Section, Year, GROUP NUMBER: BSME –1CD, GROUP 9 Date: April 06, 2022

Compiler: Mandap, Charles Justine A. Subject: Physics for (Lab)

Members: Flake, Charles Ivan A.
Navales, Frixzie Leigh
Poblete, Glen Paul

“FORCE TABLE AND VECTOR ADDITION OF FORCES”

I. Objectives

1.Demonstrate the addition of several vectors to form a resultant vector using a

force table.
2.Demonstrate the relationship between the resultant of several vectors and the
equilibrant of those vectors.
3.Illustrate and practice graphical and analytical solutions for the addition of vectors.

II. Materials

 Force table - A tool used to demonstrate Newton’s Fist law and the nature of
forces.

 Pulleys - is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support movement and

change of direction of a taut cable or belt

 Ring and String - the ring is in equilibrium when it is centered on the table and a
small amount of displacement by hand will always bring it back to the center.

 Mass Holder - Holds the mass in the force table.

  Slotted Mass - Allows individuals to quickly recreate any desired amount of
mass.

 Protractor - a measuring instrument, typically made of transparent plastic or glass,

for measuring angles

III. Procedures

IV. Results
Data Table 1
Force Mass (kg) Force (N) Direction (0)

F1 0.050 0.5 20.0

F2 0.100 1.0 90.0

Equilibrant FE1 0.126 1.2 248.0

Resultant FR1 0.122 1.2 68.0

 Data Table 2

Force Mass (kg) Force (N) Direction (0)

F3 0.075 0.7 30.0

F4 0.100 1.0 100.0

F5 0.050 0.5 145.0

Equilibrant FE2 0.166 1.6 268.0

Resultant FR2 0.163 1.6 88.0

Calculations Table 1

Graphical Solution

Force Mass (kg) Force (N) Direction (0)

F1 0.050 0.5 20.0

F2 0.100 1.0 90.0

Resultant FR1 0.133 1.3 248

Analytical Solution

Force Mass (kg) Force (N) Direction x- y-component

(0) component (N)
(N)
F1 0.050 0.5 20.0 0.5 0.2

F2 0.100 1.0 90.0 0.0 1.0

Resultant FR1 1.33 1.3 247.4 0.5 1.2

 PART 1. ERROR CALCULATIONS
Percent Error magnitude Experimental compared to Analytical = 7.7 %
Percent Error magnitude Graphical compared to Analytical = 0 %
Absolute Error in angle Experimental compared to Analytical= 0.6 degrees
Absolute Error in angle Graphical compared to Analytical = 0.6 degrees

Calculations Table 2

Graphical Solution

Force Mass (kg) Force (N) Direction (0)

F3 0.075 0.7 30.0

F4 0.100 1.0 100.0

F5 0.050 0.5 145.0

Resultant FR2 0.173 1.7 267

Analytical Solution

Force Mass (kg) Force (N) Direction x- y-component

(0) component (N)
(N)
F3 0.075 0.7 30.0 0.6 0.4

F4 0.100 1.0 100.0 0.2 1.0

F5 0.050 0.5 145.0 0.4 0.3

Resultant FR2 0.214 2.1 234.8 1.2 1.7

PART 2. ERROR CALCULATIONS

Percent Error magnitude Experimental compared to Analytical = 23.8 %
Percent Error magnitude Graphical compared to Analytical = 19.0 %
Absolute Error in angle Experimental compared to Analytical = 33.2 degrees
Absolute Error in angle Graphical compared to Analytical = 32.2 degrees
CALCULATIONS
V. Answers to Guide Questions

Charles Ivan Flake:

1. Gravity won’t change because it is constant. If g changes value then the percent error from the
experiment would change.
2. Resultant will be in the 1stquadrant and the equilibrantwill be in the 3rdquadrant. 20.0 and 80.0
degrees is in the positive side then the equilibrantwould be in the opposite side which is the
3rdquadrant.
3. When finding the resultant, you need to find the minimum and maximum. Rmin= 3 –2 = 1 N and
for the Rmax = 3 + 2 = 5 N. Answers are 1 and 5 therefore the correct answer would be letter (d) 1
N≤R≤5 N.
4. Magnitude would be equal to the part 1but the quadrants would change from 1stto 3rdquadrant
due to the movement of the pulleys. In part 1 the angles are in positive x and y components and if
you move the pulley 180 degrees then it will drastically change which will change the sign of x
and y from positive to negative.
5. Pulleys are great help to reverse or change directions of the force exerted by weights. We use
pulleys because it helps lift objects much easier. Its main function is to lift objects or weights
easily even if its heavy.

Charles Justine Mandap:

1. Gravity is a constant. If g changes then the percent error for each components also changes. Also
gravity would not change because it is constant.

2. The equilibrant will be in the 3rd quadrant. Because the resultant vector will be in the 1st
quadrant. Since the equilibrant is the opposite of the resultant, the equilibrant will be in the
opposite quadrant, or mainly the 3rd quadrant.

3. The maximum magnitude for the two forces is 5 N, as (2 N +3 N = 5 N). The minimum magnitude
for the two would be 1 N, as (3N-2 N = 1 N). This means that regardless of its direction the
resultant vector are 1N in opposite and 5N in same direction. Therefore, the correct answer is
option (D, 1N <=R<= 5 N) because it best describes the limitation for the resultant.

4. The magnitude of the resultant would be the same. The only difference would be in terms of
angles, the resultant and the equilibrant would switch values. Only the direction was changed, and
the change in direction of the two forces also affect the direction to make the ring equal.

5. When you move, tension is created; it's critical that your bodyweight works with gravity rather
than against it. Pulleys shift the direction of force application. A pulley is a wheel mounted on an
axle or shaft that supports movement while also redistributing tension. They're simple yet
effective mechanisms for causing modest forces to move massive things. Pulleys are utilized to
make difficult tasks easier to manage. Pulleys are employed because the task will be more
efficient and there will be less possibility of making an error. A pulley can also be used to raise
large things by reversing the direction of force on a flexible rope. Pulley reduces the amount of
force required to complete the task. It also serves as a primary means of weight distribution.
Frixzie Leigh Navales:

1. As the real value of g in the experiment differs from the assumed value, the effect on the
estimated % error between the comparisons of mistakes will be different. Depending on the g of
the location where the experiment is conducted, the error could become bigger or lower.
2. Because their terminal sides are in the value of the 90-degree angle, the resultant and equilibrant
can be found in quadrant 1 or quadrant1 where their starting sides are in the positive x-axis of
the plane and the tail and head of the vectors join, this may be visualized in quadrant 1. To clarify,
the 80-degree and 20-degree angles are both located north of the east.
3. Because 50 g and 100 g have an equilibrant of 126 g if we let 50 g = 2N and R is either larger
than 3 or slightly equal to 3 as revealed in the experiment, C best fits the limitation on R.
4. The magnitude of the vectors hanging on the pulleys in part 1 of the experiment is 50 g with an
angle of 20 degrees, and another with 100 g and an angle of 90 degrees; now, if they added by
180 degrees, the magnitude of the resultant would be the same; the only difference between part
one and the problem above is the angle position of the pulleys; everything else is the same.
5. The pulley assists in mediating the weight added to balance the vectors; it also serves as a
support for the string, preventing it from breaking and reducing tension. The mistake would be
higher if the pulleys were not present.

Glen Paul Poblete:

1. It would affect the percentage error of the results since the value of g is a constant and it would
change error significantly.
9.8−𝑔
⃒ ⃒ 𝑥 100
𝑔
2. The resultant and the equilibrant can be located at the third quadrant since it needs to center the
ring of the force table.
𝜃=180°− (80°+20°)
𝜃=180°−100°
𝜃=80°
𝜃=80°+180°
𝜃=260°
3. 1 N R5best describes the limitation for the resultant because regardless of the direction the
resultant force could only be 1 N if the directions are opposite with each other, and 5N if the
directions are in the same direction.
4. The magnitude of the resultant would be the same since the masses were not changed. Only the
direction was changed, and the change in direction of the two forces would also affect the
direction of the equilibrant to make the ring on the force table be equal.
5. Pulleys are used to carry the weight of an object so that it could transfer it to another. Pulleys are
also used in carrying heavy objects through leverage. Pulleys are widely used because it is
portable and easy to use. Even though they are a possible source of error, they are still useful and
credible.
VI. Conclusions

Based on the data gathered and computed from experiment the are almost the same, human
error can be a factor in calculating for the table. Difference from the data in the tables were minimal. In
graphing the vector, we used for measuring are protractor, ruler and also a graphing paper. Percentage
errors varies from graphical to analytical and also experimental to analytical, therefore adding vectors are
the same. It only shows how it affects percentage error due to human error and limitations.

VII. Graph