6-5 Multiplying

MultiplyingPolynomials
Polynomials

Warm Up
Lesson Presentation
Lesson Quiz

Holt
Holt Algebra 1Algebra 1
McDougal
 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials

Warm Up
Evaluate.

1. 32 9 2. 24 16
3. 102 100
Simplify.
4. 23 • 24 27 5. y5 • y4 y9
6. (53)2 56 7. (x2)4 x8
8. –4(x – 7) –4x + 28

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials

Learning Objective:
Multiply polynomials.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials

To multiply monomials and polynomials,

you will use some of the properties of
exponents that you learned earlier.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials
Example 1: Multiplying Monomials

Multiply.

A. (6y3)(3y5)
(6y3)(3y5) Group factors with like bases
(6 • 3)(y3 • y5) together.
18y8 Multiply.

B. (3mn2) (9m2n)
(3mn2)(9m2n) Group factors with like bases
(3 • 9)(m • m2)(n2 • n) together.
27m3n3 Multiply.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials
Example 1C: Multiplying Monomials

Multiply.

1 2 2 (st) (-12 s t2)

4 s t
 1 2 2

 4
s t 

( s t ) (
− 12 st 2
) Group factors with like
bases together.
1  2
 
(
 4 • −12 s • s • s )(t • t • t )
2 2
Multiply.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials

Remember!
When multiplying powers with the same base,
keep the base and add the exponents.
x2 • x3 = x2+3 = x5

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials
Check It Out! Example 1

Multiply.
a. (3x3)(6x2)
(3x3)(6x2) Group factors with like bases
together.
(3 • 6)(x3 • x2)
Multiply.
18x5
b. (2r2t)(5t3)
Group factors with like bases
(2r2t)(5t3) together.
(2 • 5)(r2)(t3 • t) Multiply.
10r2t4
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials

Check It Out! Example 1 Continued

Multiply.
1 2 
c. 
3
x y

(12 x z )( y z
3 2 4 5
)
1 2 
3

x y

12(x 3 2
z )(y z )
4 5
Group factors with
like bases
together.
1  2
3

•12

x • x (
3
)( y •y )(z4 2
• z5 ) Multiply.

4x 5y 5 z 7

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials

To multiply a polynomial by a monomial, use

the Distributive Property.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials
Example 2A: Multiplying a Polynomial by a Monomial

Multiply.
4(3x2 + 4x – 8)

4(3x2 + 4x – 8) Distribute 4.

(4)3x2 +(4)4x – (4)8 Multiply.

12x2 + 16x – 32

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials
Example 2B: Multiplying a Polynomial by a Monomial

Multiply.

6pq(2p – q)

(6pq)(2p – q) Distribute 6pq.

(6pq)2p + (6pq)(–q) Group like bases

together.
(6 • 2)(p • p)(q) + (–1)(6)(p)(q • q)

12p2q – 6pq2 Multiply.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials
Example 2C: Multiplying a Polynomial by a Monomial
Multiply.
1 2
x y(6xy + 8 x y )
2 2

2
1 2 1 2
2
x y 6 (
xy 2 2
+ 8x y ) Distribute x y .
2

1 2  1 2 
2

x y

(6 xy ) + 
2
x y (


8 x 2 2
y ) Group like bases
together.
1  2 1  2
( ) ( )(
 • 6  x • x ( y • y) +  • 8 x • x2 y • y2
2  2 
)
3x3y2 + 4x4y3 Multiply.
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials
Check It Out! Example 2

Multiply.
a. 2(4x2 + x + 3)

2(4x2 + x + 3) Distribute 2.

2(4x2) + 2(x) + 2(3) Multiply.

8x2 + 2x + 6

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials
Check It Out! Example 2

Multiply.
b. 3ab(5a2 + b)

3ab(5a2 + b)
Distribute 3ab.
(3ab)(5a2) + (3ab)(b)
Group like bases
(3 • 5)(a • a2)(b) + (3)(a)(b • b) together.

15a3b + 3ab2 Multiply.

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 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials
Check It Out! Example 2

Multiply.
c. 5r2s2(r – 3s)

5r2s2(r – 3s) Distribute 5r2s2.

(5r2s2)(r) – (5r2s2)(3s)

(5)(r2 • r)(s2) – (5 • 3)(r2)(s2 • s) Group like bases

together.
5r3s2 – 15r2s3 Multiply.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials

To multiply a binomial by a binomial, you can

apply the Distributive Property more than once:

(x + 3)(x + 2) = x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2) Distribute.

= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2) Distribute again.

= x(x) + x(2) + 3(x) + 3(2) Multiply.

= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6 Combine like terms.

= x2 + 5x + 6

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials

Another method for multiplying binomials is

called the FOIL method.
F
1. Multiply the First terms. (x + 3)(x + 2) x • x = x2
O
2. Multiply the Outer terms. (x + 3)(x + 2) x • 2 = 2x
I
3. Multiply the Inner terms. (x + 3)(x + 2) 3 • x = 3x
L
4. Multiply the Last terms. (x + 3)(x + 2) 3• 2 = 6

(x + 3)(x + 2) = x2 + 2x + 3x + 6 = x2 + 5x + 6

F O I L
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials
Example 3A: Multiplying Binomials

Multiply.
(s + 4)(s – 2)
(s + 4)(s – 2)
s(s – 2) + 4(s – 2) Distribute.

s(s) + s(–2) + 4(s) + 4(–2) Distribute again.

s2 – 2s + 4s – 8 Multiply.

s2 + 2s – 8 Combine like terms.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials
Example 3B: Multiplying Binomials

Multiply.
Write as a product of
(x – 4)2
two binomials.
(x – 4)(x – 4) Use the FOIL method.

(x • x) + (x • (–4)) + (–4 • x) + (–4 • (–4))

x2 – 4x – 4x + 16 Multiply.

x2 – 8x + 16 Combine like terms.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials
Example 3C: Multiplying Binomials

Multiply.
(8m2 – n)(m2 – 3n) Use the FOIL method.

8m2(m2) + 8m2(–3n) – n(m2) – n(–3n)

8m4 – 24m2n – m2n + 3n2 Multiply.

8m4 – 25m2n + 3n2 Combine like terms.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials

Helpful Hint
In the expression (x + 5)2, the base is (x + 5).
(x + 5)2 = (x + 5)(x + 5)

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials
Check It Out! Example 3a
Multiply.
(a + 3)(a – 4)

(a + 3)(a – 4)
a(a – 4)+3(a – 4) Distribute.

a(a) + a(–4) + 3(a) + 3(–4) Distribute again.

a2 – 4a + 3a – 12 Multiply.

a2 – a – 12 Combine like terms.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials
Check It Out! Example 3b
Multiply.
Write as a product of
(x – 3)2
two binomials.
(x – 3)(x – 3) Use the FOIL method.

(x ● x) + (x•(–3)) + (–3 • x)+ (–3)(–3)

x2 – 3x – 3x + 9 Multiply.

x2 – 6x + 9 Combine like terms.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials
Check It Out! Example 3c
Multiply.
(2a – b2)(a + 4b2)
(2a – b2)(a + 4b2) Use the FOIL method.

2a(a) + 2a(4b2) – b2(a) + (–b2)(4b2)

2a2 + 8ab2 – ab2 – 4b4 Multiply.

2a2 + 7ab2 – 4b4 Combine like terms.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials

To multiply polynomials with more than two terms,

you can use the Distributive Property several times.
Multiply (5x + 3) by (2x2 + 10x – 6):

(5x + 3)(2x2 + 10x – 6) = 5x(2x2 + 10x – 6) + 3(2x2 + 10x – 6)

= 5x(2x2 + 10x – 6) + 3(2x2 + 10x – 6)

= 5x(2x2) + 5x(10x) + 5x(–6) + 3(2x2) + 3(10x) + 3(–6)

= 10x3 + 50x2 – 30x + 6x2 + 30x – 18

= 10x3 + 56x2 – 18

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials

You can also use a rectangle model to multiply

polynomials with more than two terms. This is
similar to finding the area of a rectangle with
length (2x2 + 10x – 6) and width (5x + 3):
2x2 +10x –6
Write the product of the
5x 10x3 50x2 –30x
monomials in each row and
+3 6x2 30x –18 column:
To find the product, add all of the terms inside the
rectangle by combining like terms and simplifying
if necessary.
10x3 + 6x2 + 50x2 + 30x – 30x – 18
10x3 + 56x2 – 18
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials

Another method that can be used to multiply

polynomials with more than two terms is the
vertical method. This is similar to methods used to
multiply whole numbers.

2x2 + 10x – 6 Multiply each term in the top

polynomial by 3.
 5x + 3 Multiply each term in the top
6x2 + 30x – 18 polynomial by 5x, and align
+ 10x3 + 50x2 – 30x like terms.
10x3 + 56x2 + 0x – 18 Combine like terms by adding
vertically.
10x3 + 56x2 + – 18 Simplify.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials
Example 4A: Multiplying Polynomials

Multiply.
(x – 5)(x2 + 4x – 6)
(x – 5 )(x2 + 4x – 6) Distribute x.

x(x2 + 4x – 6) – 5(x2 + 4x – 6) Distribute x again.

x(x2) + x(4x) + x(–6) – 5(x2) – 5(4x) – 5(–6)

x3 + 4x2 – 5x2 – 6x – 20x + 30 Simplify.

x3 – x2 – 26x + 30 Combine like terms.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials
Example 4B: Multiplying Polynomials

Multiply.
(2x – 5)(–4x2 – 10x + 3)
(2x – 5)(–4x2 – 10x + 3) Multiply each term in the
top polynomial by –5.

–4x2 – 10x + 3 Multiply each term in the

x 2x – 5 top polynomial by 2x,
20x2 + 50x – 15 and align like terms.
+ –8x3 – 20x2 + 6x
Combine like terms by
–8x3 + 56x – 15 adding vertically.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials
Example 4C: Multiplying Polynomials

Multiply.
(x + 3)3

[x · x + x(3) + 3(x) + (3)(3)] Write as the product of

three binomials.

[x(x+3) + 3(x+3)](x + 3) Use the FOIL method on

the first two factors.

(x2 + 3x + 3x + 9)(x + 3) Multiply.

(x2 + 6x + 9)(x + 3) Combine like terms.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials
Example 4C: Multiplying Polynomials Continued

Multiply.

(x + 3)3 Use the Commutative

Property of
(x + 3)(x2 + 6x + 9)
Multiplication.
x(x2 + 6x + 9) + 3(x2 + 6x + 9) Distribute.

x(x2) + x(6x) + x(9) + 3(x2) + Distribute again.

3(6x) + 3(9)
x3 + 6x2 + 9x + 3x2 + 18x + 27 Combine like terms.

x3 + 9x2 + 27x + 27

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials
Example 4D: Multiplying Polynomials

Multiply.
(3x + 1)(x3 + 4x2 – 7)
Write the product of the
x3 –4x2 –7
monomials in each
3x 3x4 –12x3 –21x row and column.
+1 x3 –4x2 –7 Add all terms inside the
rectangle.
3x4 – 12x3 + x3 – 4x2 – 21x – 7

3x4 – 11x3 – 4x2 – 21x – 7 Combine like terms.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials

Helpful Hint
A polynomial with m terms multiplied by a
polynomial with n terms has a product that,
before simplifying has mn terms. In Example 4A,
there are 2 • 3, or 6 terms before simplifying.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials
Check It Out! Example 4a

Multiply.
(x + 3)(x2 – 4x + 6)
(x + 3 )(x2 – 4x + 6) Distribute.

x(x2 – 4x + 6) + 3(x2 – 4x + 6) Distribute again.

x(x2) + x(–4x) + x(6) +3(x2) +3(–4x) +3(6)

x3 – 4x2 + 3x2 +6x – 12x + 18 Simplify.

x3 – x2 – 6x + 18 Combine like terms.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials
Check It Out! Example 4b

Multiply.
(3x + 2)(x2 – 2x + 5)
Multiply each term in the
(3x + 2)(x2 – 2x + 5) top polynomial by 2.

x2 – 2x + 5 Multiply each term in the

 3x + 2 top polynomial by 3x,
2x2 – 4x + 10 and align like terms.
+ 3x3 – 6x2 + 15x
Combine like terms by
3x3 – 4x2 + 11x + 10 adding vertically.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials
Example 5: Application
The width of a rectangular prism is 3 feet less
than the height, and the length of the prism is
4 feet more than the height.
a. Write a polynomial that represents the area of the
base of the prism.
A = l•w Write the formula for the
area of a rectangle.
A = l•w
Substitute h – 3 for w
A = (h + 4)(h – 3) and h + 4 for l.
A = h2 + 4h – 3h – 12 Multiply.
A = h2 + h – 12 Combine like terms.
The area is represented by h2 + h – 12.
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials
Example 5: Application Continued
The width of a rectangular prism is 3 feet less
than the height, and the length of the prism is
4 feet more than the height.
b. Find the area of the base when the height is 5 ft.

A = h2 + h – 12
Write the formula for the area
A = h2 + h – 12 the base of the prism.
A = 52 + 5 – 12 Substitute 5 for h.

A = 25 + 5 – 12 Simplify.
A = 18 Combine terms.
The area is 18 square feet.
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials
Check It Out! Example 5

The length of a rectangle is 4 meters shorter

than its width.
a. Write a polynomial that represents the area of the
rectangle.
A = l•w Write the formula for the
area of a rectangle.
A = l•w

A = x(x – 4) Substitute x – 4 for l and

x for w.
A = x2 – 4x Multiply.
The area is represented by x2 – 4x.
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
 6-5 Multiplying Polynomials
Check It Out! Example 5 Continued

The length of a rectangle is 4 meters shorter

than its width.
b. Find the area of a rectangle when the width is 6
meters.
A = x2 – 4x Write the formula for the area of a
rectangle whose length is 4
A = x2 – 4x
meters shorter than width .
A = 62 – 4 • 6 Substitute 6 for x.

A = 36 – 24 Simplify.
A = 12 Combine terms.
The area is 12 square meters.
Holt McDougal Algebra 1