations!
Now, go to the activities section
and practice what you have learnt.
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