QUEEN ANNE SCHOOL

PRE-CALCULUS
Week 1

Reference Number:202011S1-01
Name: Grade and Section:
Subject Teacher: Ms. Monica Joyce B. Naperi LRN:
I.OBJECTIVES
1. illustrate the different types of conic sections: parabola, ellipse, circle, hyperbola, and degenerate cases. ***
STEM_PC11AG-Ia-1
2. define a circle. STEM_PC11AG-Ia-2
3. determine the standard form of equation of a circle STEM_PC11AG-Ia-3
Learning Targets
 I CAN define circle as a conic section.
 I CAN determine the standard form and general form of equation of a circle.
 I CAN transform the standard form of equation into general form and vice versa
 I CAN graph circles in a rectangular coordinate system
II. SUBJECT MATTER
TOPIC: Exploring Circles
CONTENT:
1. Understanding the General and Standard Equation of a circle.
2. Sketching the graph of a circle in a Rectangular Coordinate System.
III. LEARNING RESOURCES
Commission on Higher Education in collaboration with the Philippine Normal University, Teaching guide for
Senior High School GENERAL MATHEMATICS, core subject. Pp.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9Eg9DdzmSYCa2p4TWxJWFJhUTg/view
Conceptual Math and Beyond PRE-CALCULUS by. Jocelyn s. Tamayo, Mary Joy A. Villareal, Japhel M. Gatmaitan
pp. 1-10
https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/problems/alg/circles.aspx
IV. PROCEDURE
 Identify the four conic Sections.
 Read the definition of Circle
 Determine the standard form and general form of equation of a circle.
 Study how to transform the standard form of equation into general form and vice versa by the given examples.
 Study how to Sketch the graph of a circle in a Rectangular Coordinate System
 Answer the activities
V. ASSESSMENT
Day 1. Firm Up
Day 2. Depeen your understanding
Day 3. Challenge your self
VI. AGREEMENT ENRICHMENT
Read and answer the given activities & assessment for the week. Submit your output on specified date of retrieval
Noted by :

____________________________________
Name and Signature of parents/guardian

____________________________________
Date
DAY 1
UNIT I. ANALYTIC GEOMETRY
Lesson 1. Introduction to Conic Section and Circles
Lesson Outline
(1) Introduction of the four conic sections, along with the degenerate conics
(2) Definition of a circle
(3) Derivation of the standard equation of a circle
(4) Graphing circles
(5) Solving situational problems involving circles
An Overview of Conic Sections
We introduce the conic sections (or conics), a particular class of curves which oftentimes appear in nature and which have
applications in other fields. One of the first shapes we learned, a circle, is a conic. When you throw a ball, the trajectory it
takes is a parabola. The orbit taken by each planet around the sun is an ellipse. Properties of hyperbolas have been used in
the design of certain telescopes and navigation systems. We will discuss circles in this lesson, leaving parabolas, ellipses,
and hyperbolas for subsequent lessons.
• Circle (Figure 1.1) - when the plane is horizontal
• Ellipse (Figure 1.1) - when the (tilted) plane intersects only one cone to form a bounded curve
• Parabola (Figure 1.2) - when the plane intersects only one cone to form an unbounded curve
• Hyperbola (Figure 1.3) - when the plane (not necessarily vertical) intersects both cones to form two unbounded curves
(each called a branch of the hyperbola)

We can draw these conic sections (also called conics) on a rectangular coordinate plane and find their equations. To be
able to do this, we will present equivalent definitions of these conic sections in subsequent sections, and use these to find
the equations. There are other ways for a plane and the cones to intersect, to form what are referred to as degenerate
conics: a point, one line, and two lines. See Figures 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6.
Definition and Equation of a Circle
A circle may also be considered a special kind of ellipse (for the special case when the tilted plane is horizontal). For our
purposes, we will distinguish between these two conics.

Circle is a set of all points on a planet that are equidistant from a given fixed point. The fixed point is called the center,
and the distance from the center to any point of the circle is called its raduis.
The graph of a circle can be sketch on a Cartesian plane using its equation. The equation of a circle can be expressed in its
general form or its standard form.

a. General Form: x 2+ y 2+ Dx + Ey+ F=0 , where D,E and F are constant.

b. Standard Form or Center-Raduis Form: ( x−h)2 +¿, where the coordinates of the center are represented by ( h , k )
and the radius is the value of r.
Derivation of the Center-Radius form of a Circle
Using the definition of a cicle, the distance formula, and the Pythagorean theorem, we can
actually derive the standard equation of circlrs. Let us use the illustration to derive the
standard form of the equation of a circle.
Suppose, point C is the center of the given circle with (h , k ) as its coordinates. A point M

on the circle has the coordinates ( x , y ) . Connecting the center and this point would form the

radius.
To solve the distnce between points C and M , we apply the distance formula. Recall that
2 2
√
d= ( x 1−x 2 ) + ( y 1− y 2 ) . This means that we shall substitute the coordinates of C and M to the formula.
2 2
d= √( x −x ) + ( y − y )
1 2 1 2

2 2
r =√( x−h ) + ( y−k )

r =( x−h )2 + ( y−k )2
When the center of the circle is at the origin h=0 and k=0. Then, the equation of the circle with the center at the origin is
x 2+ y 2=r 2 .
Transforming the Equations of a Circle from General Form to Standard Form or Center-Radius Form.
Steps to transform the Equations of a Circle from General Form to Standard Form or Center-Radius Form.
1. Group the terms with the same variable.
2. Move the constant term to the right side of the equation.
3. Create two perfect square trinomials by completin the square method.
4. Simplify both sides of the equation.
5. Transform the perfect square trinomials into square of binomials.

Example 1. Transform the equation x 2+ y 2+ 4 x−2 y−11=0 to standard form.

Step 1. Group the terms with the same variable.

x 2+ y 2+ 4 x−2 y−11=0
 ( x 2 +4 x ) + ( y 2−2 y ) −11=0

Step 2. Move the constant term to the right side of the equation.

( x 2 +4 x ) + ( y 2−2 y ) −11=0
( x 2 +4 x ) + ( y 2−2 y ) =11
Step 3. Create two perfect square trinomials by completin the square method.

( x 2 +4 x ) + ( y 2−2 y ) =11
By the use of Completing the square
2
k
()2
k stands for the second constatnt term.

2
k
x 2+ 4 x=x 2 +4 x+ () 2
2
4
¿ x + 4 x +( )
2
2

¿ x 2+ 4 x +22
¿ x 2+ 4 x +4
2
k
y 2−2 y= y 2 −2 y + () 2
2
2
¿ y −2 y +( )
2
2

¿ y 2−2 y +1
Important note: What ever terms you add to the left side, add them also to the right side to keep the equation true.

( x 2 +4 x + 4 ) + ( y 2−2 y +1 ) =11+ 4+1

Step 4. Simplify both equation.

( x 2 +4 x + 4 ) + ( y 2−2 y +1 ) =11+ 4+1

( x 2 +4 x + 4 ) + ( y 2−2 y +1 ) =16
Step 5. Transform the perfect square trinomials into square of binomials to make the equation in the center-radius form.

( x 2 +4 x + 4 ) + ( y 2−2 y +1 ) =16
( x +2 )2+ ( y−1 )2=16 this is now the center-radius form of x 2+ y 2+ 4 x−2 y−11=0

Example 2. Transform x 2+ y 2−8 x+ 2 y +8=0 to center-radius form.

x 2+ y 2−8 x+ 2 y +8=0

( x 2−8 x ) + ( y 2 +2 y ) +8=0
( x 2−8 x ) + ( y 2 +2 y )=−8
2
( x 2−8 x )=x 2−8 x + k(2)
2
8
¿ x −8 x+ ( )
2
2
 2 2
¿ x −8 x+ ( 4 )

¿ x 2−8 x+ 16
2
k
2 2
y +2 y= y +2 y+
2 ()
2
2
¿ y +2 y+ ( )
2
2

¿ y 2 +2 y+12
¿ y 2 +2 y+1

( x 2−8 x +16 ) + ( y 2+2 y +1 )=−8+16+1

( x−4 )2 + ( y +1 )2=9 this is now the center-raduis form of x 2+ y 2−8 x+ 2 y +8=0
DAY 2
CONTINUATION
Transforming the Equation of a Circle from Standard Form to General Form.
Steps to follow;
1. Square the two binomials.
2. Place all the terms to the left side of the equation.
3. Simplify the equation by combining like terms.
4. Follow then general form: x 2+ y 2+ Dx + Ey+ F=0

Example 1. Transform ( x +2 )2+ ( y−1 )2=1 to general form.

Solution.
Step 1. Square the binomials

( x +2 )2+ ( y−1 )2=1

( x 2 +4 x + 4 ) + ( y 2−2 y +1 ) =1
Step 2. Place all the terms to the left side of the equation.

( x 2 +4 x + 4 ) + ( y 2−2 y +1 ) −1=0
Step 3. Simplify the equation by combining like terms.

x 2+ 4 x + y 2−2 y + ( 4 +1−1 ) =0

x 2+ 4 x + y 2−2 y +4=0
Step 4. Follow then general form: x 2+ y 2+ Dx + Ey+ F=0
2 2
x 2+ y 2+ 4 x−2 y +4=0 this is the general form of ( x +2 ) + ( y−1 ) =1.

Example 2. Transform ( y−1 )2 + ( x +5 )2=1 to general form.

Solution.

( y−1 )2 + ( x +5 )2=1

( y 2−2 y +1 ) + ( x 2 +10 x+25 )=1

( y 2−2 y +1 ) + ( x 2 +10 x+25 )−1=0
y 2−2 y + x2 +10 x+ 1+ 25−1=0
y 2−2 y + x2 +10 x+ 25=0
 2 2
x 2+ y 2+10 x−2 y +25=0 this is the general form of ( y−1 ) + ( x +5 ) =1.
DAY 3
Sketching the graph of a Circle in a Rectangular Coordinate System

To sketch the graph of a circle given its equation, we need to write the equation in standard form ( x−h)2 +¿, in order to
determine the center and the raduis of the circle.

Example 1. Sketch the graph of Circle whose equation is x 2+ y 2=49

Center : at the origin ( 0,0 )

Radius : x 2+ y 2=r 2

x 2+ y 2=49
r =7

Example 2. Sketch the graph of Circle whose equation is ( x−3 )2 + ( y +1 )2=25

Center: ( 3 ,−1 )

Radius: x 2+ y 2=r 2

( x−3 )2 + ( y +1 )2=25
r =√ 25
r =5
Example 4:    x 2+ y 2−6 x+ 4 y + 9=0 .    (a)  Find the center and radius of the circle.  (b) Graph the circle

x 2+ y 2−6 x+ 4 y + 9=0

( x 2 +4 y ) + ( y 2−6 x ) +9=0
( x 2 +4 y ) + ( y 2−6 x )=−9
2
( x 2 +4 y ) =x 2+ 4 y + k (2)
2
4
¿ x 2+ 4 y + ()
2

¿ x 2+ 4 y + ( 2 )2

( x 2 +4 y ) ¿ x 2+ 4 y + 4
2
( y 2−6 x ) = y 2−6 x + k (2)
2
6
¿ y 2−6 x + () 2
2 2
¿ y −6 x + ( 3 )

( y 2−6 x ) = y 2−6 x +9
( x 2 +4 y + 4 )+ ( y 2−6 x +9 ) =4 +9−9
( x 2 +4 y + 4 )+ ( y 2−6 x +9 ) =4
( x +2 )2 + ( y −3 )2=4
Center: (−2,3 )
 Radius: x 2+ y 2=r 2

( x +2 )2 + ( y −3 )2=4
r =√ 4
r =2
Sketch the graph of a circle on a piece of paper as a practice of yours.

  

Self-learning activities/Assessment in Pre-Calculus

Quarter 1/Week /August

Name:_____________________________ Grade and Section:__________________

Subject teacher: Ms. Monica Joyce B. Naperi Score:

CHECK WHAT YOU KNOW

Firm Up
A. Transform each equation to center-radius form.
1. x 2+ y 2+ 8 x −14 y +1=0
Center-radius form:
2. y 2 + x 2−2 x +12 y−12=0
Center-radius form:
3. x 2+ y 2+ 4 x−5=0
Center-radius form:
4. y 2 + x 2−6 y +5=0
Center-radius form:
5. x 2+ y 2−100=0
Center-radius form:
B. Transform each equation to general form.
1. ( x−1 )2 + ( y−2 )2=20

2. ( x−0 )2+ ( y −0 )2=49

3. ( x +3 )2 + ( y−0 )2=16

4. ( y +4 )2 + ( x+ 3 )2=25

5. ( x−11 )2 + ( y −6 )2−7=0
Depeen your understanding
A. Determine the center and radius of each of the following.
 Equation Center Radius
2 2
1. ( x−0 ) + ( y −0 ) =49
2. ( x +3 )2 + ( y−0 )2=16
3. ( x +4 )2+ ( y+ 3 )2=25
4. x 2+ y 2−100=0
5. y 2 + x 2−6 y +5=0

B. Determine the values of D,E, and F in ecah equation.

Equation D E F
2 2
1. x + y + 8 x −14 y +1=0
2. x 2+ y 2−100=0
3. y 2 + x 2−6 y +5=0
4. ( x +3 )2 + ( y−0 )2=16
5. ( y +4 )2 + ( x+ 3 )2=25

Challenge your self

1) Find the center, radius and graph the equation: ( x−2 )2 + ( y +5 )2=17
2) x 2+ y 2−8 x+ 4 y −8=0find the center, radius and graph.
3) Sketch the graph of y= √ 16−x 2

Write your answer on a separate yellow paper.