SCI

EN QUAR
TER 4 –

CE MODU
LE 1:

4 TYPES
OF
SOIL
AND
THEIR
CHAR
ACTER
ISTICS
 TYPES OF SOIL AND
LESSO THEIR
N 1: CHARACTERISTICS
Soil is a very important natural resource on earth made up of tiny particles of rocks and
decayed plants and animals. Since this is a natural resource, this can be categorized into
different soil types, each with distinct physical characteristics that provide growing benefits.
Soil can be categorized into sand, clay, silt, peat, chalk and loam types of soil based on the
dominating size of the particles within a soil.
Let us take a look at the pictures
below. Observe each picture. Describe it.
What have you notice with the
characteristics of the soil?
The first picture is sandy soil. As you can
see in the picture, sandy soils contains
high proportion of sand and little clay (clay weighs more than sand). The other picture is clay,
this type of soil is heavy that benefits from high nutrients. Clay soils remain wet and cold in
winter and dry out in summer.
Take a look with the pictures below. Observe
and tell how each type of soil differ from
each other. The picture shows loam and peat
soil. Loam soil is a mixture of sand, silt and
clay that are combined to avoid the negative
effects of each type. These soils are fertile,
easy to work with and provide good drainage. Depending on their predominant composition
they can be either sandy or clay loam. While peat soil is high in organic matter and retains a
large amount of moisture. This type of soil is very rarely found in a garden and often imported
into a garden to provide an optimum soil base for planting.
Let’s have another type of soil. Look at the
pictures below. What can you say about these
types of soil? Do you think they have the same
characteristics? As you can see in the pictures
the given types of soil have different
characteristics. It is because silt soil is a light
and moisture retentive soil type with a high fertility rating.As silt soils compromise of medium
sized particles they are well drained and hold moisture well. While chalk soil is can be either
light or heavy but always highly alkaline due to the calcium carbonate or lime within its
structure. Since these types of soil has their own characteristics meaning they have their own
ability to sustain the life of living things. Some of these types of soil are good for planting while
others are not.

1
ACTIVITY 1 “DO YOU KNOW ME?”

Direction: Identify the types of soil being described.

1. A type of soil which is high in organic matter and retains a large amount of moisture.
 2. It contains high proportion of sand and little clay.
3. A soil which is a mixture of sand, silt and clay that are combined to avoid the negative
effects of each type.
4. It can be either light or heavy but always highly alkaline due to the calcium carbonate
or lime within its structure.
5. A type of soil which is heavy that benefits from high nutrients

Let’s have another activity. Look at the pictures below. Those are images of the different types
of soil.

ACTIVITY 2 “KNOW ME BETTER”

Direction: Observe the pictures and tell the kind of soil that you can see in the pictures.
_______1. _______2. _______3.

_______4. _______5.

WRAP UP
To summarize what you have learned, let us do the activity.
Write True if the statement is correct and False if it is wrong.
________1. Soil is not a natural resource.
________2. Loam soil is one of the type of soil which is good for planting.
________3. Soil has only two (2) types.
________4. Chalk soil is highly alkaline due to calcium carbonate.
________5. Peat soil is not high in organic matter.

VALUING
Take a look at the picture below. What does the picture show? Is soil plays a great role in our
life? Why soil is important?

The soil is important to all living things on earth because it is the source of four essential
‘living’ factors, namely, food, clothes, shelter and medicine, all of which either directly or
indirectly coming from the soil. For plants, the soil is very important to their growth and yield.
In our present situation, COVID-19 pandemic people should plant vegetables in their backyard ,
what kind of soil is best for growing vegetables ?
 POST TEST
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is a natural resource on earth that is made up of tiny particles of rocks and decayed plants
and animals.-------
A. rocks C. water
B. soil D. none of the above
2. This is a type of soil which is very rarely found in a garden and often imported into a garden
to provide an optimum soil base for planting.
A. chalk soilC.peat
B. clay soil D. silt
3. The soil which is fertile, easy to work with and provide good drainage
A. chalk soilC. loam soil
B. clay soil D. peat soil
4. A type of soil that contains high proportion of sand and little clay.
A. chalk soilC. loam soil
B. clay soil D. Sand soil
5. This is can be either light or heavy but always highly alkaline due to the calcium carbonate or
lime within its structure.A. Some materials are hard.
A. chalk soilC. loam soil
B. clay soil D. Sand soil

REFERENCES:

https://www.boughton.co.uk>products>topsoils>soil-types https://www.boughton.co.uk/wp-
content/uploads/sites/14/2019/07/sandy-soil-1.jpg https://www.boughton.co.uk/wp-
content/uploads/sites/14/2019/07/clay-soil-1.jpg https://www.boughton.co.uk/wp-
content/uploads/sites/14/2019/07/loam-soil-1.jpg