USEFUL STRUCTURES FOR PART 1 AND PART 2
Main point of knowledge and
structures
Wh- questions
Wh+ aux + S+ V?
Who/ what + V ( when asking
for the subject)
There is/ there are
Ask the price of something
Talk about preference
Making suggestion
Further knowledge and structures
1.Whose + N+ is/are+ ……?
= who is the owner of N ?
= who does/ do + N+ belong to?
Eg. Whose car is this?
= Who is the owner of this car?
= Who does this car belong to?
2. How + Adj+ be+ S?
= What is the +N+ of …..?/ What is + your/ her/ ….N?
( old- age, long/ length, deep/ depth, heavy/ weight…..)
Eg: How long is this ruler?
= What is the length of this ruler?
…….
There is / are +…+N1+ in/ on/at…+ N2
= N2 has ….N1
Eg: There is a beautiful garden in my house.
My house has a beautiful garden
How much ......cost?
=What is the price of….?
Eg. How much does this shirt cost?
= what is the price of this shirt?
1: S+ like+ N/Ving
= One’s favourite + …+ is N/ Ving
Eg: I like watching TV in my free time
= My favourite activity in my free time is watching TV
2. S+ prefer Ving to Ving
= S would rather V than V
= S+ prefer to V rather than V
Eg.
I prefer reading books to watching TV
= I would rather read books than watch TV
= I prefer to read book rather than watch TV
3: S1+ would rather + S2 + Ved/ V2
( when you want Sb to do something)
Let’s + V.
=shall we + V?
= why don’t we+ V?
= How / what about + Ving?
Should/ shouldn’t S+ should/ shouldn’t + V
= It is good/ not good for O+ to V
= S+ had better + V
= It is time for + O to V
It is quite late. You should go home
= It is quite late. You had better go home
= It is quite late. It is time for you to go home

Can/ could S+ can / could + V

= S+ (have) the ability to V
= S+ ( be) able to V
= S+ (be )capable of + Ving
Must/ mustn’t 1.S+ must + V
= S + have to + V
= It is obligatory for O to V
( must is sometimes different from have to)
= It is obligatory that S+ V(inf)
+ must : giving personal feeling
+ have to: for fact or because of a rule.
Eg.
I must get up early tomorrow. There are a lot of thing I want
to do.
= It is obligatory for me to get up early tomorrow.
= It is obligatory that I get up early tomorrow.
2: S+ mustn’t + V
=S+ be+ not allowed to V
= It is necessary that = S+ not V
EG
You mustn’t tell anyone about this.
=You are not allowed to tell anyone about this.
= It is necessary that you not tell anyone about this
Need/ needn’t 1: S+ need + V
=It is necessary for O+ to V
2: S+ needn’t + V
= S+ don’t/ doesn’t have to + V
= S+ don’t/ doesn’t need to V
= It isn’t necessary for O to V.

May/ might ( not) S+ may/ might + V

= Perhaps + s+ will + V
=It is possible that S+ will + V
EG
There might not be a meeting on Friday.

Comparison
Adv: never, hardly, rarely,
seldom, scarcely….
Present perfect and Past simple
= Perhaps there will not be a meeting
= It is possible that there will not be a meeting
1.S1+ be+ adjer/ more adj+ than + S2
= S2 + be + not+ so+ adj+ as+ S1
=S2 + be+ less+ adj+ than S1
=S2+ be+ adjer/ more adj( opposite meaning) than + S1
Eg: This book is more interesting than that one
= That book is not so interesting as this one
= That book is less interesting than this one
= That book is more boring than that one.
2.S+ be + the Adjest/ most adj in/ of…
= No… is as + adj+ as+ S
= S1 + be+ adj+er/ more adj than every….in/ of…
Eg. Nam is the tallest in my class.
= No one in my class is as tall as Nam
= Nam is taller than everyone in my class.
3: S1 is the adj+est/ most adj N + S2 ( have) ever + P2
= S2+ (have) never P2 such a/ an adj + N
= S2+ (have) never +P2 a/an +adj+er/ more adj+ than S1
Eg. This is the most interesting book I’ve ever read
= I’ve never read such an interesting book
= I’ve never read a more interesting book than this ( one)
1.S+ never, hardly, rarely…..+ V(s/es)
= Never/ hardly…..do/ does + S+ V(inf)
EG: They seldom eat meat.
= seldom do they eat meat.
2: S+ have/ has never+ P2
= Never + have/ has + S+ P2
EG: I have never seen her before.
= Never have I seen her before.
1.S+ have/ has+ P2+ since + S+ Ved
= S+ started+ Ving+ when + S+ Ved
Eg. I have learnt English since I was 6 years old.
= I started leaning English when I was 6 years old
2: S+ have/ has+ P2+ for + period of time
= S+ started + Ving + period of time+ ago
Eg. I have lived here for 5 years
= I started living here 5 years ago.
3: S have/ has not + P2 for + period of time
= The last time S+ V( simple past)+ was ….ago.
= S+ last V( simple past)+ period of time+ ago
= It is/ has been+ period of time since S+ last + V( simple
past)
Eg.
 I haven’t seen B for 3 months
= The last time I saw B was 3 months ago
= I last saw Ba 3 months ago
= It has been 3 months since I last saw Ba
4: S+ has/ have never ( not) P2 before.
= this is the first time + S+ have/ has + P2
EG: I’ve never seen her before.
= This is the first time I have seen her.
Used to 1.S+ used to + V
= S usually + V( simple past) but now S+ don’t/ doesn’t .
= S+ don’t/ doesn’t + V any more
= S+ no longer + V( present simple)
= no longer do/ does S+ V.
Eg. I usually liked reading comic books but now I don’t.
= I used to like reading comic books.
= I don’t like reading comic books any more.
= I no longer like reading comic books
= No longer do I like comic books.
2.S+ get/ be used to + Ving
= Ving isn’t strange / new for O
Eg:
I am used to driving on the left.
= Driving on the left isn’t strange for me.
Exclamations What (a/ an) adj+ N!
= How +adj+ S+ be!
Eg. What a beautiful house!
= How beautiful the house is!
Making suggestion What/ how about+ Ving?
= Let’s+ V
= Shall we+ V?
= Why don’t we + V?
= Why not + V?
Eg: How about going out for dinner?
= Shall we go out for dinner?
= Let’s go out for dinner.
= why don’t we go out for dinner?

Structure with “ enough”, too, S+ be + not +adj+ enough+ for O+ to V

so, such = S+ be/V+ too + adj/Adv ( opposite) for O +to V
= S+ be/ V + so + adj/ adv + that + S+ V
=It/ they + be+ such( a/an) adj+ N +that + S+V
= So + adj +be + S that S+ can’t / couldn’t V
( so + adv+ do/ does/ did…+S+V+ that + S+ V)
= Such+be+(a/an) adj + N + that +can’t/ couldn’t V

ADV of manner
Structures with Adj
It’s + adj + to V
Adverbial clauses of time
Adverbial clauses of purpose
EG. The water is not warm enough for the children to have a
bath.
= The water is too cold for the children to have a bath.
= The water is so cold that the children can’t have a bath.
=It is such cold water that the children can’t have a bath.
= So cold is the water that the children can’t have a bath.
= Such is the cold water that the children cant have a bath
S+ V + adv
= S+ be+ (a/an) adj+ N
Eg: She drives carefully.
= She is a careful driver
1.It’s + adj + to V
= V-ing + is + adj
Eg. It is important to learn English well
=Learning English well is important
2.S + be + adj + that + S + V
( happy, delighted, certain, relieved, sure, afraid)
I am delighted that you passed your English exam.
3.Subjunctive
It+ be+adj+ that+ S+(not) Vinf/ be+ P2
( advisable, esential,vital,urgent, obligatory, suggested,
important, necessary, recommended, best, ….
Eg. It is essential that she be here.
S+ V+ that + S+ ( not) V(infinitive)/ be P2
( advise, require, demand, ask, order, prefer, insist, request,
suggest, urge…)
EG:
The doctor advised him to stop smoking
= the doctor advised that he stop sming.
-As/ when/ before/ after … + S1+ V(Present simple), S2=
will/ won’t V.
=Ving, S+ will/ won’t+ V
- When / As/ as soon as + S1+ V( past simple), S2+ V
( past simple)
= Ving, S+ Ved
( When S1= S2)
EG: Yesterday, when I finished my work, I went straight to
bed.
= Yesterday when finishing my work, I went straight to bed.
.S+ V + to/ in order to/ so as to + V
= S+ V so that/ in order that/ so as that + SV

Adverbial clauses of reason and
Adverbial clauses of result
Adverbial clauses of concession
Passive voice
= S+ V because S+ want to V
EG: She practices singing all day to win the singing contest
= she practices singing all day so that she can win the
singing contest
= she practices singing all day because she wants to win the
singing contest.
Because/ as/ since S1+V1, S2+ V2
= because of/ due to/ owning to + Ving / N, S2+V2
= S1+V1, so /.There fore, S2+V2
Eg: Because she was ill, she didn’t go to school.
= Because of being ill/ her illness, she didn’t go to school.
=she was ill, so she didn’t go to school
Although/ though/ even though +S1+ V1, S2+ V2
= In spite of the fact that S1+ V1, S2+ V2
= In spite of/ despite + N/ Ving, S2+ V2
= S1+ V1, but/. However, S2+ V2
EG: Although the weather was bad, we enjoyed our trip.
= In spite of the fact that the weather was bad, we enjoyed
out trip.
= Despite the ( bad) weather, We enjoyed our trip.
= The weather was bad. However, we enjoyed our trip.
Active: S + V + O.
Passive: S + Be + V3/ed +( by O)
Other structures
1. People ( they + think / say /suppose / believe / consider /
report…)+ that + S+ V ( V: Present simple/ future simple)
= It's + thought/ said/ supposed/ believed/ considered/
reported…+ that + clause
= S +be +thought/ said/ supposed…+ to + V-inf / to be + P2
Eg:
People say that he is 108 years old.
=It is said that he is 108 years old
=He is said to be 108 years old
2. People / they +( think / say /suppose / believe / consider /
report…)+ that + S+ V ( V: Present continous/ future
continous)
= It's + thought/ said/ supposed/ believed/ considered/
reported…+ that + clause
= S + be + thought/ said/ supposed…+ to + be + ving
EG: People think that he is living in Hanoi.
- It is thought that he is living in HN
- He is thought to be living in HN
3: 1. People / they +( think / say /suppose / believe /
consider / report…)+ that + S+ V ( V: Present perfect, past
simple, past perfect)
= It's + thought/ said/ supposed/ believed/ considered/
reported…+ that + clause
= S + be + thought/ said/ supposed…+ to + have + P2 to
have been + P2
EG: People think that this house was built in Ly dynasty
= It is thought that this house was built in Ly dynasty
= this house is thought to have been built in Ly Dynasty.
4.S + want/ like/expect + someone to do something
S + want /like/expect + something + to be done
Eg:Our teacher wants us to prepare our lessons carefully.
=Our teacher wants our lessons to be prepared carefully.
5.S + see/make/let + someone + do + something (active)
Someone is seen/made + to do something (passive)
Someone is let + do something (passive) but we often say:
someone is (not) allowed to do something
Eg:He made me stay outside yesterday. (active)
=I was made to stay outside yesterday.
The teacher let us go home early last week. (active)
=We were let go home early by the teacher last week.
often: We were allowed to go home early by the teacher last
week.
6. S + have + someone + do something
=S+ get + someone + to do something
=S + have + something + done
Eg: He had his waiter carry the luggage home.
=He had the luggage carried home by the waiter.

7:
Don’t do something (active)  something mustn’t be done
It’s impossible to do something (active)  something can’t
be done
It’s possible to do something (active)  something can be
done
Eg:1 Don’t touch this switch.
=This switch mustn’t be touched
2.It is impossible to do this
=This can’t be done.
8: S + advise/ beg/ urge/ recommend/ ask/ demand/ request
someone( O)to do something (active)
Cách 1: Someone is advised/ begged/ urged/ recommended
to do something
Cách 2: S+ advise/ beg/ urge/ recommend that something
should be done
= S+ advise/ beg…..that Someone( S) ( should) V
Eg: He advised me to sell the car.
= I was advised to sell the car.
= He advised that the car should be sold.
9: S+ agree/ arrange/ determine/ decide/ is determined/ is
anxious +to do something (active)
S + agree/ arrange/ determine/ decide/ is determined/ is
anxious + that something should be done
Eg: She decided to rebuild the house.
= She decided that the house should be rebuilt.

CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT:

1/ It's your duty to+Vinf

-->bị động: You're supposed to+Vinf
VD:  It's your duty to make tea today. >> You are supposed to make
tea today.

2/ It's impossible to+Vinf

-->bị động: S + can't + be + P2
VD: It's impossible to solve this problem. >> This problem can't be
solve.

3/ It's necessary to + Vinf

--> bị động: S + should/ must + be +P2
VD: It's necessary for you to type this letter.  >> This letter should/
must be typed by you.

4/ Mệnh lệnh thức + Object.

--> bị động: S + should/must + be +P2.
VD: Turn on the lights!    >> The lights should be turned on.

BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA CẤU TRÚC " NHỜ AI LÀM GÌ"

 
Chủ động Bị động
Have + sb + V Have + st + P2
Get + sb + to V Get + st + P2

VD:
I have my father repair my bike. >> I have my bike repaired by my
father.
I get my father to wash my car >> I get my car washed by my father

BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ ĐI SAU NÓ LÀ MỘT ĐỘNG TỪ Ở DẠNG VING

Các động từ đó như : love, like, dislike, enjoy, fancy, hate, imagine,
regret, mind, admit, involve, deny, avoid....etc
>> Chủ động: S + V + sb Ving
Bị động: S + V + sb/st + being + P2 
VD: I like you wearing this dress.
>> I like this dress being worn by you.
BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ MAKE/ LET

MAKE
Công thức chủ động : S + make + sb+ Vinf  --> Bị động: S +be+
made + to + Vinf
VD: They make me make tea >> I am made to make tea.
LET
Công thức chủ động: S + let + sb + Vinf  --> Bị động: let + sb/st + be
P2  hoặc   be allowed to Vinf 
VD:
My parents never let me do anything by myself.
→ My parents never let anything be done by myself or I'm
never allowed to do anything by myself by my parents.
They don’t let us beat their dog.
→They don’t let their dog be beaten  or  We are not allowed to
beat their dog. 

BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ TRI GIÁC( Vp --- verb of

perception: see, watch, notice, hear, look…)

1/ Cấu trúc chủ động: S + Vp + sb + Ving

>> Bị động: S + be + P2(of Vp) + Ving
(Ai đó chứng kiến người khác làm gì và chỉ thấy 1 phần của hành
động hoặc 1 hành động đang diễn ra bị 1 hành động khác xen vào)
VD: We saw her overhearing us >> She was seen overhearing us.
2/ Cấu trúc 2: S + Vp + sb + V
>> Bị động: S + be + P2(of Vp) + to +Vinf
(Ai đó chứng kiến người khác làm gì từ đầu đến cuối)
* NOTE: riêng các động từ : feel, find, catch thì chỉ sử dụng công
thức 1.

BỊ ĐỘNG KÉP

1/ Khi main verb ở thời HIỆN TẠI

Công thức: 
People/they + think/say/suppose/believe/consider/report.....+ that +
clause.
>> Bị động:
a/ It's + thought/said/ supposed/believed/considered/reported...+
that + clause
( trong đó clause = S + Vinf + O)
b/ Động từ trong clause để ở thì HTDG hoặc TLĐ
S + am/is/are + thought/ said/supposed... + to + Vinf
VD: People say that he is a good doctor.
>> It's said that he is a good doctor.
He is said to be a good doctor.
c/ Động từ trong clause để ở thời QKDG hoặc HTHT.
S + am/is/are + thought/ said/ supposed... + to + have + P2.
VD: People think he stole my car.
>> It's thought he stole my car.
He is thought to have stolen my car.

2/ Khi main verb ở thời QUÁ KHỨ.

Công thức: 
People/they + thought/said/supposed...+ that + clause.
>>Bị động:
a/ It was + thought/ said/ supposed...+ that + clause.
b/ Động từ trong clause để ở thì QKĐ:
S + was/were + thought/ said/ supposed... + to + Vinf.
VD: People said that he is a good doctor.
>> It was said that he is a good doctor.
He was said to be a good doctor.
c/ Động từ trong clause ở thì QKHT 
S + was/were + thought/ said/ supposed... + to + have + P2.
VD: They thought he was one of famous singers.
>> It was thought he was one of famous singers. He was thought to be
one of famous singers.

BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA 7 ĐỘNG TỪ ĐẶC BIỆT

Các động từ : suggest, require, request, order, demand, insist(on),
recommend.
Công thức: 
S + suggest/ recommend/ order/ require... + that + clause.
( trong đó clause = S + Vinf + O)
>> Bị động:
 It + was/ will be/ has been/ is... + P2 (of 7 verbs) + that + st + be + P2.
( trong đó "be" là không đổi vì động từ trong clause ở câu chủ động ở
dạng Vinf)
VD: He suggested that she buy a new car. >> It was suggessted that a
new car be bought.

BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA CẤU TRÚC CHỦ NGỮ GIẢ " IT".

Công thức: 
It + be + adj + for sb + to do st.
>>Bị động:
It + be + adj + for st + to be done.
VD: It is difficult for me to finish this test in one hour >> It is difficult
for this test to be finished in one hour.

BỊ ĐỘNG TRONG TRƯỜNG HỢP 2 TÂN NGỮ

Trong đó : Oi = Indirect Object.
Od = Direct Object.
Công thức: 
S + V + Oi + Od
>>Bị động:
1/ Oi + be + P2( of V) + Od.
2/ Od + be + P2( of V) + to Oi. 
( riêng động từ " buy" dùng giới từ " for" ).
VD: My friend gave me a present on my birthday.
>> A present was given to me by my friend on my birthday.
I was given a present on my birthday by my friend.

Conditional sentences 1.If + S+ V( present simple), S+ v( simple future)

= Should + S+ V, S+ V( simple future)
EG: If the weather is fine tomorrow, we will go camping
= should the weather be fine tomorrow, we will go camping.
2: If + S+ were…., S+ would( not) V
= Were + S…., S+ would( not) + V
Eg: If I were 10 years younger, I would apply for that job.
= Were I 10 years younger, I would apply for that job.
3: If + S+ Ved/ V2, S+ would(not) V
= were S+ to V, S+ would( not) V
EG: If I lived near school, I wouldn’t go to class late.
= Were I to live near school, I wouldn’t go to class late
3: If + S + had/ hadn’t +P2, S+ would( not) have + P2
= Had+ S+ P2, S+ would( not ) have + P2
4: If + S+ V( negative)….= Unless+ S+ V( possivetive)
EG: If you don’t learn hard, you will fail the exam.
= Unless you learn hard, you will fail the exam.
5: If +S+ hadn’t+ P2
= without / If it hadn’t been for + N
 EG: If you hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have finished the
work.
= without your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work
= If it hadn’t been for your help, I wouldn’t have finished
the work.
6: If+ SV= Provided that/ so long as/ in case/ in condition
that + S+ V

Structure with “ wish” 1.S1+ wish+ S2+ Ved/V2

( We use wish to say that we regret something, that it is not
as we would like it to be)
EG. I wish I knew Paul’s phone number.
= I don’t know Paul’s phone number and regret this.
2.S1+ wish + S2+ would + V
( we use I wish… would … when we want something to
happen, or when we want somebody to do something. The
speaker is not happy with the present situation.
EG: It is raining. Tom wants to go out, but not in the rain.
He says : I wish its would stop raining.
3.S+ Wish + S2+ had+P2
( we use wish to express that we are sorry that something
didn’t happen)
= S+ regret + not Ving
4. S+ Wish + S2+ hadn’t +P2
( we use wish to express that we are sorry that something
happened)
EG: I wish I hadn’t bought this second hand laptop
= I regret buying this secondhand laptop.

Reported speech - Reported speech with statements

- Reported speech with questions
- Reported speech with to V/ Ving
Relative clauses 1.N+ who/ which/ that + V= V+ Ving ( active)
EG: The man who lives near my house is very kind.
= The man living near my house is very kind
2.N + who/ which/ that + be+ P2= N + P2
EG.I really like reading the books which were written by
Nam Cao
= I really like reading the books written by Nam Cao
3.First/ last/ next/ only/ second …+ N+ who/ which/ that/ +
V= First/…..N + to V
EG: She is the first person who came to class this morning.
= she is the last person to come to class this morning
CRITARIA FOR A PARAGRAPH WRITING

1: Task response: Paragraph writing + coherence+ cohesion) : 25%

2: Content ( ideas + organization) :25%

3: Accuracy ( grammar, vocabulary, structures, punctuations,….) : 25 %

4: lexical resources ( wide range of vocabulary and structures) : 25%

SUGGESTED TOPICS

Grade 6:

Topic 1: Write a passage about 60-80 words to describe your family.

Topic 2: Write a passage about 60-80 words to describe your house/ your school.

Topic 3: Write a passage about 60-80 words to describe the person in your family
you like the best.

Topic 4: Write a passage about your daily routine. You should write in 60-80
words.

Topic 5: Write a passage about 60-80 words to describe your own room.

Grade 7

Topic 1: Write a passage about the benefits of having a balanced diet. You should
write in 80-100 words

Topic 2: Write a paragraph about your most favourite activity in your free time.
You should write in 80-100 words

Topic 3: Write a passage about the advantages of living in the countryside. You
should write in 80-100 words

Topic 4: Write a passage about the advantages of living in the city. You should
write in 80-100 words

Topic 4: Write a passage about the disadvantages of being a famous person. You
should write in 80-100 words.

GARADE 8
Topic 1: Write a passage about the advantages of having a good friend. You should
write in 100-120 words.

Topic 2: Write a passage about the ways to learn English well. You should write in
100-120 words.

Topic 3: Write a passage about the measures to protect our environment. You
should write in 100-120 words..

Topic 4: Write a passage about the disadvantages of playing computer games. You
should write in 80-100 words.

Topic 5: Write a passage about the advantages the internet. You should write in
100-120 words.

Topic 6: Write a passage about the importance of learning English. You should
write in 100-120 words..

GRADE 9

Topic 1: Write a passage about the advantages of wearing uniforms at school. You
should write about 150 words.

Topic 2: Write a passage about the benefits of learning English. You should write
about 150 words

Topic 3: Write a passage about the benefits of learning English. You should write
about 150 words.

Topic 4: Write a passage about the benefits of watching TV . You should write
about 150 words

Topic 5: Write a passage about the disadvantages of watching TV too much . You
should write about 150 words.

Topic 6: Write a passage about the benefits of online learning. You should write
about 150 words

Topic 7: Write a passage about the advantages of social Network like face book or
zalo. You should write about 150 words.

Topic 8: Write a passage about the reasons why we should have a day to celebrate
for our mom and another day for our dad. You should write about 150 words.