CRIME CAUTION AND VICTIMOLOGY

VICTIMOLOGY

 IT IS THE STUDY OF VICTIMS AND THEIR PATTERNS OF VICTIMIZATION, THEN IT IS THE STUDY
OF THE ETIOLOGY (OR CAUSES) OF VICTIMIZATION
 ITS CONSEQUENCES ON HOW THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM ACCOMMODATES AND ASSIST
VICTIMS, AND HOW OTHER ELEMENTS OF SOCIETY, SUCH AS THE MEDIA , DEAL WITH THE
VICTIMS
 VICTIMOLOGIST USED SCIENTIFIC METHOD ANSWER ON WHY YOUNGER PEOPLE ARE
MORELIKELY TO BE VICTIMS THAN ARE OLDER PEOPLE.

THE PRECIPITATION THEORY

 SUGGESTS THAT SOME PEOPLE CAUSE OR INITIATE A PARTICULAR CONFRONTATION THAT MAY
EVENTUALLY LEAD TO THAT PERSON BECOMING VICTIMIZED BY INJURY OR DEATH
 ACTIVE - PRECIPITATION EXISTS WHEN THE VICTIM KNOWINGLY ACTS IN A PROVOCATIVE
MANNER, USES FIGHTING WORDS OR THREATS, OR SIMPLY ATTACKS FIRST.
 PASSIVE - PRECIPITATION OCCURS WHEN THE VICTIM CONTAINS CHARACTERISTICS THAT
UNKNOWINGLY MOTIVATES OR THREATENS THE ATTACKER.( FEMALE, ELDERLY, YOUNG,
METALLY ILL, PHYSICAL DISABLE ETC.)

EMERGING CONCERNS FOR THE VICTIMS OF CRIME

 VICTIM PRECIPITATION - IS DEFINED AS THE EXTENT TO WHICH A VICTIM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR

HIS OR HER OWN VICTIMIZATION
 THE CONCEPT IS ROOTED IN THE NOTION THAT, ALTHOUGH SOME VICTIMS ARE NOT AT ALL
RESPONSIBLE FOR THEIR VICTIMIZATION, OTHER VICTIMS ARE.
 IDENTIFYING VICTIM PRECIPITATION DOES NOT NECESSARILY LEAD TO NEGATIVE OUTCOMES. IT
IS PROBLEMATIC, WHEN IT IS USED TO BLAME THE VICTIM WHILE IGNORING THE OFFENDER’S
ROLE.

VICTIM FACITATION

 IT OCCURS WHEN A VICTIM UNINTENTIONALLY MAKES IT EASIER FOR AN OFFENDER TO

COMMIT A CRIME.
 A VICTIM MAY, IN THIS WAY BE A CATALYST FOR VICTIMIZATION
EX: A WOMAN LEFT HER PURSE IN THE PLAIN VIEW IN HER OFFICE AND THEN HAD TO BE STEAL
BY SOMEONE ELSE
 FACILITATION HELPS UNDERSTAND WHY ONE PERSON MAY BE VICTIMIZED OVER ANOTHER BUT
DOES NOT CONNOTE B;AME AND RESPONSIBILITY.

VICTIM PROVOCATION

 IT OCCURS WHEN A PERSON DOES SOMETHING THAT INCITES ANOTHER PERSON TO COMMIT
AN ILLEGAL ACT.
 SUGGEST THAT WITHOUT THE VICTIM’S BEHAVIOR, THE CRIME WOULD NOT HAVE OCCURRED
 PROVOCATION, THEN MOST CERTAINLY CONNOTES BLAME. IN FACT, THE OFFENDER IS NOT AT
ALL RESPONSIBLE .
EX: A MAN IS WALKING TOWARDS TO HIS HOME BUT SUDDENLY A MUGGER PULL A GUN AND
INSTEAD GIVING HIS MONEY TO THE MUGGER, HE PULLED THE GUN AND SHOT THE MUGGER.
IN THIS SCENARIO ULTIMATELY IS A VICTIM.

GOVERMENT PROGRAMS FOR THE VICTIMS

 IN THE UNITED STATES, THE FIRST CRIME COMPENSATION PROGRAM WAS STARTED IN
CALIFORNIA IN 1965
 VICTIM COMPENSATION PROGRAMS ALLOW FOR VICTIM TO BE FINANCIALLY COMPENSATED
FOR UNCOVERED COSTS RESULTING FROM THEIR VICTIMIZATION.
 1972, THE FIRST THREE VICTIM ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS IN THE NATION, TWO OF WHICH WERE
RAPE CRISIS CENTERS, WHERE FOUNDED BY VOLUNTEERS
  PROGRAMS BEGUN TO MAKE SOCIAL SERVICES PROVIDE SOME ASSISTANCE CONTINUE TO
PROVIDE TODAY

PROGRAM FOR VICTIMS IN THE PHILIPPINES

 A claimant can obtain an application from the Board of Claims through the Secretariat of the
Board of Claims, Department of Justice, Republic of the Philippines. Victims should submit
copies of all medical records from treating hospitals and physicians with the application. The
Board of Claims is required to render a decision within 30 days.
 MEDICAL EXPENSES, MENTAL HEALTH EXPENSES, LOST WAGES, LOST SUPPORT DEPENDENTS OF
HOMICIDE VICTIMS AND FUNERAL AND BURIAL EXPENSES

VICTIM'S REPARATION AND EMOTIONAL RECOVERY PROGRAMS

 THE CRIME VICTIM AND SOCIAL SERVICES - AFTER VICTIMIZED, VICTIMS MAY NEED MEDICAL
ATTENTION, AS A RESULT, EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIANS ,HOSPITAL AND DOCTOR’S
OFFICE STAFF, NURSES,DOCTORS AND CLINICIANS MAY ALL BE PERSONS WITH VICTIMS, OTHER
MAY NOT TREAT VICTIMS WITH THE CARE AND SENSITIVELY THEY NEED.
 IN ADDITIONAL MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS,MENTAL HEALTH CLINICIANS ALSO OFTEN SERVE
VICTIM, FOR SEEK MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES AFTER BEING VICTIMIZED
 VICTIMS WILL HAVE PERSONS FROM THE POLICE DEPARTMENT OR PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE WITH
THEM AT THE HOSPITAL TO SERVE AS MEDIATORS AND PROVIDE COUNSEL
 IN THE VICTIM IS MINOR, THE DSWD OR DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WELFARE AND
DEVELOPMENT WILL PROVIDE SOCIAL WORKERS TO ASSIST THE VICTIM AND GIVING A ADVISE
AND SUPPORT

CRIME CAUSATION

 IT IS A SET OF NEGATIVE SOCIO-ECONOMIC ,DEMOGRAPHIC,

IDEOLOGICAL,SOCIAL,PSYCHOLOGICAL, POLITICAL ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
PHENOMENA THAT DIRECTLY GENERATE,PRODUCE AND DETERMINES CRIME AS A
CONSEQUENCES.

THEORIES IN CRIME CAUSATION

Sociological

 STRAIN THEORY
 CONTROL THEORY
 SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

ANOMIE / STRAIN THEORY

 A SITUATION IN WHICH THERE IS A VISIBLE OF THE CULTURE’S NORMS ABOUT WHAT IT MEANS
TO BE SUCCESSFUL IN LIFE (GOALS) AND THE CULTURE NORMS ABOUT THE ACCEPTABLE WAYS
TO REACH THOSE (GOALS)
 WHICH PEOPLE COMMIT CRIMES TO GET RELIEF FROM STRAIN OR STRESS.

CONTROL THEORY

 CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORY THAT CORRELATES THE LACK OF AN INDIVIDUAL’S SELF CONTROL AS

A KEY FACTOR IN CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR
 BELIEVES THERE IS A DIRECT CORRELATION OF BEHAVIOR WITH THE INFLUENCES OF SCHOOL,
FAMILY LIFE, ENVIRONMENT AND MORALS
 CLAIMS THAT OTHERS FORCE PEOPLE TO DO CRIMES

SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

 THEORY EMPHASIZES ON THE IMPORTANCE OF OBSERVING AND MODELLING THE BEHAVIORS,

ATTITUDES AND EMOTIONAL REACTIONS OF OTHER
 THE IDEA THAT PEOPLE LEARNED TO DO CRIMES THOUGH THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH OTHERS