LEARNING

MODULE
MATHEMATICS Gr.8│Module 13

HINGE THEOREM AND

PARALLEL LINES
CUT BY A
TRANSVERSAL
 MODULE IN MATHEMATICS GRADE 8
MODULE 13

This Module was designed in response to the “new normal” school year, resilience must be built into our
educational systems to ensure that knowledge and skills remain a priority for all students. This Module contains
the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) an innovative response to the present situation of our
educational system. With the distance education or learning, the school hope for a continuous learning for the
students who may not be physically present at school. This is also to ensure the safety and health of the students.
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES (MELC):
The learner:
A. illustrates theorems on triangle inequalities (Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem, Triangle Inequality
Theorem, Hinge Theorem);
B. applies theorems on triangle inequalities;
C. proves inequalities in a triangle; and
D. proves properties of parallel lines cut by a transversal.

CONSULTING YOUR BOOKS:

The following are the topic and the pages on your books, Grade 8 Patterns and Practicalities, where you can
find the lessons.
Lesson 1: Hinge Theorem and its Converse (379-380)
Lesson 2: Parallel Lines Cut by a Transversal (399-403)

EXPLORE:
ACTIVITY 1

ACTIVITY 2

FIRM UP:
LESSON 1: HINGE THEOREM AND ITS CONVERSE
Hinge - a movable joint or mechanism on which a door, gate, or lid swings as it opens and closes or which
connects linked objects.

HINGE THEOREM
▰ If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle, but the included angle of the
first triangle is greater than the included angle of the second, then the third side of the first triangle is
longer than the third side of the second.

Examples:

AB = DE
BC = EF
∠E = 82˚ > ∠B = 63˚
DF > AC

AC = BC
CR = CR
∠BCR = 32˚> ∠ACR = 18˚
BR > AR

2
 AC = DF
BC = EF
∠C = 85˚ > ∠F = 41˚
AB > DE

CONVERSE OF HINGE THEOREM

▰ If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle, but the third side of the first
triangle is longer than the third side of the second, then the included angle of the first triangle is larger
than the included angle of the second.

Examples:
AB = DE
BC = EF
AC > DF
∠B > ∠E

AD = BC
BD = BD
AB > DC
∠1 > ∠2

AC = DF
AB = DE
BC > EF
∠A > ∠D

LESSON 2: PARALLEL LINES CUT BY A TRANSVERSAL

Transversal - A line that intersects two or more lines at different points.

Line c is the transversal

and there are eight
angles formed.

ANGLES FORMED WHEN PARALLEL LINES ARE CUT BY A TRANSVERSAL

INTERIOR ANGLES
- These are angles that are bounded by both lines and are located inside the parallel lines.
Examples (using the figure above): ∠2, ∠7, ∠3, and ∠6

EXTERIOR ANGLES
- These are angles that are located outside the boundary lines.
Examples: ∠1, ∠8, ∠4, and ∠5

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ALTERNATE INTERIOR ANGLES
- These are interior angles that do not belong on the same side of the transversal.
Examples: ∠2 and ∠6, ∠7 and ∠3

ALTERNATE EXTERIOR ANGLES

- These are exterior angles that do not belong on the same side of the transversal.
Examples: ∠1 and ∠5, ∠8 and ∠4

SAME SIDE INTERIOR ANGLES

- These are interior angles that are located on the same side of the transversal
Examples: ∠7 and ∠6, ∠2 and ∠3

SAME SIDE EXTERIOR ANGLES

- These are exterior angles that are located on the same side of the transversal
Examples: ∠1 and ∠4, ∠8 and ∠5

CORRESPONDING ANGLES
- These are pairs of non-adjacent angles in which one is interior and one is exterior and corresponds to
each other
Examples: ∠1 and ∠3 ∠2 and ∠4
∠8 and ∠6 ∠7 and ∠5

Examples:
Given that l1 ∥ l2, identify what type of angles are the following:
» ∠5 and ∠1 – Alternate Interior Angles
» ∠5 and ∠2 – Same side Exterior Angles
» ∠7 and ∠2 – Alternate Exterior Angles
» ∠4 and ∠8 – Corresponding Angles
» ∠6 and ∠3 – Alternate Interior Angles

PROPERTIES OF ANGLES WHEN PARALLEL LINES ARE CUT BY A TRANSVERSAL

ALTERNATE INTERIOR ANGLES THEOREM
- If parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the alternate interior angles
are congruent
∠4 ≅ ∠6
∠3 ≅ ∠5

ALTERNATE EXTERIOR ANGLES THEOREM

- If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the alternate exterior
angles are congruent.
∠1 ≅ ∠7
∠2 ≅ ∠8

CORRESPONDING ANGLES THEOREM

- If parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then corresponding angles are congruent.
∠1 ≅ ∠5 ∠4 ≅ ∠8
∠2 ≅ ∠6 ∠3 ≅ ∠7

SAME SIDE INTERIOR ANGLES THEOREM

- If parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the same side interior angles are supplementary.
∠4 + ∠5 = 180˚
∠3 + ∠6 = 180˚
SAME SIDE EXTERIOR ANGLES THEOREM
- If parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the same side exterior angles are supplementary.
∠1 + ∠8 = 180˚
∠2 + ∠7 = 180˚
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EXAMPLES:
If ∠3 measures 124˚, find the measure of all other angles.
∠1 = 56˚ ∠6 = 124˚
∠2 = 124˚ ∠7 = 124˚
∠4 = 56˚ ∠8 = 56˚
∠5 = 56˚

Given that a ∥ b, solve for x and the measurement of the angles.

5x-10 + 8x + 34 = 180
13x + 24 = 180
13x = 156
x = 12
8x + 34 = 8(12) + 34 = 130⁰
5x – 10 = 5(12) – 10 = 50⁰

Given that a ∥ b, solve for x and the measurement of the angles.

3x – 50 = 2x + 10
x = 60
3x – 50 = 3(60) – 50 = 130⁰
2x + 10 = 2(60) + 10 = 130⁰

5
NAME: _________________________________________________________
GRADE AND SECTION: _________________________________________
MODULE 13
HINGE THEOREM AND PARALLEL LINES CUT BY A TRANSVERSAL
ACTIVITY SHEETS
ACTIVITY 1
Compare the sides or angles using the Hinge theorem and its converse using <,>, or =.

∠1 ____ ∠2

1.

∠1 ____ ∠2

2.

XB ____ ZB

3.

HJ _____ KP

4.

5.

ACTIVITY 2:
A. Given that a ∥ b, identify what type of angles are the following:
1. ∠4 and ∠6
2. ∠2 and ∠6
3. ∠4 and ∠5
6
 4. ∠3 and ∠5
5. ∠3 and ∠6
B. Given that a ∥ b, name:
a) Two corresponding angles
b) Two alternate exterior angles
c) Two same side interior angles
d) Two exterior angles
e) Two alternate interior angles

ACTIVITY 3:
If ∠9 measures 80˚ and ∠5 measures 68˚, find the measure of all other
angles.
∠1 = ∠10 =
∠2 = ∠11 =
∠3 = ∠12 =
∠4 = ∠13 =
∠6 = ∠14 =
∠7 = ∠15 =
∠8 =

ACTIVITY 4:
Solve for the measurement of each angles given the following. Show your solutions.