Present your arguments on the following case studies:

1. Site of the first mass: Masao or Limasawa?

Antonio Pigafetta's account of the Magellan expedition into Philippine shores in 1521 is the
most detailed and accurate, and it is considered the only credible primary source of reports
on the first Christian Mass on Philippine soil. Pigaffeta's account is most accurate since
James Robertson's English translation of the original Italian manuscript is "faithful" to the
original text, as certified by the University of the Philippines' Department of European
LanguagePigafetta's Mazaua, the site of the first Christian Mass held on Philippine soil, is an
island off the southwestern tip of Leyte, while Masao in Butuan is a barangay of Butuan City
situated in the Agusan River delta along the coast of Northern Mindanao, not an island.
Pigafetta plotted Mazaua's location, which coincided with Limasawa's. The pro-Limasawa
group's computation of distances between Homonhon and Limasawa and between Limasawa
and Cebu matches or approximates Pigafetta's delineations of distances between Homonhon
and Mazaua and between Mazaua and CebuMagellan's ships sailed from Homonhon to
Mazaua and then from Mazaua to Cebu, never stopping in Butuan or anywhere else in
Mindanao. Magellan's fleet, which anchored near or at a safe distance from the island of the
eastern shore, had no problems with the docking facilities at Limasawa. When sailing on the

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southwestern tip of Panaon, Magellan and his sailors saw a fire on an island and decided to
go there. Mazaua is home to two indigenous rulers. The King of Butuan is on the island of

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Mazaua as a tourist. Pigafetta's map as proof. From Panaon Island's tip, the fleet sails west

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southwest. Pigafetta's day-by-day account of their seven-day stay on Mazaua Island. The

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cross is planted in a strategic position on Limasawa Island. The expeditions of Ruy Lopez de

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Villalobos and Legazpi landed on the same island of Mazaua, which is now Limasawa,
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between Leyte and Panao. For the second time, Gines de Mafra met with the island's
chieftain.
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2. Cavite mutiny: Grand conspiracy or Labor issue?

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Cavite Mutiny, in my opinion, is a Grand Conspiracy that deals with the Spanish version or
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viewpoint. Even though I understand that the elimination of the privileges enjoyed by the
Cavite Arsenal laborers of exemption from tribute was the cause of the insurgency, if we
analyze or review it carefully, we must look at the bigger picture of contents. We must not
focus on only one argument that the Cavite mutiny is solely due to labor issues; this is a
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simple and weak argument that leads to a misunderstanding. The Polos Y Servicios were
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also mentioned as a cause for the Cavite Mutiny, but is there any evidence that the Polos Y
Servicios were present before the Spaniards arrived? Finally, the GOMBURZA were executed
not because of a labor dispute, but because they were accused of being the masterminds of
the Cavite Mutiny. It's a grand conspiracy since the GOMBURZAs were found guilty by the
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fiscal when they were the defendants. However, the prosecutor used Gov. Izquierdo's
interpretations, based on Izquierdo's investigation, that the three priests were the source of
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the widespread rebellion due to the dissemination of the events. That is why GOMBURZA
was blamed for the Cavite Mutiny, but if we examine it, the labor question is not a strong
reason for why the Cavite Mutiny happened or occurred. Because of the gathered and shown
evidences, as well as the satisfactory impact of the evidences provided in the argument, I
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am convinced that the Cavite Mutiny, a historical occurrence, is a Grand Conspiracy and not
merely a labor problem.

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 3. Retraction of Dr. Jose Rizal

Father Manuel Garcia, C.M. found Rizal's retraction letter in 1935, but it was only made
public on May 13, 1935. Fr. Manuel A. Gracia discovered it in the Catholic hierarchy's library
in Manila. However, only reproductions of the original text were presented to the public.
However, according to Fr. Pio Pi, a Spanish Jesuit, Rizal's retraction was copied verbatim and
published in Spain in 1907, and then reprinted in Manila. Fr. Gracia, who discovered the
original text, copied it word for word. There were different versions of the text in both
reproductions. Furthermore, the date of the signing was clearly stated in the original Spanish
document that Rizal allegedly signed. The year was 1890, and the date was “December 29,
1890.” Later, a supposedly original text with the date "December 29, 189C" emerged. The
number "0" was obviously modified to resemble the letter C. And, later, another ostensibly
original version surfaced. The date is “December 29, 1896.” The “0” became a “6” this time.
Many who believed the Rizal retraction document was faked said that the forger of Rizal's
signature was Roman Roque, the same man who forged Urbano Lacuna's signature, which
was used to capture Aguinaldo. Lazaro Segovia, they said, was the mastermind behind both

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Lacuna's and Rizal's signature forgeries. During the final days of the Filipino-American war,
they were confronted by Spanish friars who wanted to forge Rizal's signature.

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4. Where did the cry of Rebellion happen?

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In the late 1800s, major events swept through the Spanish colonies, including the Philippines. Journalists
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at the time used the term "El Grito de Rebelion" or "Cry of Rebellion" to describe the beginning of these
revolutionary events and to pinpoint the locations where they occurred. The Cry of Revolt took place in
the Philippines in August 1896, northeast of Manila, where they proclaimed independence from the
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Spanish colonial government. These events are significant milestones in the history of colonies fighting
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for independence from their colonizers. Teodoro Agoncillo, a prominent Filipino historian, highlights the
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incident in which Bonifacio ripped the cedula or tax receipt in front of the Katipuneros, who did the
same. Some historians believe the Cry of the Spaniards was the first military occurrence with the
Spaniards, for which Emilio Aguinaldo commissioned a "Himno de Balintawak" to encourage the
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renewed struggle after the Biak-na-Bato Pact failed. The Cry took place in Pugad Lawin on August 23,
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1896, according to Pio Valenzuela, a well-known Katipunero who was privy to several events surrounding
the Katipunan.
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