1.

__________ refined the system into five kingdoms by identifying the fungi as a
separate multicellular eucaryotic kingdom of organisms, by their absorptive mode of
nutrition.
2. Who proposed the four postulates which are used in determining the cause of
diseases?
3. Who disproved spontaneous generation theory by his goose neck flask experiment?
4. Give an example for prokaryotic photosynthetic microorganism.
5. Which organism is commonly used for the biotransformation of carbohydrates in to
alcohol?
6. Use of which of the following allows a dramatic increase in magnification and
resolution, over what are possible using light microscopes?
7. The yardstick unit for microbiologists is the micrometer. How many micrometers
make one meter?
8. The organisms that require low oxygen concentration levels in the environment
______________
9. The most expensive truffle mushrooms are produced by ascomycetes fungus,
belonging to the genus __Tuber_____
10. The microorganisms that thrive at very high or very low temperatures, high salt
concentrations, high acidic and alkaline environments, and such adverse conditions are
known as ---------------------
11. The fungi penetrates the host cells by branched hypha and produce bulbous structures
are called ______________ 
12. The domain Archaea encompasses ___________________
13. The cytoplamic membrane invagination during cell division is called
______________. 
14. The cell division of bacteria is referred as transverse ___________fission.
15. The algal component in Lichens is referred as
16. The ability of the microscope to distinguish two objects close to each other is known
as.
17. Taphrina that causes fungal leaf curl disease in peach exists in either hyphae or single
celled. The condition is known as _____Dimorphic________________
18. Study of fungi is known as______________________
19. Spores with flagella (zoospores) are also referred as ________________
20. Small, powdery and firm colonies that appear on KKA medium are
21. Safranin is a red coloured secondary stain used in _____________________
22. Role of Rose Bengal dye in this technique is to
23. Rhodophycophyta is an algal taxonomic group that includes _Red algae__
24. Resolution power is indirectly proportional to ____________________
25. Primary stain used in Gram’s staining is
26. Preservation of food stuffs can be achieved by using ------------------------
27. Power house of eukaryotic cells are known as ------------------------
28. Phycology is a study of _______________
29. Nigrosin is a stain used in microbiology, which is a --------------------
30. Name the cluster of flagella present on one end of the bacterial cell.
31. Microbes that are having no developed nuclei are known as ________________
32. Members of Mycobacterium species have waxy cell wall and resist ______________
33. Malachite green dye is used in which of the following techniques?
34. Live microbial cells can be viewed with the help of ________________
35. Joseph Lister is now known as the father of ________________
36. ----------------------is the term used to denote bacteria with single or cluster of flagella
at both ends.
37. Intermittent sterilization or fractional sterilization is otherwise known as
______________
38. Indicate in which medium the fungicide is added
39. In the 1930’s __________________devised a method of converting phase changes
into differences in light intensity which resulted in phase contrast microscopy.
40. In general, moist heat is much more effective than dry heat because of its high
penetration power. ------------------ is the equipment that employs this principle for
sterilization purposes
41. Gram positive bacterial cells retain __________________ even after decolorizing
with ethyl alcohol during Gram staining.
42. Fungal component of Lichens is referred as _______________.
43. Fossils are the evidence for microbial life in the ancient times on our planet. Those
rocks that contain recognizable microfossils that appear as diatoms and bacteria are
referred as -------------- 
44. Ethyl Alcohol is used as a surface sterilizing agent at which concentration
45. Deadly poisonous mushrooms are ubiquitous. Amatoxin is obtained from Amanita
46. Classification of any organism is done following which taxonomic hierarchy?
47. Chemicals are used for sterilization where heat cannot be employed. ------------------
is an example for chemical commonly used as a sterilizing agent
48. Bacterial Endospores contain ________________ acid that gives resistance to high
temperature
49. Bacteria that grow under very low temperature environments are known
as______________
50. Asexual spores of fungi, that are enclosed in a sac like structure, are known as
______________
51. Aquatic algae produce ________________which are of highly poisonous
52. Alexander Fleming was awarded Nobel prize along with two others for the discovery
of Penicillin the first antibiotic. Who are the other two scientists?
53. A stain consists of two parts _____________ and auxochrome.
54. ______________was the first to observe microbes and describe them as animalcules.
55. ______________disproved spontaneous generation theory by his goose neck flask
experiment.
56. ______________are power houses of eukaryotic cells
57. _______________is a complex polysaccharide derived from a marine alga
58. ____________________is filamentous oxygenic photosynthetic organism.
59. ______________________ is an example for spherical bacteria that are arranged like
a chain.
60. ______________________ is an example for algal fungal symbiotic association
61. ________________ is a protein that forms bacterial flagellum
62. _______________ microbes derive their food from the host and in return prepare
essential nutrients beneficial to each other
63. _______________ are small, circular and self replicating extra-chromosomal DNA.
64. ______________ is the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane through
lipids or aquaporins, based on solute concentration
65. __________ gas is used to sterilize surgical appliances which kills all microbes and
endospores. It is toxic and explosive in pure form.
66. Alternate pathways to EMP are Pentose and Hexose phosphoketolase pathway, Entner
Duodoroff Pathway (ED) and Hexose monophosphate (HMP) pathways
67. An actinobacteria associated with nodules of casuarina is Frankia.
68. Archae bacteria comprise of all extremophiles like halophiles, thermoacidophiles and
methanogens
69. Azolla is a water fern having symbiotic association with Anabaena azollae.
70. Bacteria multiplies by binary fission
71. Cell wall of gram positive bacteria contains more peptidoglycan and techoic acid.
72. Chemoautotrophs require inorganic chemicals and carbon dioxide for growth
73. Chromosome in bacterium is double stranded circular molecule of DNA
74. Continuous culture contains cells of log phase
75. Define “Chemoautotrophs”
76. Define“Sterilization”
77. Differentiate aerobic respiration from anaerobic respiration
78. Endospores of bacteria are rich in dipicolinic acid
79. Ethanol production from molasses is carryout by yeast. Name the genus and species
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
80. Generation time or doubling time of bacterial cells can be assessed during log phase
of growth.
81. Heterocysts are specialized cells in cyanobacteria involved in nitrogen fixation
82. How will you calculate Magnifying power of a compound microscope?
83. Locomotive organelle of bacterium is flagellum, (flagellin is the protein it is made up
of)
84. Merozygote occurs in bacteria (Merozygote is a state when a cell, usually bacterium,
is temporarily partial diploid as a result of DNA transfer processes like conjugation)
85. Mesophilic microorganisms require 20 - 40°C temperature range
86. Mesosomes are present in dividing prokaryotic cels.
87. Metachromatic granules consists of phosphates
88. Microaerophilic microorganisms require 2% oxygen in their environment.
89. Pasteurization is a process to remove pathogenic bacteria only
90. Prokaryotic microorganisms include Eubacteria (Bacteria), Actinobacteria
(Actinomycetes) and Cyanobacteria (Blue green alga)
91. Staphylococcal arrangement is formed due to clustering of spherical bacterial cells.
92. Synchronous culture contains physiologically similar cells
93. The end product of EMP/glycolytic pathway
94. What are plasmids ?
95. What are protozoa? BGA?
96. What are the end products of TCA cycle FADH2, NADH+H, GTP and CO2
97. What are the properties of agar agar ?
98. What is the sedimentation co-efficient of ribosomes in prokaryotes (70S)
99. Who got Nobel prize in1952 for discovery of Streptomycin ?
100. Who observed sewage water and tooth pickings with help of handmade lenses
and reported his observations as “Animalcules” to Royal society of London during 17 th
century
101. Yeast is a fermentative, facultative anaerobic eukaryotic organism under
Ascomycetes class