MODULE 9 Testing The Difference Between The Population Means

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig
MODULE NO. 9 Z-
Title : Testing the Difference Between the Population Means
(Large Independent Samples) and (Small Independent
Samples)
)
test – Test of the Difference Between Two Population Means (Large Samples)
T-test – Test of the Difference Between Two Population Means (Small Samples)
Overview
In this Module we are going to deal with the procedures for making inferences about
two populations. When we want to compare two populations we need two samples, one from
each Two Basic kinds of samples can be used the independent and dependent samples. The
independence and dependence of a sample determined by the sources used for the data. A
source can be an object, a person or something that yield a part of data. If two unrelated sets
of the sources are used, one set of each population, we have independent sampling.
We will discuss in this module testing the difference between Two Means (Independent
Samples)
A. For Large Independent Samples using Z-test statistic and
B. For Small Independent Samples using t-test statistic
When comparing the means of two populations, we usually consider the difference
between
their means µ1− µ2. The inferences will make about µ1− µ2 will be based on the difference
between the observed sample means x̅1 − x̅2.
Study Guide
All students will be required to complete all activities/exercises to practice,

assessment and comprehensive exam that assesses the learning of all course
objectives. This must be weighted in a manner so that all of these requirements worth a
minimum of
 Quizzes 20%
 Class activities/exercises 20%
 Assignment and Project 15%
 Attendance/Deportment 10%
 Major Examination 35%
------------
TOTAL - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 100%
COURSE TITLE (Advanced Statistics)

Page 1
General Course Requirements:
Even we are on online classes, you have to :
1. Please keep all your work (assignments, quizzes etc.) for Portfolio
requirements at the end of the semester.
2. Make sure to put your Last Name, First Name Class Section, Time Schedule,
Day Schedule and Date on all activities and assignments.
3. Make sure if we have face to face during online classes your camera in ON.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the module the student will be able to :
1. Make a statistical decision as to whether or not the sample mean is

different from the population mean when n ≥ 30.
2. Make a statistical decision as to whether or not the sample mean is
different from the population mean when n < 30.
Topic Presentation
A. Z-test
If two independent samples are drawn randomly from a large population with
means µ1 and µ2 and variances σ 1 2 and σ 1

2
, respectively. The normal
approximation is applicable for all sample sizes given that the populations
involved are approximately normal and the population variances 1 and

2
σ
1
2
σ
are known quantities.
Since the sampling distribution is approximately normal, we will use the
Z – test in our inferences. The formula for the z test for comparing two means from
Independent population will be determined by :
FORMULA NO. 1 σ is known rare case

Page 2
FORMULA NO. 2 σ is unknown
NOTE : IF σ IS UNKNOWN WE CAN MAKE USE OF FORMULA 2
WHERE Z = z test for two independent samples.

x̅1, x̅2 = the mean values of the sample
groups 1 and 2.
σ 1
2
and σ 2
2
= the variances of the population
groups 1 and 2.
S 1
2
and S 2
2
= the variances of the sample
groups 1 and 2.
n 1 and n 2 = sample population of group 1
and 2.
x̅1, − x̅2 = the observed differences
µ1, − µ2 = the expected differences
= the standard error of

the difference
Page 3

Page 4

Page 5

A. Zc = 5.0
B. Separate RR from AR
Use two-tailed test
Use = 0.05 given
Use Critical values of Z – Table
Page 6

Z Type of Test 0.05
Two Tailed Test ±1.96
C. Locate Zc = 5.0
D. Since Zc FALLS in RR -- Reject Ho

IV - Decision : REJECT Ho
V. Conclusion : µ1 − µ2 ≠ 0 or µ1 ≠ µ2
There is enough evidence to Reject Ho
So µ1 − µ2 ≠ 0 or µ1 ≠ µ2
Page 7

Page 8

Page 9

Example : Testing the Difference Between Two Population

Means (Small Independent Samples)
Page 10

Decision : Reject HO
Conclusion :
Page 11



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RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

All students will be required to complete all activities/exercises to practice,

COURSE TITLE (Advanced Statistics)

At the end of the module the student will be able to :

1. Make a statistical decision as to whether or not the sample mean is

means µ1 and µ2 and variances σ 1 2 and σ 1

involved are approximately normal and the population variances 1 and

FORMULA NO. 1 σ is known rare case

COURSE TITLE (Advanced Statistics)

FORMULA NO. 2 σ is unknown

NOTE : IF σ IS UNKNOWN WE CAN MAKE USE OF FORMULA 2

WHERE Z = z test for two independent samples.

= the standard error of

COURSE TITLE (Advanced Statistics)

COURSE TITLE (Advanced Statistics)

COURSE TITLE (Advanced Statistics)

COURSE TITLE (Advanced Statistics)

Z Type of Test 0.05

Two Tailed Test ±1.96

D. Since Zc FALLS in RR -- Reject Ho

COURSE TITLE (Advanced Statistics)

COURSE TITLE (Advanced Statistics)

COURSE TITLE (Advanced Statistics)

Example : Testing the Difference Between Two Population

COURSE TITLE (Advanced Statistics)

COURSE TITLE (Advanced Statistics)

COURSE TITLE (Advanced Statistics)

COURSE TITLE (Advanced Statistics)

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