Transient Response in Series R-L Circuit with Sinusoidal Excitation also called

First Order Circuit with sinusoidal excitation. In previous article we had already
posted various first order circuit with different mode of excitation.  Transient
Response in Series RC circuit having D.C. Excitation (First Order
circuit),  Transient Response of Passive Circuits (Differential Equation
Approach), Examples of Transient Response of Series R-L Circuit having D.C.
Excitation,

Derivation of Transient Response in Series R-L Circuit

with Sinusoidal Excitation
Let v = Vm sin (ɷt + ϕ) where ϕ varies from 0-2p depending on the switching
instant. Application of KVL at t = 0+ in figure 1 after switch is closed, gives

        

or,    

or,                                           …(1)

where “p” represents first derivative of i.

The complementary function of equation 1 is,

                                                                    …(2)

Next we are to obtain the particular solution of current (ip) such that the net
current solution i is given by

        

Let                                …(3)

where A and B are unknown constants.

        ⸫ The first derivative of ip becomes

         …(4)

Substituting these expressions for ip and pip in equation 1   or,    

Equating coefficients of like terms,

        

        

Substituting the values of A and B in the expression for ip (equation 3)

or,    

        

Let R = cos θ and ɷL = sin θ; θ being tan-1 (ɷL/R),

Thus,

        

or,    

        

This gives the net current solution as

         or,                        …(5)

However, the inductance will oppose any sudden change of current through it.

As there was no current in the circuit before the switch was closed, hence i0 = 0.

        Then at t = 0.

        

or,    

Substituting the value of C, in equation 5,  …(6)

The final part of equation 6 contains the exponential factor e-(R/L)t which becomes
zero at relatively short time as with increasing t, e-(R/L)t decreases. The expression
within the bracket depends on the value of ϕ i.e., the instant when the switch is
closed.

The second part of equation 5 is the steady state current which lags the applied
voltage by an angle given by tan-1(ɷL/R).

Example 1: A 50 Hz 400 V (peak value) sinusoidal voltage is applied at t = 0

to a series R-L circuit having resistance 5 Ω and inductance 0.2 H. Obtain
an expression of the current at any instant “t”. Calculate the value of the
transient current 0.01 sec after switching on.

Solution:

Z (impedance of L-R circuit)   

        

Applying KVL in the R-L circuit

        

or,    

or,    

The complementary function iC  is given by

        
and the particular solution is

        

        

        

⸫ The complete solution is,

        

i.e.,  

at t = 0,

        

        

The current becomes

        

at t = 0.01 sec.

        

[Since iC is the transient part that is only wanted in the problem, hence we need
not calculate ip which is a steady state part]

Example 2: An a.c. voltage of v = V sin 100 pt is applied to a series R-L

circuit. If the L-R circuit has R = 10 Ω and L = 0.1 H, calculate the ratio of
maximum value to which the current rise to the steady state maximum
value when the voltage is applied at an instant t = 0.002 sec.

Solution:

The complementary function for the current in this R-L circuit where a.c.
voltage is applied at t time is given by

        

and particular solution is given by

        
Where ϕ is the phase angle voltage at time t = 0.

        In this problem ϕ = 0.

             

        

or,    

        [               ]

at t = 0.002 sec,

        

        

But at t = 0.002 sec i = 0

        

        

        

        

Thus,

        

It may be observed that i will be maximum if the 2nd term in the bracketed

portion is maximum with -ve sign. This is possible if

        

i.e.,  

        

With        
        

        

        

⸫ Max. value of current is

        

Thus, the ratio of maximum value to which the current rises to the steady state
maximum value is given by

        

Example 3: Obtain the current at t > 0, if a.c. voltage v is applied when the
switch K is moved to 2 from 1 at t = 0 (fig 2). Assume a steady state current
of 1 A in the L-R circuit when the switch was at position 1.

Solution:

At position 1 of the switch K, the steady state current in the circuit is 1 A, i.e.,
i(0–) = 1 A. As soon as the switch is moved to position 2, at t = 0, the a.c.
voltage v appears across the LR series circuit. Due to presence of inductance,
        

        

        

Applying KVL in the R-L circuit

        

or,    

or,    

i.e., 

        

        

        

        

        

Then the complete current is given by

        

        

However, at t = 0+,

        

        

or,