Law of Inertia: An object at rest stays at rest & and object in motion stays in motion going at the same speed & direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force *resist change in velocity *net force = acceleration in that direction *no net force = const. velocity or equilibrium *more mass = more inertia
Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion
The truck weighs 2,500 kg and is on a ∑F = ma frictionless incline of 40°. How fast will the The acceleration of an object is directly truck fall down the hill w/ loose brakes? proportional to the net force applied and ∑F = ma = mgsinθ inversely proportional to the object’s mass a = gsin40° = 6.3m/s^2 *more force = more acceleration What force is needed to accelerate 4m/s^2 *more mass = less acceleration upward? ∑F = ma = F - mgsinθ *∑Fx = Fcosθ - Ffric F - (2,500)(9.8)sin40 = (4)(2500) *∑Fy = Fsinθ + Fnorm - Fg F = 25,748.3N Acceleration w/ force of friction w/ µ = .2? Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion A 750g plant is hung with the right hand ∑F = ma = mgsinθ - Ff = mgsinθ - µFn Every action has equal & opposite reaction string making a 66° w/ the horizontal. Whats Ff = mgsinθ - (.2)(mgcosθ) (forces come in twos) the tension on both strings? Ff =(9.8)sin40 - (9.8)(.2)(cos40) = 4.8 N ∑Fy = Tsinθ - mg ∑Fx = Trcosθ - Force of Friction Tsin66 = (750g)(10) TL Limits movement (sliding across carpet) T = 8209.77 N (8209)cos66 = TL Static Friction: friction force encountered TL = 3339.22 when trying to start moving something (large) Kinetic Friction: acts on an object in motion Sliding Friction: against dir of motion A 2kg yoyo is spun traveling at 23m/s. At the Rolling Friction: in dir of motion top a 25 N centripetal force is exerted on the Ff = µFn yoyo, what’s the radius? 2 ∑F = mvr = Fn + mg Circular Motion 2 (2)(23)2 Centripetal Force: force directed toward the r = F nmv+ mg = 25 + (2)(9.8) = 23.72 m center of circular motion Centrifugal Force: tendency of an object to move in a straight line vs circular motion A carousel makes 6.8 rev/sec traveling at Tangential Velocity: velocity tangent to circ. path 4.8 m/s. What’s the frequency? Period: time to complete 1 circular trip (sec) ☆ T = 2πr 2πr v = 6.8 = 4.8 ; r = 5.19 m Frequency: cycles per second (Hz or 1/sec) v2 mv 2 ☆ v=2πrf = 4.8 = 2π(5.19)f; f = .147 Hz ☆ ac = r ☆ ∑F = ma = r 2πr ☆T= ☆ v=2πrf v A jumping rope is hung on a fan w/ a 7kg mass at the end of it, spinning w/ a radius of 2m & 4m/s. What’s the tension in the rope? ∑Fy = 0 = Ty - mg Ty = (7kg)(9.8m/s^2) = 68.6 N mv 2 ∑Fx = r = Tx (7kg)(4m/s) 2 Tx = 2m = 56 N 2 2 T= √68.6 + 56 = 88.55 N