Sabdankur 239 Bhadra 2078

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jif{ @) cª\s !! k"0ff{ª\s @#( (Year 20 Issue 11 Total issue 239)
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ISSN : 2773-7969
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(mahesh.baral43@gmail.com)
wL/s'df/ >]i7af6 n]lvPsf] g]kfnL ;flxTofsfzdf

x]drGb| kf]v/]nsf] l8lh6n skL lgMz'Ns k9\g
rfxg'x'G5 eg] dhires@gmail.com df Od]n
ug'{x'g cg'/f]w ub{5' .

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(sahityasansa2021@gmail.com)

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sabdankur58@yahoo.com k|of]u ug'{x'g xflb{s cg'/f]w ub5{f}F .
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(trilochansubedi2050@gmail.com)

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;d´bf/L cfjZos x'G5 .
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/ kfgLsf larsf] ;DaGwnfO{ x]¥of}{+ eg] c;n ldqtfsf] u'0f / zlStnfO{ a'‰g ;lsG5 .
b'w bofn' x'gfn] kfgL ld;fP klg o;n] /ª / kf}li6stf lbO/xG5 . To:t} kfgL TofuL
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To;sf] pkfb]otf 36\g hfg] l:yltdf kfgL /fv] plDngaf6 aR5 .
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cfa4 u/fpF5 .
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;S5 . To:t} ldqlar ePsf s'/f Pscsf{sf] clxt x'g] u/L k|sfzdf NofPdf
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ljZjf;nfO{ lbuf] /fVg ;Da4 ;a}n] Odfgbf/ k|oTg ug{'k5{ .
-u_ ldqx?lar b}lgs lg/Gt/ ;Dks{ / ljrf/ cfbfgk|bfg eO/xg'k5{ .
-3_ v/fa sfd x'gaf6 /f]Sg Odfgbf/ k|oTg ug{' c;n ldqsf] st{Jo xf] . To;}n] ldqaf6
v/fa÷clxts/ sfd x'g nfu] /f]Sg] ;b\ko| f; ug'k{ 5{ t/ ldqtf TofUg' x'bF g} .
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sdhf]/ kIfnfO{ a'´]/ ul/df jf ;fdflhs x}l;otdf k|lts"n k|efj kfg]{ Jojxf/ ug{'
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k/:k/df ;xof]ufTds efjgfdf cfwfl/t / ljsl;t x'Fb} hfg] ;DaGw xf] .
-h_ ldqn] Psn] csf]{nfO{ s[t1 agfpg] dg;fo /fVg' x'Fb}g . To:tf] cj:yf /
cleJolStnfO{ k"0f{tM lg¿T;flxt ug'{k5{ .
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xLgtfaf]w x'g gkfpg] l:ylt agfpg'k5{ . ;doj|mddf ldqsf] cfly{s, kbLo /
;fdflhs x}l;otdf cGt/ cfpg' :jfefljs 5 . o;n] ldqtfdf k|lts"n k|efj kg{
lbg' x'Fb}g . o;sf nflu k/:k/df ;Ddfg / ;xof]uL efj /fv]/ Jojxf/ ug{' h¿/L
x'G5 .
-~f_ Odfgbf/Ln] ldqtfnfO{ lbuf] /fV5 . ;fyLnfO{ k|efj kfg]{ s'/f uf]Ko /flvof] eg]
To;n] ldqtfdf vnn kf5{ . tYoeGbf klg tYonfO{ uf]Ko /fv]sf] s'/f ;+j]bgzLn
x'g ;S5 .
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ldqdf ePsf c;n kIfnfO{ ;+j4{g ug{ Wofg lbG5 . ldqsf c;n sd{nfO{ k|f]T;flxt
ug{', ;fy;xof]u lbg' / To;sf] ;'jf; km}nfpg' c;n ldqsf] st{Jo x'g cfpF5 .
To;}n] ldqtfnfO{ e]63f6 / ukmufkmdf ;Lldt gu/L ldqdf ePsf k|ltef k|:km'l6t
/ ljsl;t x'g ldqn] ;s];Dd sf]l;; ub}{ /xg'k5{ .
ldqtf sfod /fVg ul/g'kg]{ cfr/0f ;DaGwdf z'j|mgLltdf elgPsf] 5 .
nHhot] r ;'ÅB]g leBt] b':dgf ej]t\ .
jStJo+ g tyf lslGrlBgf]b]lk r wLdtf . .
-efjfy{ M ;fyLnfO{ nlHht / dg lvGg x'g] s'/f 7§fdf klg a'l4dfg\n] af]Ng' x'Fb}g lsgeg]
To;n] g} kmf6f] / zq'tf a9\5 ._
afa'cfdfsf] ldqtfn] ;Gtltx?lar klg cfk;L ;DaGw lj:tfl/t x'Fb} uP/ ;fdflhs k'FhLsf]
lgdf{0f x'g ;S5 . xfd|f a'af zf]efsfGt g]kfn / ldta'af gGbk|;fb sfkm\n]larsf] ldqtfsf]
rrf{ ug{ rfxG5' . pxfFx?n] sf7df8f}Fdf k9\b} ubf{ cfkm\gf u'¿sf] ;'´fjdf lj=;+= @))(
df ldt nufpg'ePsf] /x]5 . To;sf] b'O{ jif{kl5 @)!! ;fndf pxfFx? zf:qLsf] k/LIff
;s]/ cfcfkm\gf] 3/ kfNkf / ef]hk'/ nfUg'eof] . To; ;dodf x'nfsaf6 kq k7fpg'afx]s
;~rf/sf] csf]{ s'g} dfWod lyPg . ef}uf]lns b"/Ln] pxfFx?lar ;Dks{ :yflkt x'g ;s]g .
t/ @)@( ;fndf /]l8of] g]kfnaf6 k|;f/0f x'g] lhNnf ;dfrf/df s'g} sfo{j|mdsf] ;Gbe{df
xfd|f lktfhLsf] gfd ;'g]kl5 pxfF sfo{/t /x]sf] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no c3f{vfFrLsf]
7]ufgfdf ldtafn] lr7L k7fpg'eP5 . ;f] kqdf d]/f ldqsf] gfd dfq ldn]sf] t/ Ps
ldqn] csf]{ ldqnfO{ n]v]sf] kq dfg]/ Rofltlbg'xf]nf . d]/f ldq g} x'g'ePdf of] kqsf]
hafkm kfpmF eg]/ n]Vg'ePsf] /x]5 . Tof] kq kfpgf;fy clt xlif{t eO{ a'afn] hafkm
k7fpg'eP5 / tTkZrft\ pxfFx?lar kqfrf/sf] j|md 3gLe"t eP5 . pxfFx?lar o:tf]
;Åbotf / v'nfkg a9\b} uof] ls kqx? k9\bf cfkm\g} cfFvfn] b]v]sf] h:tf] cg'ej
x'GYof] . xflb{stf a9\b} uP/ ldta'afn] cfkm\gf h]7f / dflxnf 5f]/fnfO{ d;Fu e]6 ug{
k7fpg'eof] . bfh' d]lbgL/fh sfkm\n] dflxnf] efO /fh]Gb| sfkm\n] @)#% ;fnsf] b;}F labf ;'¿
x'g'k"j{ dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] sfof{nodf cfpg'eof] dnfO{ e]6\g . pxfFx? PSsfl; sfof{nodf
cfpg'x'Fbf dg olt k|km'Nn eof] ls To; If0fsf] :d/0f hLjge/ /lx/xG5 . To;kl5 xfd|f]
;DaGw lg/Gt/ rln/Xof] . a'afx?lar @* jif{kl5 @)#( ;fndf k'gld{ng eof] . clxn]
ldta'afsf # 5f]/f / ! 5f]/L clg xfdL b'O{ efO / lbbL;d]tsf] ;DaGw ;b\efjk"0f{ 5 .
/fd|f] df};dsf ;fyL
c;n ldq kfpg / lrGg ;do nfU5 / kfO;s]kl5 To;nfO{ hf]ufO/fVg ´g\ sl7g
x'G5 . sf]xL aflx/af6 ;fyLh:tf] b]lvP klg /fd|f] df};ddf cyf{t\ cg's"n cj:yfdf
dfq ;DaGwnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg rfxG5 . sf]xL ldqh:tf] b]lvP klg cfjZos k/]sf]
;do ljleGg axfgf agfP/ lhDd]jf/Laf6 plDsG5 . Pp6f ;fdflhs ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns
;ldltdf /x]sf Ps hgf ;b:onfO{ cWoIfn] logL c;n df};dsf ;fyL x'g\ eGg'eof] .
sf/0f ;f]Wbf pxfFn] eGg'eof], lognfO{ d of] ;+:yfdf a;]/ ;fdflhs If]qdf of]ubfg u/]sf]
5' eg]/ aflx/ s'/f ug{ dg nfU5 t/ ha hl6n ljifodf lg0f{o ug{'kg]{ x'G5 To; a]nf
a}7sdf cfpFb}gg . cfP eg] d]/f] h¿/L sfd 5 eg]/ ljifoj:t'df k|j]z ug'{k"j{ lgl:sG5g\ .
kl5 l6Kk0fL ug{ 5f8\b}gg\ . To;}n] lognfO{ /fd|f] df};dsf ;fyL eGg'k/]sf] xf] . o;
zAbfjnLn] d]/f] dg 5f]of] .
l5d]sLkg
l5d]sLx? b'Mv;'vsf ;fIfL clg ;xof]uL x'g\ . zflGt / k|ultsf nflu l5d]sLsf] uxg
e"ldsf x'G5 . l5d]sLnfO{ g]kfnL pvfgdf ;'vb'Mvsf] ;f´]bf/sf ?kdf lhpFbfsf] hGtL
/ dbf{sf dnfdL elgG5 . lrlgof egfO 5, c;n l5d]sL cd"No lglw (Priceless
Treasure) xf] . elgG5, tkfO{+ ;fyL abNg ;Sg'x'G5 t/ l5d]sL ;Sg' x'Gg . To;}n]
cfkm"nfO{ l5d]sLsf] Jojxf/;Fu ;fd~h:o /fVb} cufl8 a9\g'sf] ljsNk x'Fb}g . of] s'/f
/fi6« / JolSt b'j}sf ;Gbe{df nfu' x'G5 . l5d]sLn] /fi6«sf] cfly{s ;fdflhs k|ultdf
kfg{ ;Sg] k|efj xfdLn] b]v]ef]u]sf 5f}F eg] JolStut hLjgdf xfd|f] ef]ufO / a'´fO km/s
x'g ;S5 . t/ l5d]sLsf] ;f]r / Jojxf/n] xfd|f] hLjgdf klg k|ToIf / ulx/f] k|efj kf5{
eGg] s'/fdf dte]b gxf]nf .
s[lifk|wfg u|fdL0f kl/j]zdf l5d]sdf a;f]af; ug]{x? k|foMh;f] cfkmgf] bfh'efO / ;dfg
cfly{s ;fdflhs x}l;otsf x'Gy] . Psn] csf{nfO{ /fd|f; ] Fu hfg]a´ ' s
] f x'Gy] . clxn] To;sf]
?k ablnPsf] 5 . sfd / dfdsf] vf]hLdf xfdL cfkm\gf] k}lqs ynf] 5f8]/ gofF 7fpF+df
;b}{ 5f}F . o:tf] cj:yfdf gofF gofF l5d]sL;Fu ;fIffTsf/ x'G5f}F . cnu ;fdflhs, cfly{s
tyf ;f+:s[lts k[i7e"ld ePsf l5d]sL;Fu cGt3{'lnt x'g'kbf{ slxn]sfxLF c;xh l:yltsf]
;fdgf ug{'k/]sf] cg'ej klg 5 . sltko 7fpFdf l5d]sLx?lar ;xof]u / ;f}xfb{k"0f{
efjn] gofF 7fpF+sf] a;fO cfgGbbfos / pbfx/0fLo ag]sf] klg kfOPsf] 5 eg] st} st}
;fdflhs ;DaGw ;'dw'/ x'g g;s]sf] cj:yf klg 5 . pbfQ efjn] o:tf c;xhtfnfO{
;xh agfpg ;lsG5 . o;sf nflu ;f]rdf nrstf / pbf/tf h¿/L x'G5 . a;fO;/fO,
cj;/sf] vf]hL / ;x/Ls/0fsf] lj:tf/;Fu} cnu cnu 7fpFaf6 cfPsf, leGg ;+:sf/,
rfnrng / af]nLrfnL ePsf l5d]sL b]Vbf sltkonfO{ c;lhnf] dx;'; x'G5 . t/
jf:tljstf oxL ePsfn] o;nfO{ :jLsf/ u/L c;n l5d]sLkg / ldqtfsf] efj b]vfpg
pko'St xG5 . ;dfh ablnFb} uO/x]sf] jf:tljstfnfO{ :jLsf/ gu/L cfkm\gf] k/Dk/fut
;f]r /fVg]x? ;dfh ljsf;sf] k|jfxaf6 cnlUug'kg]{ x'G5 .
o;} l;nl;nfdf b'Oc { f]6f k|;ª\u pNn]v ug{' ;fGble{s 7fG5' . xfdL @)#( ;fnb]lv sf]6Z] j/,
sf7df8f}Fdf a:g ;'¿ u¥of}F . Tolt a]nf oxfFsf] a:tL lgs} kftnf] lyof] / ef8fdf a:g]
guGo lyP . vfnL hldg w]/} x'gfn] oxfF hUuf lsg]/ gofF 3/ agfpg] j|md tLj| lyof] .
hUufsf] d"Noj[l4 lg/Gt/ eO/x]sf]df oxfFsf :yfgLo afl;Gbf v';L x'g] t/ ToxL hUufdf
3/ agfP/ a:g cfpg]sf] cl:tTj :jLsf/ ug{ grfxg] bf]xf]/f] dfgl;stf lyof] . gofF
a:tL;Fu} /fd|f] rf}8f af6f]sf] rfxgf a9\g' :jfefljs lyof] . To;}n] af6f] rf}8f u/fpg'k¥of] .
o;df tkfO{+x?sf] ;xof]u cfjZos 5 eGbf tkfO{+x? aflx/af6 cfpg'ePsf] / xfdL oxfFsf
:yfgLo xf}F, xfdLnfO{ oxfFsf af/]df ;a} yfxf 5 eg]/ OGsf/ ul/GYof] . aflx/af6 cfpg]n]
oxfFsf] pGgltsf af/]df s'/f ug{' kb}{g eg]/ 6fl/GYof] . ;'¿sf lbgdf o:tf] x'g' :jfefljs
lyof] t/ clxn] jftfj/0fdf lgs} kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . c;n l5d]sLkgsf] ljsf; x'Fb}
5 . ;'¿sf lbgdf Ps hgf :yfgLo ldq aflx/sf dflg;df ;Eotf / ;+:sf/ x'Fb}g eg]/
3'dfOlkm/fO{ s'/f ug{'x'GYof] . ;doj|mddf :yfgLoeGbf aflx/af6 cfpg] sdhf]/ x'Fb}gg\ eGg]
a'‰b} uPkl5 pxfFdf kl/jt{g b]lvof] . ;a} ;dfhdf ;'¿sf lbgdf o:tf] j}rfl/s tgfj
b]lvG5 . kl5 sd x'Fb} hfG5 .
ldqtfsf] dxÎj
b'O{ hgf ;fyLx? hf]g / n'Oh d¿e"lddf ofqf ub}{ /x]5g\ . ofqfsf j|mddf s'g} s'/fdf
pgLx?lar ljjfb eP5 / hf]gn] n'OhnfO{ ´fk8 xfg] 5g\ . n'Ohn] d]/f] ;fyL hf]gn]
dnfO{ ´fk8 xfg] eg]/ afn'jfdf n]v]5g\ . To;kl5 pgLx?n] cfkm\gf] ofqfnfO{ cufl8
a9fP5g\ . s]xL ;dokl5 Pp6f kf]v/L e]l6P5 . pgLx?nfO{ To;df kf}8L v]Ng] dg
eP5 . pgLx? kf}8L v]Nb} ubf{ n'Oh kf]v/Ldf 8'Ag nfUbf hf]gn] pgnfO{ arfP5g\ .
clg n'Ohn] d]/f] ldq hf]gn] cfh dnfO{ kf]v/Ldf 8'Agaf6 arfP/ gofF hLjg lbP
eg]/ 9'ª\ufdf s'b\g nufP5g\ . Tof] b]v]/ hf]gn] n'OhnfO{ ltdLn] ´fk8 vfFbf afn'jfdf
dnfO{ hf]gn] ´fk8 xfg] eg]/ n]v]/ 5f8]sf lyof} t/ clxn] 9'ª\ufdf n]Vof}, lsg <
eg]/ ;f]w]5g\ . To;sf] hafkmdf pgn] eg] 5g\, ´fk8 vfPsf] s'/f c:yfoL k|s[ltsf] /
l56} d]l6g'kg]{ 36gf x'gfn] afn'jfdf n]v]F t/ hLjg arfpg' :yfoL k|s[ltsf] sfd x'gfn]
9'ª\uffdf s'Fb]F eg]5g\ .
pk;+xf/
ldqtf / c;n l5d]sL cfkm";Fu x'Fbf;Dd To;sf] dxÎjaf]w geO{ To;} h'6]sf] h:tf] nfUg
;S5 t/ ha logLx? xfdL;Fu x'Fb}gg\ To; a]nf cefj v6\lsG5 . To;}n] c;n ldq /
l5d]sL;Fu ;b\Jojxf/ u/]/ pgLx? 6f9f gx'g] l:ylt agfpg Odfgbf/ k|of; ug{'k5{ .
elgG5, ltdL lgi7fjfg eof} eg] w]/} ;fyL gx'g ;S5g\ t/ hlt x'G5g\ tL c;n / lxtsf/L
x'G5g\ . ldqaf/] l6Kk0fL ug{'k"j{ cfkm}nfO{ /fd|f];Fu lgofNg] -cfTd;dLIff_ ug]{ xf] eg] ldqtf
sfod ug{ d2t ldN5 . dflg;n] ha cfkm"nfO{ la;]{+/ c?sf sdhf]/Laf/] rrf{ ug{ yfN5
To;n] ;DaGw lau|g ;S5 . To;}n] c;n ldqtf / l5d]sLkg sfod ug{ ;+od, w}o{ /
c?sf ;an kIfnfO{ k|z+;fk"j{s x]g]{ pbf/tf ljsl;t ug{'k5{ .
syf
lks] ;/sf] b'M:jKg
/Ltf 7s'/L
-/fhaf8L, bflh{lnª_
l;/lnª\u l;Ýf k/]sf] lhp8fn, cUnL, ldn]sf] gfsgS;f, xftv'§f klg z'4 5fnfn]
dfq a]l//fv]sf, z/L/df df;' eGg] j:t'sf] lgtfGt cefj v6\lsPsf] xf8] z/L/df
/ftf] ;f8L / nfdf] sfnf] :j]6/, nfdf] NofGb|Øfª\u k/]sf] ´f]nf le/]sL, sfgdf 7'nf
7'nf j[Qfsf/ Oo/l/ªx?, gfs}df 6fFl;Psf] ;fgf] rfFbLsf] d'Gb|L, cN5L gu/L sfhn
/ lnlkl:6s a]:;/L kf]ltPsf afGsL k/]sf cfFvf / cf]7x?, s}nf] 5f8f 5f8]sf]
s]z/fzLl;t Pp6L sl/a #%÷$) jif{sL ;'Gb/L Ps ;fF´ crfgs lks] ;/sf] 3/
;f]Wb} / vf]Hb} cfOk'u]sL lyO{ .
xfd|f lks] ;/, 3/df cFufnf]el/sL :jf:gL lhpFbf] 5Fbf5Fb} o:tL lk08/f]uL´}F b]lvg]
lk08LafO{l;t s;/L ;lNsg k'u]sf lyP s'lGg < t/ lk08LafO{sf] ;fIfft\ bz{g kfpFbf
eg] ;/sf] ;ftf]k'Tnf] g} p8]/ uof] . pgsf k/]nLx? klg a6fl/P h:tf b]lvP .
;kgLdf klg lks] ;/n] ;f]Rb} g;f]r]sf] lk08LafO{sf] o:tf] ck|Tofl;t bz{gkl5 olt
nfdf] lha|f] lgsfn]/ lks] ;/ cfkm} lgs} a]/;Dd tl;{Psf lyP . cfh ;fIfft\ bz{g
kfOPsL lk08L g} lks] ;/n] km];a'sdf lrghfg u/]/ ne u/]sL cg'/fwf x'g\ eGg]
s'/f]df pgnfO{ k6Ss} ljZjf; ePg . cg'/fwf / lk08Lsf] t'ngfTds cWoog ubf{
;/n] cfsfz / kftfnsf] leGgtf b]v] . pgnfO{ of] ljifo c´} uHofª\u|f] nfUb} uof] .
pgn] bfndf cfkm\g} …sfnÚ b]Vg yfn] .
cg'/fwfsf] ;f6f] lk08LafO{sf] of] cfudgn] lar/f Û ;/nfO{ ulx/f] ;f]rdf 8'afOlbof] .
pgn] cfkm}nfO{ dxdf n6kl6Psf] l´Fuf]sf] ?kdf kfP . ca kv]6f dxdf n6\kl6Pkl5
hLjg arfpg] s'g} pkfo gePsf] b]Vg yfn] .
pgL uDeL/ ;f]rdf 8'a], …d}n] km];a'sdf b]v]sL tL /fd|L g /fd|L s]6L cg'/fwf – h;nfO{
d Åboaf6} k|]d u5{', s] log} x'gt <Ú
pgn] cfkm\gf cfFvfnfO{ k|Zg u/] . km]l/ cfkm\g} dgn] pgnfO{ pQ/ lbof], …xf]Og Û kSs}
xf]Og Û ddfly Pp6f 7'nf] wf]sfw8L eO/x]sf] 5 . kSs} cg'/fwfsf] km];a's csfpG6
Xofs u/]/ of] s]6Ln] dnfO{ ´'Sofpg] k|of; ul//x]sL 5 . d}n] o;sf] /fd|/L hfFra'´
ug{ cfjZos 5 . gq d g/fd|f] 3tn] of] s]6Ll;t kml;g] /x]5' .Ú
lks] ;/ clxn] o:tf] lgSof]{ndf k'u] / 6Ss cl8P t/ pgsf] of] c8fg l;+xsf]
d'vdf k/]sf] d[uzfjssf] ´}F Ifl0fs lyof] . le/df ´'lG8Psf] s'leG8f]sf] h:tf] pFwf] g
pFef]sf] c8fg lyof] .
;fF´df cfpg] kfx'gfnfO{ g ;/n] g t pgs} cfdfafafn] 6S6sfpg] ;fx; ug{ ;s] .
wGg Û u'¿df 7G8f dlxgfsf] 5'§L latfpg gfgLx? a6'n]/ ´6fl/Fb} tftf] vf]Hg dfOt3/
l;lnu'8L ´/]sL lyOg\ . gq kf]l;Psf] Pnl;P;g s's/' n] ufpFsf lvRrf s's/' nfO{ ufFh]

;/x u'¿dfn] b'AnL kftnL lk08Lsf] 3fF6L lgdf]7]/ hu6f 5/]sf] b[Zo eg] clxn]nfO{
lks] ;/ / kl/jf/n] b]Vg k/]g, b}j Û u'¿dfsf] pkl:yltdf xf] eg] 3/df sqf] aafn
dlRrg] lyof] xf]nf . ;s] lk08LafO{l;t} xfd|f lks] ;/n] klg 7f8f] k'R5/ nufpg'kg]{
l:ylt cfOkg]{ lyof] ls < eGg] c8sn klg ;xh} nfU5 .
Ps ljjflxt 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] wgL eO;s]sf km]l/ :s'nsf u'¿afaf6 hfgLa'´L x'g uO/x]sf]
o:tf] cg}lts sfo{nfO{ xfd|L u'¿dfn] sbflk ;xg ug]{ lyOgg\ g} .
wGg Û xfd|f lks] ;/sf] b"/blz{tf Û ufpFsf] Ps k|fOd/L :s'nsf] lzIfs eO;s]kl5
ca oltsf] b"/bzL{ t x'g}k¥of] lg Û gq gfgLx?nfO{ eljiosf] dfu{bz{g s;/L u/fpg]
t Û :s'n af]8{n] l;Ty}df t lsg Pkf]OG6d]G6 lbGYof] / Û u'¿dfsf] cg'kl:yltdf …;fFk
klg dfl/g] nÝL klg gefFlRrg]Ú of]hgf ldnfPsf lyP ;/n], o:tf] b"/blz{tfnfO{ ca
b"/blz{tf geg]/ s] eGg] t Û u'¿dfsf] nfdf] cg'kl:yltdf cfkm\gL km];a's] k|]ldsf
cg'/fwfnfO{ pgn] clt cfTdLo / xflb{stfsf ;fy ;'6'Ss} af]nfPsf lyP . o;/L,
…d]/f] 3/lt/ klg 3'Dg cfpg" lg cg'/fwf Û d ltdLnfO{ bflh{lnªsf] d'Vo ko{6sLo
:ynx? dhfn] 3'dfOlbG5' . clxn] t u'¿df klg 3/df 5}gg\ Û xfd|f] ldngdf s'g}
tuf/f] 5}g . r'Nxfrf}sf ;a} cfkm}n] ;DxfNg'kl//x]5 . s] ug{' 7G8f dlxgfsf] 5'§L x'g]
lalQs} u'¿dfnfO{ b'j} gfgL a6'n]/ dfOt s'b\g' kl/xfN5 . 3/sf] b'Mv a'l´lbg] eP
kf] Û 3/df a'9fa'9L ;f;";;'/f 5g\, s;n] ksfO{ VjfpF5 eg]/ lxF8]sL s'lGg < oL
dlxnfn] klg d]/f] df;' vfO;sL . pml;t d]/f] lhGbuL glaTg] g} /x]5 cg'/fwf Û ca
s]jn ltd|} cfzf dfq} afFsL /Xof] Û ltdLn] klg a'l´lbPgf} eg] d]/f] a]xfn x'g] 5 .Ú
d'vdf Ps kfyL l3p bn]/ o;/L af]n]sf lyP xfd|f lks] ;/ . pgsf] of] af]nfO eg'F
ls cg'goÙ ef]6 dfUg cfpg] s'g} /fhgLlts g]tfsf] eGbf sd k6Ss} lyPg . cfkm\gf]
s'lT;t OR5fx?sf] j]bLdf cg'/fwfsf] ef]u r9fpg] clek|fon] pgn] cfsfzkftfn Ps
u/fPsf lyP . lks] ;/n] cg'/fwfnfO{ efjgfdf axlsP/ eg]s} ;To s'/fx? lyP
oL . b}j;+of]un] st} cg'/fwf cfOxfn] u'¿dfsf] cg'kl:yltsf] …:k];ÚnfO{ ;b'kof]u ug{
rfxGy] xfd|f lks] ;/ .
k|fylds kf7zfnfsf] lzIfs g} eP klg ;/sf/L hflu/sf] wfs klg pgsf] 5ftLleq
n's]/} a;]sf] lyof] . Ps} hgf klg ;/sf/L hflu/] gePsf] ufFpdf pgsf] 5ftL rf}8fbf/
lyof] . ;Qf¿9 /fhgLlts kf6L{sf] efOelthfjfbL sfvL r]kfOsf] lardf klg lks]n]
Ps nfv ¿lkofF kf6L{ kmG8df r9fPkl5 dfq ufpFs} k|fylds kf7zfnfdf lzIfssf]
lgo'lSt kfPsf lyP . lgo'lStsf] k|lj|mofdf 7'nf] wfFwnL b]lvP klg lks] ;/n] …d]l/6
a]l;;Úd} lgo'lSt kq lbOPsf] s'/f]sf] ckTofl/nf] jsfntL uy]{ .
cg'/fwfsf] la5§ ;'Gb/ ?k / ;dofg's"n j]ife"iffl;t km];a'ssf k[i7x?df cBfjlws
x'g] u/]sf] e8\sfn' tl:a/x?n] xfd|f lks] ;/ dxsf] cl3 l´Fuf elGsP ´}F elGsg
yfn]sf lyP . cg'/fwfsf] df]xdf k/]/ u'¿cfdfl;t ljgfl;lQsf] lgx'F l´Sb} l/;fP/
cnUu} sf]7fdf ;'Tg] axfgfdf lks] ;/nfO{ cfkm\gL :jKg;'Gb/L cg'/fwfl;t df]afOndf
lgw{Ss Rofl6ª ub}{ hLjgsf] gofF :jl0f{d ;kgf ;hfpg] ;xh ;'ljwf ldNYof] . o;}n]
pgL ;fª\nf]n] afFlw/fv]sf] s's'/h:tf] csf/0f g} cfkm\gL wd{kTgLnfO{ 6f]s'Fnf ´}F u/L
´lD6Fb} e'ls/xGy] . ca o:tf] :jl0f{d cj;/ h'6fpg lglDt cfkm\gL ;f]´L, lgd'vf
/ st{Jok/fo0f >LdtLn] g} lks] ;/sf] crfgf] algg'kYof]{ t/ cg'/fwfsf] Tof] :jl0f{d
;kgfaf6 lapFl´P/ jf:tljs b'lgofFnfO{ cFufnf] dfg{ cfOk'Ubf lks] ;/n] cfkm\gf]
cFufnf]df lk08LafO{nfO{ kfPkl5 pgsf] ;kgf b'M:jKg ;flat x'g uof] . ;kgfdf la5§}
;'Gb/L cg'/fwfnfO{ cFufnf] xfn]/ ;'t]sf lks] ;/n] lakgfdf sfnf] la/fnf]nfO{ cFufnf]
xfn]/ ;'lt/x]sf] kfP cfkm}nfO{ . ¿rfPsf] ld7f] ufF;sf] dw'/ :jfbdf lar/f lks] ;/sf]
bfFt eg] bnl5ª 9'ª\ufsf] s7f]/tfdf /8\lsg k'Uof]] . ef]sdf pl;g]sf] tfQftf] lkF8fn'
lgNg] x'Fbf ´]Ng kg]{ kL8f g} eOg\ lk08L Û g lgNg' ldNg] g cf]sNg ldNg] .
lks] ;/n] lk08LnfO{ KofRr} elglbg rfx]sf lyP, …ltdL t d}n] af]nfPsL cg'/fwf xf]Ogf} Û s'g
;fx; a6'n]/ oxfF cfof} < d ltdLnfO{ lrlGbgF klg hflGbgF klg . s] dnfO{ ;lhn}
´'SofpF5' eG7fg]/ cg'/fwf ag]/ cfPsL 5f} <Ú
OToflb OToflb k|Zgsf ´6f/fn] lk08LnfO{ ;xh} eufOlbg] dg agfPsf lyP t/ o;f]
ubf{ cg'/fwf g} x'g\ eg] t d km]l/ cK7\of/f]df k5{' ls eGg] 8/n] pgn] clxn]nfO{ d'v
afP/ b'Mv lgDTofpg] d"v{tf Toflulbg'd} a'l4dtf 7fg] . h;f]t;f] u/L kmsfO{ km':NofO{
pgn] lk08Lsf] lk08 5'6fpg] e/dUb'/ sf]l;; u/] t/ hlt sf]l;; ubf{ klg xfd|f
lks] ;/ …d'ª\/] kf;f]Údf k/] h:tf eP . hlt g} efUbf klg lk08Lsf] d'ª\/f]n] pgnfO{
a]:;/L 76fO/Xof] .
3/df u'¿df gePsf] lgx'Fdf lk08LafO{nfO{ 3/sf] r'Nxfrf}sf ;DxfNg ;xh eof] .
cflv/L lks] ;/n] pgnfO{ af]nfPs} t lyP . gaf]nfO{ cfPsL xf]Ogg\ Sof/] Û ;/nfO{
;f]4}vf]Hb} d;nfsf] a§fb]lv g'g, vf];f{gL, xbL{, bfn rfdn /flvg] s'gfsfKrf ;a}lt/
lk08Lsf xf8 / 5fnfn] dfq} h]lnPsf xftx? ;Nanfpg yfn] . ;/sf j[4 cfdfafafn]
klg 3/sL a'xf/Lsf] cg'kl:yltdf kfx'gfsf] xftaf6 tftf]ld7f] lrof cf]5\ofgd} e]6fpFbf
b'j} v';L b]lvP . geGb} b'O{rf/ lbgleqdf cg'/fwf pkm{ lk08LafO{ cfkm\gf] tyfslyt
;f;";;'/fsf] dg lhTg ;kmn eOg\ . a'9; ] sfndf o;f] tftf]lr;f] x]g{] dfG5] g} a'9fa'9Lsf]
Kof/f] x'G5 . ¿vf];'vf] h]h:tf] eP klg ;dodf vfgf lbg], ld7f] jrgn] b'O{ zAb
af]lnlbg] dflg; g} a'9fa'9LnfO{ dgkbf]{ /x]5 . 3/sL a'xf/Lsf] cg'kl:yltn] ;[hgf
u/]sf] l/Sttfsf] kf/f]nfO{ lk08Lsf] ;]jfefjn] lh/f]df ´fl/lbPsf] b]lvGYof]– clxn]nfO{ .
Ps lbg aftlrtsf] l;nl;nfdf lks] ;/sf afafn] lk08Ll;t 7§f7§}df d'v v':sfO{
k7fP, …nf} gfgL Û ca Ps jif{;Dd xfd|f] ;]jf;';f/ u/] ltd|f ;a} dgf]sfdgf k"0f{ x'g] 5g\ ÛÚ
afafn] 7§f u/]/ eg]sf oL jfSo lk08Lsf] lglDt afFb/nfO{ ln:g' eOlbof] . dnfO{
af]nfpg] lg0f{odf ;/sf] cfdfafafsf] klg ;xdlt lyP5 eGg] ljZjf;n] lk08Lsf] dgleq
tu8f ?k lnof] . ca lgw{Ss eP/ lk08Ln] cfkm"nfO{ 3/s} dg k/]sL a'xf/Lsf ?kdf
b]Vg yflng\ .
ef]lnkN6b]lv lk08Ln] afafcfdf clg lks] ;/sf] d}nf n'ufkmf6fx? wf]O{kvfnL 3fddf
;'sfOlbg yflng\ . carflxF sfd lalu|g] /x]5 eG7fg]/ xfd|f b"/bzL{ ;/sf] d'6' eg]
otf hf]8tf]8n] plk|m/x]Yof] . 5/l5d]sL s;}n] u'¿dfnfO{ oL ;a} s'/fsf] kf]n vf]lnlbP
aafn dlRrg] 8/ lyof] Û To;} klg rf]6 kfP/ dg b'vfO{ lxF8]sL u'¿df s'/f] ;'gL
lalRsP/ al3gLsf] uh{gl;t 3/ lelqFbf lk08L / lks] b'j}n] efUg Eofpg] lyPgg\ .
Ps lbg PsfGt kf/]/ ;/n] eg], …x]/ cg'/fwf Û ltdLn] 3/sf] ;a} sfdsfh ;DxfNg
yfln;s]sL 5f} . dnfO{ t cK7\of/f] kf] nflu/x]5 Û s;}n] u'¿dfnfO{ kf]n xflnlbof]
eg] d}n] u'¿dfnfO{ s;/L ;D´fpg] < km]l/ rfF8} 3/ cfP/ u'¿dfn]======== .Ú
;/sf] jfSo k"/f x'g kfPg Û
…s] eGg'xG' 5 / u'¿dfn] < cl:t /ftL tkfO{n + ] dnfO{ kmf]gdf u'¿dfsf lj¿4df ;'gfpg'ePsf
;a} s'/f ;fy} 3/sf] sfdsfh ug{ ;fx|f] k/]/ tkfO{+n] dnfO{ oxfF af]nfpg'ePsf s'/fx?
d}n] /]s8{ ul//fv]sL 5' . ToxL ;'gfOlbG5', eOxfN5 lg Û cfdfafaf klg d a'xf/L eP/
of] 3/df lelqFbf w]/} v';L b]lvg'x'G5 . ca Ps jif{;Dd d}n] pgLx?sf] ;]jf;';f/ u/]
d]/f] ;a} dgf]sfdgf klg k"0f{ x'G5g\ /] ÛÚ eGg'x'Fb} lyof] . d t ca ;w}F ;w}Fsf] lglDt
tkfO{+sL eP/ cfPsL 5' . g t tkfO{+n] g} dnfO{ n3fg{ ;Sg'x'g] 5 g t u'¿dfn] g},
a'‰g'eof] xf]nf lg Û d]/f] s'/f …lSno/ s6Ú 5 . d c? h:tf] km\oft'nf] dlxnf xf]Og
Û d tkfO{+n] ;f]r] h:tf] Ps /ftsf] kfx'gf xf]Og x}, ;/ Û tkfO{+n] s'g p2]Zo /fv]/
dnfO{ af]nfpg'ePsf] lyof], dnfO{ yfxf 5}g Û t/ drflxF tkfO{+n] lbg'ePsf] cfZjf;g /
b]vfpg'ePsf] dfofdf Psf]xf]l/P/ g} ;w}F ;w}Fsf] lglDt tkfO{+sL eP/ cfPsL 5' . ca
b'O{rf/ ;o xftdf xflnlbP/ uf8Lef8fsf] clu|d e'Stfg u/L ;lhn} labf ug{ ;Sg' x'Gg
tkfO{+n], a'‰g'ef] Û kmf]g / Dof;]Gh/åf/f tkfO{+n] dnfO{ h]h:tf] kf/fn] kmsfpFb} lbg'ePsf
jrgsf Ps Ps zAb d}n] ;'/lIft /fv]sL 5' . d}n] tkfO{+nfO{ ;D´fPs} lyPF, …Ps
ljjflxt k'¿if eP/ 3/df cfkm\gL :jf:gL 5Fbf5Fb} tkfO{+n] dl;t ;DaGw /fVg' gfhfoh
xf] . d of] ;DaGwnfO{ l:jsfg{ ;lSbgF . tkfO{+ ;do 5Fb} ;ts{ a:g'xf];\ gq kl5
ultnf] wf]sf vfg'x'g] 5 eg]/ ;D´fpFbf klg tkfO{+n] s] eGg'ePsf] lyof] yfxf 5 <Ú
…ltdLnfO{ cfkm\gL agfpg g;s] d cfTdxTof u5{,' geP kfun x'G5' eg]/ dnfO{ wDSofpFb}
tkfO{+l;t ne ug{ afWo kfg]{ tkfO{+ g} xf]Og t lks] ;/ < tkfO{+n] dnfO{ eGg'ePsf],
n]v]/ k7fpg'ePsf] Ps Ps s'/f d}n] tkfO{+sf] dfofn] ;'/lIft /fv]sL 5' . ;dodf
d o;sf] lrÝf vf]Ng] 5' . P ;fFRrL Û lxh /ftL dnfO{ lsg cnUu} ;'tfpg'ePsf] <
d oxfF tkfO{+sL gf]sgL{ ag]/ cfPsL t xf]Og x} . d tkfO{+sL ;xwld{gL ag]/ cfPsL
5' . dnfO{ tkfO{+n] ;xh} 6S6sfpg ;Sg' x'Gg . d cfkm\gf] clwsf/ vf];]/ lng] 5' .
u'¿df cfP klg u'¿af g} cfP klg d s;}l;t blag] / 8/fpg] 5}g lks] ;/ Û nf}
ca l;Fb'/kf]t]sf] OGthfd ug{'xf];\ Û cfh a]n'sL g} xfd|f] l;Fb'/kf]t] nufpg] sfo{j|md
;Sg'k5{ lg Û ca eGg'xf];\, tkfO{+sf s'/fx? .Ú olt eg]kl5 dfq lk08LafO{n] cfkm\gf]
k|]dL lks] ;/nfO{ af]Ng] kfnf] lbOg\ .
lk08LafO{sf] s'/f] ;'g]/ xfd|f lks] ;/nfO{ cfkm"n] 6]s]sf] w/tL g} efl;P h:tf] nfUof] .
pgL lg¿Q/ x'g k'u] . pgL tTsfn} efu]/ st} aflx/ hfg rfxGy] . Ps dgn] t
pgnfO{ cfTdxTof ug{ klg psf:of] t/ pgn] kl/jf/nfO{ ;D´] . lk08LafO{n] eg]sf ;a}
s'/f ztk|ltzt ;To lyP . oL ;a} s'/f ;/n] g} eg]sf x'g\ . o;nfO{ s'g} sf]0faf6
klg x]/fkm]/L ul/Psf] lyPg t/ km];a'sdf b]lvPsL tL la5§} /fd|L cg'/fwfnfO{ pgn]
eg]sf lyP . clxn]sL pgsL sfG5L :jf:gLsf] ?k lnP/ cfOk'u]sL lk08LafO{nfO{
rflxF xf]Og lg Û
clxn] ;/sf] lbdfun] tLg lqe'jg b]lv/x]sf] 5 . ca s] ug{'kg]{ clg s] ug{' gx'g]
pgn] s'g} lg0f{o lng ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . pgL lanvaGbdf kl//x]sf 5g\ . Ps} zAb
klg d'vaf6 lg:sg ;s]sf] 5}g . gaf]nL gaf]nL a}7ssf]7fd} lks] ;/n] ;fF´sf]
aQLnfO{ pHofnf] 5g]{ df}sf lbP . ;w}F t ;fF´sf] aQL an]kl5 c? yf]s s]xL gu/]
klg eujfg\nfO{ ;D´L o;f] xft;Dd t hf]8\g] uy]{ . cfhsf] ;fFń] eg] pN6f] ;/nfO{
g} kf] xft hf]8]/ labf lnO;Sbf klg lar/f lks] ;/n] a;]sf] 7fpFaf6 p7\g} lal;{P
Sof/ Û 7'nf] ;fF´ ´dSs k/]kl5 aNn lk08Ln] klg rf}sfdf k;]/ tfgtfgt'gt'g
yfNgeGbf cl3 o;f] elg/flvg\, …nf} ca s] ;f]rL a:g'ePsf] < cfh ePg eg] ef]lnrflxF
tkfO{+n] h;/L klg kl08thLnfO{ af]nfP/ xfd|f] l;Fb'/kf]t]sf] nG7f ;lsxfNg'k5{ x} .
d t dflGbgF lg ÛÚ
/ftel/ lks] ;/nfO{ lgb|} k/]g Û k/f];\ klg s;/L < pgsf] lhGbuLdf of]eGbf 8/nfUbf]
wf]sf c? s] kf] x'g ;SYof] / Û …8an 8f]hÚ sf]le8 EoflS;g nufP/ klg pgnfO{
sf]/f]gfsf] ;ª\j|md0fn] u|l;t kf/] h:tf] eof] . pgL ;f]Rg yfn], …s'g lbgdf Joy}{ Tof]
cg'/fwf eGg] r'F8]NgLl;t km];a'sdfkm{t e]6 x'g k'Uof] . lbgx'F leGg leGg j]ife"iffdf,
a]Unfa]Un} kf]hdf cg'/fwfn] cfkm\gf ;'Gb/ ;'Gb/ kmf]6f] km];a'sdf cknf]8 ug]{ uly{g\ .
o;}n] d pgsf] ?kdf nlÝPsf] lyPF . o;/L la:tf/} km];a'sdfkm{t xfd|f] ldqtf clg
kl/ro eof] . Psfsf{sf kf]:6df sd]G6 ug{ yfNof}F . la:tf/ la:tf/ xfd|f] kl/ro
k|]ddf kl/0ft x'Fb} uof] .Ú
…Dof;]Gh/df Rofl6ª eO/xGYof] . slxn] kmf]gåf/f klg w]/} a]/;Dd aftlrt x'g] uYof]{ .
cg'/fwfn] dnfO{ pmb]lv ;w}F 6f9f /xg] ;'´fj klg lbO/xGyL .
d eg] cg'/fwfsf] s'/f]df slxn] ;xdt eOgF . p;sf] dfof v':sfpg d}n] ;w}F
…afx|alQ;Ús} s'/f ;'gfO/x]F . ToxL g} d]/f] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] e'n ;flat x'g uof] . ?k /
of}jgnfO{ g} ;j{:j 7fGb} d}n] cfkm\gL ljjflxtf :jf:gLnfO{ klg ;w}F k/ k/ ul/a;]F .
cg'/fwfsf] ;f}Gbo{sf] t'ngfdf d}n] cfkm\gL :jf:gLnfO{ s'?kf, sfnL, afGsL gk/]sL,
df]6L, l/;fxf, af]Ng] 9ª\u gePsL cflb s] s] b]v]F b]v]F ÛÚ
…cg'/fwfsf] k|]ddf km;]b]lv t d ;w}F pmb]lv ´ls{g] / tls{g] sf]l;;df /xGy]F . dnfO{
hlt g} ld7f]dl;gf] agfP/ lbP klg k6Ss} ld7f] gePsf] axfgf agfpFy] cyjf Pp6f
g Pp6f lgx'F l´s]/ :jf:gLl;t ú8} dfq ug{ vf]lh/xGy]F . p;n] d]/f] xftaf6 w]/}
s'6fO klg vfO{ t/ slxNo} dnfO{ clzi6 / ceb| Jojxf/ ul/g . d]/f] o:t} Jojxf/n]
ubf{ gfgLx?sf] 5'§L x'g] laltSs} d]/L >LdtLnfO{ dfOt hfg d}n] g} afWo u/fPsf]
lyPF . d cg'/fwfsf lglDt 3/df :k]; agfpg rfxGy]F . cg'/fwfsf] ?ksf] rª\u'ndf
km;]/ d}n] dft]sf] ´f]sdf u'¿dfsf] lj¿4 cgfk;gfk as]sf] dfq} x'F . jf:tjdf u'¿df
d}n] j0f{g u/] h:tL k6Ss xf]Og . d]/f] /ftlbgsf] srsr / lt/:sf/sf] rf]6 ;xg
g;sL pgL dfOt s'b]sL x'g\ .Ú
/ftel/ Ps} lgb|f klg ;'Tg gkfO{ pHofnf] eof] . afafcfdfsf] sf]7fdf xQkQ k:g
gdfGg] lks] ;/sf v'§fnfO{ km];a's] k|]dn] l3;fg]{ t/v/ ug{ yfNof] . ef]lnkN6 lks]
;/ d'v wf]P/ l;w} cfkm\gf afafcfdfsf] sf]7fdf k;]/ cK7\of/f] dfGb} eGg k'u,] …afaf Û
d t 7'nf] ;ª\s6df k/]F . lk08Ln] dnfO{ ´§} kl08thL af]nfP/ l;Fb'/kf]t] ul/xfNg"
eGb} 5] . ca s]s;f] ug{'kg]{ < km;fbdf kg{ cfF6]F . d t kl08thL vf]Hg lxF8]sf] Û
ca tkfO{+x? s] eGg'x'G5 <Ú
afafn] eGg'eof], …x]/\ k|]d Û ca csf{sL 5f]/Lr]nLnfO{ 3/wGbf ;DxfNg a'xf/L dfOt uPsf]
df}sfdf af]nfPsf] /x]5;\ . pm t 9'Ss} k/]/ ;w}Fsf] lglDt t]/L sfG5L eP/ a:g cfPsL
/lx5 . ltdLx?sf] dfoflk/]d klg lyof] c/] p;}n] eg]sL Û a]n}df tFnfO{ klg p;n]
;D´fPsL g} /lx5 t/ tF g} gdfg]kl5 ca s] u5{;\ / Û vf]O{ s] b]v]/ o:tL lk08Ll;t
tF ´'lSsg k'lu;\ 5f]/f Û …uw] k/ lbn nuL tf] k/L Sof lrh x}Ú eg]sf] rflxF o:t}
g} /x]5 Û Tolt /fd|L a'xf/LnfO{ klg t}Fn] b]lv;lxg;\ . dft]/ /ftlbg s'6\g] uly{;\ .
ca t a'xf/L klg l;lnu'8Llt/} ;fgf]ltgf] bf]sfg rnfP/ a:g], oxfF gcfpg] /] Û cl:t
dnfO{ kmf]gdf eGb} lyO{ . lbg/ft ú8f ub}{ s'6fO{ vfFb} slt lbg kf] lgjf{x rN5 /
eGb} lyO{ . ca tF g} hfg 5f]/f Û xfdL t ca ;fF´sf] 3fd eO;Sof}F– 8'AgnfO{ slt
a]/ Û lhGbuL latfpg'kg]{ ltdLx?n] g} xf] Û ca h;f] h;f] ug{' cfjZos 7fG5;\ To;}
u/ . h] ;f]r]/ t}Fn] af]nfPsf] lyO;\, t]/f] ;f]rn] ceLi6 k|fKt u/f];\ . t]/f] dgf]sfdgf
k"0f{ xf];\ . k/dfTdfn] tnfO{ ;b}j cfzLjf{b lbpg\ Û cfdfafaf eg]sf] lz/sf] 5fgf] xf]
5f]/f Û 5fgf] v/s} eP klg, r'x'g] g} eP klg To;sf] cl:tTj /x'Gh]n To;n] cf]t
/ cf/fd lbG5, a'l´/fVg" 5f]/f ÛÚ
o;f] eGb} afafn] uxel/ cfF;' kf/]/ lks]nfO{ cfzLjf{b lbP klg afafsf] Åbo 5f]/f]sf]
st{'tn] /f]Psf] lyof] . pd]/ / /f]usf sf/0f 5f]/f]dfly xKsLbKsL ug]{ afafsf] lyPg .
cfdf klg a'xf/LnfO{ ;lD´P/ w]/} a]/ /f]O/lxg\ t/ cfkm\gf] xftv'§f al;;s]sf]n] lks]dfly
pgsf] jfSo} km'6\g ;s]g .
kl08thLn] hUu]sf] ljlwljwfg ;s]kl5, …nf} ca a]x'nfn] a]x'nLsf] l;pFbf]df l;Fb'/
nufOlbg'k¥of] ÛÚ eg]sf] ;'Gbf lks] ;/ tl;{P h:tf eP . pgnfO{ xhf/f}F ef]N6sf] s/]G6
nfu] h:tf] eof] . pgn] PskN6 h]7L :jf:gL / b'O{ 5f]/fnfO{ ;lD´P . pgLx?sf]
dfofnfUbf] cg'xf/ lks]sf] cfFvfcl3 gflr/Xof] . ;a}nfO{ pgn] lhpFb} df/] h:tf] nfUof] .
otf gj a]x'nL lk08L eg] ;]tf] sk8fn] vfnL l;pFbf] dfq pbfª\uf] /fv]/ hUu]sf] cfuf]
x]b}{ lks] ;/sf] l;Fb'/ klv{/x]sL lyO{ . clUgnfO{ ;fIfL /fv]/ pgsf] l;pFbf]df ;lhg
uO/x]sf] Tof] /ftf] l;Fb'/sf] kljq :kz{n] dfq pgnfO{ >LdtL lks]sf] pkflw k|fKt x'g]
5 . lk08LafO{sf] l;pFbf]df l;Fb'/ xflnlbg] j|mddf klg lks] ;/sf] xft sDtL sfFk]sf]
xf]Og . la/fnf] s'6]sf] xftn] l;Fb'/ xflnlbP hlQs} eof] . lk08LafO{sf] l;pFbf]el/
5l/Psf] l;Fb'/ l7s ;/n /}lvs ?kdf g;lhP/ aj|m /}lvs ?kdf 5l/Psf] lyof] .
lk08LafO{sf] l;pFbf]df l;Fb'/ xfNbfxfNb} lks] ;/sf] cfFvfel/ cfF;' el/Psf] b]lvof] .
lks] ;/sf cfF;s ' f yf]kfleq ;fob cg'/fwfsf] ;'Gb/ ;'Gb/ tl:a/l;t lks] ;/n] b]vs ] f
b'M:jKgx? ;lhPsf xf]nfg\ . cg'/fwfsf] dv'G8f] cf]9]/ lk08LafO{n] sfdlkkf;' lks]
;/nfO{ tLg aN8\ofª lrt kf/]/ eP klg hLjgnfO{ w]/} glhsaf6 a'´fpg vf]lhPsf
syfx? klg tL cfF;'sf yf]kfleq ;d]l6Psf xf]nfg\ . geP cfkm"n] hLjgdf nIdLh:tL
:jf:gL / /fdnId0fh:tf 5f]/fsf lhpFb} unf /]6]/ b'M:jKgdf 8'a]sf lhGbuLsf] dfld{s
syfx? n's]sf xf]nfg\ . a;\ c? t s] xf]nf / Û
(ritat9653@gmail.com)

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dx]z k|;fO{+
Pp6f cGtd{'vL JolSt h;n] of] cfof{jt{df

dxÎjfsfª\Iffsf] lbof] ;Nsfpg' lyof] .
;Nsfof] klg .
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k'/ftg cfo{g s'nsf] g:naf6 h]g]/]6 x'Fb}
cfPsf] of] Pp6f xfOla|8 hd{g a|fXd0fn] ;Dk"0f{ ljZjnfO{ Pp6} /fi6«df ?kfGt/0f u/]/
cfkm" To;sf] clwklt ePsf] ;kgf b]Vof] .
==
pm ;kgfsf] rj|mjtL{ lyof] .
s'lGg ;kgf ;fy{s t'Nofpg ;kmn ePg pm .
p;n] tGb|feª\u x'g} kYof]{ .
eof] klg .
==
;kgfaf6 lapFl´Fbf pm ;f7L nfv k|]tfTdfsf lardf 3]l/P/ a;]sf] lyof] .
tL ;a}n] pml;t cfcfkm\gf c;fdlos d[To'sf d"No vf]lh/x]sf lyP .
(prasainabhishree@gmail.com)
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u'nfaL cf]7 lyP d':sfgdf dfofhfn ltd|f]

;'G5' ;x/df xNn}xNnf s] xf] tfn ltd|f] .
uNtL ltd|f] lyof] of d]/f], yfxf xf]nf s'g} lbg
;'Gbf nfUof] h] lyof] Tof] ´'Sofpg] rfn ltd|f] .
sNkgfsf] dgdlGb/df g;hfpg" w]/}nfO{
g jfl/ g kfl/ d´wf/df xf]nf a]xfn ltd|f] .
lhpg ufx|f] 5 hLjg, gu/] Vofn Vofn
;D´L g/f]P ca aGnf cfF;'s} cfxfn ltd|f] .
(sherbhujel@outlook.com)
lgofqf
v} Û OGb|fjtLsf] clj/n 5ª5ª
t]hk|sfz >]i7
-k|ltefs'~h, tLgyfgf, rGb|flul/ !%, sf7df8f}F_
…cfhsf] lbg
OGb|fjtL sfvdf
laTof] /d}nf] .Ú
xfdL cf]/fnf] ´l//Xof}F . 7f8} cf]/fnf] uf]/]6f]df d v'§f nUnufpFb} cf]ln{/x]sf] lyPF .
k5fl8af6 cfjfh cfof] …cfxf Û nfnu]8L .Ú
…v} v} nfnu]8L < stf l5g\ <Ú 5Ss kb}{ d}n] nfnu]8LnfO{ x]g{ vf]h]F . …clj/n aUb5
OGb|fjtLÚsL gflosf nfnu]8L d]/f cfFvfdf ŃńL cfOg\ .
tn OGb|fjtL au/sf] Pp6f 7'nf] 9'ª\ufdf a;]/ b'j} v'§f kfgLdf rf]kn]/ /dfO/x]sL
b]lvO{ nfnu]8L . d}n] cfFvf tfgL tfgL x]g{ yfn]F, e"df df´Ln] lgwf/df xft /fVb}
3fdnfO{ 5]sf] kf/]/ x]/] ´}F .
…stf x]g'{ePsf] < oL otf 5 nfnu]8L .Ú Pp6f u]8L b]vfpFb} lyP ;xofqL ;'j]bL
efO . d 6\jfF k/]/ pgnfO{ x]g{ yfn] . pgsf] xftdf Pp6f cwsNrf] lsd'sf] u]8L
d':s'/fO/x]sf] lyof] . d lv:; k/]F, stf …clj/n aUb5 OGb|fjtLÚ pkGof;sL gflosf
nfnu]8L, stf lsd'sf] u]8L . unn xfF;] ;a} . ´Ńsf] t ;a}df clN´Psf] /x]5 lg Û
…of] df´LufpF xf] . axQ/ ;fnsf] e"sDkn] tx;gx; kf/]sf] lyof] . xfn s]xL tª\lu|Fb}
5 . d g} klxnf]kN6 /fxt afF8\g oxfF cfPsf] lyPF . kl5 t c?sf] xf]8afhL g}
rNof] .Ú efO dx]Gb| rfln;]n] ;uf}/j ;'gfP .
…clj/n aUb5 OGb|fjtLÚ pkGof;sf cfVofgsf/ afaf /d]z ljsnsf slgi7 k'q
;flxTosf/ dx]Gb| ;dfh;]jfdf klg cfa4 5g\ . a]nf a]nf pgL d08g, hf]uL6f/l:yt
dfjnL klg cfO/xG5g\ ;dfh;]jf ug]{ j|mddf . pgsf] ;lj|motfdf oxfF ljBfno;d]t
;~rflnt 5 .
olt a]nf klg pgs} cu'jfOdf xfdL cf}kGofl;s kl/j]z lgofNg cfO/x]sf 5f}F .
clxn]sf] sf]/f]gf sx/sf] bf];|f] nx/nfO{ klg a]jf:tf u/]/ ;|i6f kbofqfsf] lgDtf]
dfGg k'u]sf] 5' d klg . k|To]s dlxgfsf] clGtd ;ftfdf ;DkGg x'g] ;|i6f kbofqfsf]
cfhsf] z[ª\vnf h'/]sf] xf] …clj/n aUb5 OGb|fjtLÚ pkGof;sf] efje"ld hf]lu6f/ t/
o;k6s gofF jif{sf] cj;/ kf/]/ klxnf] ;ftfdf ;fl/Psf] /x]5 kbofqf .
pkGof;sf] efje"ldnfO{ gdg ug{ klxn]b]lv nfnflot lyof] d]/f] dg . pkGof;nfO{ d}n]
afn;+:s/0f / O{a'sdf 9fNg yfn]b]lv g} d]/f] dg rf}rf} lyof] o; kljq e"ldsf] :kz{
ug{ . t/ ;fOt h'/]sf] lyPg . :d/0f /xf];\, …clj/n aUb5 OGb|fjtLÚsf] afn;+:s/0f
afn;+;f/ k|f=ln=af6 k|sflzt 5 eg] jl/i7 kqsf/ vu]Gb| g]kfnLsf] :j/df O{a's
:j/a4 5 .
lk|o ldq ljho / dx]Gb| rfln;]sf] dfjnL ufpF cyf{t\ afaf /d]z ljsnsf] ;;'/fnL
ufpF d08g hf]lu6f/nfO{ gdg ug{ kfPsf] 5' clxn] . o; efje"lddf kbofqf ug]{
efO dx]Gb|sf] k|:tfj / 8f= w'|j l3ld/]sf] ;lj|motfdf h'/]sf] xf] d]/f] klxnf]kN6 ;|i6f
kbofqLsf x}l;otn] oxfF k'Ug] .
;|i6f kbofqfsf] lgod s8f 5 . d ;a} lgod kfngf ug{ c;dy{ 5' . To;}n] d
d;Ss cfF6\g ;ls/x]sf] lyOgF . o;k6s kbofqf sd, a;ofqf a];L x'g] ePsf]n]
d;Ss cfFl6Ps} xf] . To;df klg elth cfnf]s rfln;] / cflzif rfln;]sf] ;f}hGodf
sf/df ;o/ ug{ kfpg' cxf]efUo 7fg]sf] 5' . la;Grf]sf] sf/0fn] ldq ljho cfpg
;s]gg\ . ;s]sf eP ´g\ /dfOnf] x'GYof] .
sf7df8f}F, ag]kf, kfFrvfn, lh/f] dfOn;Dd c/lgsf] /fhdfu{ / To;kl5 d]nDrL dfu{
x'Fb}{ lxª\jfkf6Laf6 5'l§P/ xfdL hf]lu6f/ k'Ubf a;ofqf t'/]/ ldq w|'j l3ld/]sf bDktL,
zLtn lu/Lsf bDktL, clegjsf ;Dkfbs uf]ljGbk|;fb l3ld/] j]bJof;, /rgfsf
;Dkfbs k|tLs l3ld/]nufot sl/a rfln; hgf ;|i6f kbofqLsf hdft /f}l;Fb} lyP
hf]lu6f/ xl/tkfs{df .
ofqfsf ;+of]hs dx]Gb| rfln;]sf] cGtjf{tf{ s}b x'Fb} lyof] kqsf/ lbNnL/d0f ;'j]bLsf]
Sofd/fdf . jftfj/0fdf 9sdSs 3fd km'ln/x]sf] xl/tkfs{n] d';'Ss xfF;]/ :jfut
a;f{of] . kfs{sf] agfj6 / ;fh;Hhfn] df]lxt x'Fb} s]xL a]/ /dfof] dg . ko{6sLo
uGtJo pGd'v xl/tkfs{ u'/fF;´}F kmj|mSs kmj|mFb} lyof] . …xl/tkfs{Úsf] ;§fdf …xl/tau}FrfÚ
gfds/0f x'g ;s]sf] eP ;'gdf ;'uGw x'GYof] ls Û ´/f]{ g]kfnL dg rl:sof] .
cUnf] y'Dsf]df lgld{t b[Zo–drfg -Eo'6fj/_ ´g\ clUnPsf] lyof] . /d0fLo y'Dsf]df
/dfO/x]sf] lyof] kfs{, xfdL klg drfgaf6 OGb|fjtLsf] nDa]tfg hnk|jfx / x/fe/f
8fF8fsfF8f lgofNb} /dfpg vf]Hof}F .
v} Û pkGof;df j0f{g ul/P ´}F OGb|fjtLsf] u8\u8fpFbf] hnk|jfx < v} Û ;ª\nf] /
s~rg hnk|jfx < wldnf] / IftljIft cj:yfdf OGb|fjtL b]lvFbf /dfpg ;s]gg\
cfFvfx? . dg s6Ss sfl6of] t/ klg xl/tkfs{sf] pkl:ylt dgdf]xs nfUof] eg]
dfjnL kl/j]z Gofgf] Û
dfdf3/ ;D´Fbf s;sf] dg g/dfpnf / Û a'9} eP klg . ls cfdf ls dfdf eG5g\
Sof/ Û dfdf3/ k'Ubf dx]Gb| /dfPs} xf] . pm k|k'mNn lyof] . k|;Gg lyof] . ljho klg
rf}rf} lyof], t/ cfpg kfPg . a'9f] dfjnL eP klg ljho k'q cfnf]s / dx]Gb| k'q
cflzifsf e'OFdf v'§f lyPgg\ . / t hfFb} ubf{ lxª\jfkf6L l5rf]n]kl5sf] u|fe]n af6f]df
sf/sf] ;fOn]G;/ kfOk km'6\bf …o:t} t xf] lhGbuLÚ eGb} xfF:b} /dfpFb} Ifltu|:t sf/
xfFs]/ uGtJo;Dd k'Ubf klg dSv} lyP .
cxf] Û ldqsf] dfjnL, ;a}sf] dfjnL . xfdL lgw{Ss lyof}F, k|km'Nn lyof}F . dfdfdfOh"
ge]l6P klg bfOefph"sf] Gofof] :g]xn] /flknf] 3fdsf] tfk klg rGb|df´}F zLtn ag]sf]
lyof] . bfdf]b/ g]kfn / s]zj g]kfn bfh'efO Pjd\ pxfFx?sf kl/jf/sf] xflb{stf
d]jf´}F ld7f;k"0f{ lyof] .
g]kfn aGw'sf] afSnf] a:tL /x]sf] u|fdL0f kl/j]z /d0fLo lyof] . ;fFRr} ;fgfsfhL
lqnf]rgl;+xsf] b/af/do gofF ejg ot} ag]sf] lyof] ls < v'Nnf lyof] hf]lu6f/
kmfF6, rf/}lt/af6 eJo b]lvg] . clxn] g]kfn bfh'efO tyf cGo /}yfg]sf cfcfkm\gf
Nofstcg';f/sf gofFk'/fgf 3/x? d':s'/fO/x]sf 5g\ .
dfdf3/sf] k|fª\u0fdf cfof]lht lbjfef]h dWofXgsf] 3fd yfKnf]d} /fv]/ tfQftf] bfn,
eft, t/sf/L / crf/ k:sFb} lyof] . ld7f] lyof] ef]s / ef]hg . wGo, xfd|f] pb/n]
olt a]nf;Dd elthx?n] laxfg ag]kfsf] hgfufnsf] Pp6f /]:6'/fdf u/fPsf] sf}nf
-hnkfg_ n] wfg]s} xf] ef]s .
tfQftf] lbjfef]hsf] pmhf{n] xfdLnfO{ OGb|fjtLsf] :kz{ ug{ / sljuf]i7L ug{ xf}:ofof] dHh}n] .
/ t xfdL cf]ln{b+ } 5f}F uGtJo k5\ofpFb} / e"df df´Lsf] hGd / sd{el" d cg'et" ub}{ .
…clj/n aUb5 OGb|fjtLÚ pkGof;sf] efje"ld oxL ;]/f]km]/f] t xf] . ta g d]/f cfFvfdf
;Nanfpg vf]H5g\ a'9f e"df df´L, ;f]let], nfnu]8L, lvgf}/Lsf nfrf/ hLjg / a'9f
sfhL rt'/e'hl;+x, aGb's] sfhL cyf{t\ ;fgfsfhLsf x}sd . clg afx'g ufpF, rl08gL
eGHofª, lepF6f/, cfFk6f/, efª\6f/ / l;Gw'–rf}tf/f hfg] k'/fgf] af6f] stf stf k5{g\
lgofNg vf]lh/x]5g\ rgfvf aGb} .
le/fnf] kfvfdf 5l/Psf] df´LufpFsf] k'/fgf] :j?k k]ml/Fb} /x]5 . sª\lj|m6sf] hª\un
km:6fpFb} u/]sf] b]lvof] . 9nfg 3/x? lgdf{0ffwLg b]lvGy] eg] k'/fgf 3/6x/f ljjztfdf
lklN;Psf b]lvGy] . RjfFr] -;'ª\u'/_ sf ;;fgf vf]/;lxtsf 5\of;ld;] ufpFa:tL
pb]snfUbf] lyof] . RjfFr]sf la:6fsf] uGw / /S;Lsf] x/sn] jftfj/0f tDtdfpFbf]
nflu/x]Yof] dnfO{ .
df´LufpFnfO{ lgofNg vf]Hbf ;sf/fTds ;f]r aGg ;s]g c´} . v} / Û /xg;xg /
hLjg z}nL km]l/Psf] < 3/ s]xL kfsf eP5g\, o'jf k':tf s]xL ;'lsnf b]lvP5g\ .
s]xL af7f klg eP xf]nfg\ . a;\ olQ g} xf] t kl/jt{g df´LufpFdf < cfTdan /
cfTdljZjf; c´} lgofNg ;lsgF d}n] .
;|i6f kbofqfsf cu'jf zLtn lu/L nÝL 6]Sb} cufl8 a9] . pgsf] cu'jfO k|]/0ffk|b
lyof] . pgL 3'F8fsf] b'vfO / bb{nfO{ bfx|f ls6\b} ;a}nfO{ xf}:ofO/x]sf lyP d':s'/fpFb} .
xfd|f] rfln;–k}tfln; hgfsf] ultzLn nsf]{ x]g]{ :yfgLo cfFvfx? sd lh1f;'
lyPgg\ . afnaRrf, o'jfo'jtL / vf; a'9fa'9Lsf cfFvf lj:yflkt eO/x]sf lyP xfd|f
ultzLntfdf . ;fob ;fgfsfhLsf ;xl/of 6f]nL cfpFbf e"df df´L, ;f]let]], eLd]x?
5Ss / cftª\lst eP ´}F .
df]6/af6f] aNntNn k'u]sf] /x]5, df´LufpF l5rf]Nb} OGb|fjtL;Dd . xfdL klg le/fnf]
uf]/]6f] l5rf]n]/ df]6/af6f]df kfOnf rfNg yfNof}F . OGb|fjtLsf] ljs6 kfvfkv]/fdf
klg ef}lts ;'ljwf kmj|mg yfn]sf] kfpFbf /dfpFbf] /x]5 dg t/ Odfgbf/ k|of; c´}
ePsf] kfOgF d}n] .
…nf} oxL xf] lkqf] ptfg]{ rf}tf/f] .Ú dx]Gb|n] ;a}sf] Wofg cfs[i6 u¥of] . xfdL ;a} …;|i6f
kbofqfÚsf ;xefuLsf] lh1f;f kf]lvof], …s] xf] lkqf] ptfg]{ eg]sf] <Ú
…of] df´Lsf] Pp6f d[To';+:sf/ xf] . of] k|;ª\u …clj/n aUb5 OGb|fjtLÚdf klg 5 lg .
nf} tkfO{+x?nfO{ ;D´gf 5}g <Ú dx]Gb|n] eGof] . ;a}n] pT;'stf hgfof}F .
…xf]Og t efO < tkfO{+x?n] oxL rf}tf/Ldf b;}Ftfs lkqf] ptfg'{x'G5 xlu <Ú Ps hgf
df´L o'jsnfO{ nIo ub}{ dx]Gb|n] cfkm\gf] egfOsf] k'li6 ug{ vf]Hof] t/ df´L o'js
cGsgfPsf] b]lvof], skfn sGofpg yfNof] .
…xf] elgb]pm g . xf] lg .Ú k5fl8af6 Pp6f ;'l/nf] gf/L :j/ u'lGhof] . dnfO{ nfnu]8LsL
ldNg] clt r'Na'n] ;FuL lvgf}/Ls} cfjfh xf] ls h:tf] nfUof] . d}n] pkGof;df pNn]lvt
lkqf] -lkt[_ ptfbf{sf] uLt ;lD´PF –
´fF8L vf]nf af9L cfof], xfGof] x} 5fnn]
a'9f] afn] So} eGg] 5}g, n}hfG5 sfnn] .
…xf] egL b]pm gÚ eGg] gf/L :j/ / o'jssf] 6fpsf] sGofOn] d ´;ª\u ePF, cr]nsf
df´LnfO{ ;fob lkqf] ptfg]{ ;+:sf/ g} yfxf lyPg ls Û clg lkqf] ptfg]{ rf}tf/f]sf]
s] kQf] xf]nf / Û cr]n cfkm\gf] k/Dk/fut ;+:sf/ / ;+:s[lt la;{g] /f]u a9\bf] 5
xfdLdf . To;}n] t xfdLn] xfd|f] klxrfg u'dfpFb} 5f}F . vlNnG5 d]/f] dg .
d}n] b]v]F Pp6f 3/sf] c:tJo:t cfFugsf] l8ndf 6'j|m'Ss a;]sL ;]t} skfn km'n]sL
Pp6L Vofp6] j[4f . 7\ofSs}, cfFugsf] l8ndf 6'j|m'Ss a;]/ a'9f] e"df df´L Ps6sn]
6f9f b]lvg] OGb|fjtLsf] wldnf] hnk|jfx lgofln/x] ´}F . pgL ;f]lr/x]sL x'FbL xf], klxn]
h:tf] OGb|fjtLsf] pn{+bf] 5fn sxfF 5 / Û :jR5 / lgd{n kfgL sxfF vf]Hg hfg' .
df5fx? ;vfk} eO;s] . OGb|fjtLsf] k|jfx klg v} / Û 5fn p5fNg] / df5f n'Sg]
a8] a8] 9'ª\ufx? stf k'u], stf k'¥ofP v} Û oxL lk/nf]df j[4f df´L lgofl;|PsL
kf] lyO{ ls . pgsf] lgGofp/f] rfp/L k/]sf] cg'xf/ x]l//xg d /f]lsg ;lsgF ToxfF .
;'6'Ss kmf]6f] lvr]/ n';'Ss clu a9]F .
OGb|fjtLsf] hnk|jfxnfO{ :kz{ ug{ nfnflot lyof}F xfdL . clu al9/x]5f}F cf]ln{/x]5f}F .
OGb|fjtLsf] cjoj glhs}af6 5fDg kfpFbf klg Tolt /dfpg ;s]g dg . IftljIft
OGb|fjtL ;'S;'sfO/x]sL e]6\of}F xfdLn] .
j|m;/ pBf]un] w'nf] p8fO/x]5 a'ªa'ª . PS:sfe]6/ / 8f]h/n] gbL pTvgg ul//x]5g\
hyfefjL . l6k/n] cf];fl//x]5g\ au/sf 9'ªu\ fafn'jf clj/n . 7]sb] f/ ?kL 8gn]
PS:sfe]6/ hyfefjL rnfpg] clwsf/ xTofPsf 5g\ . hgk|ltlglw / k|zf;såf/f
kflntkf]lift 5g\ tL 8gx? . :jod\ hgk|ltlglw PS:sfe]6/ / 8f]h/sf dflns 5g\ .
lj8Dagf nfU5, cfd df´L bg'jf/x? cfkm\gf] hLjg cfwf/sf] ljgfznfO{ nfrf/ / ljjz
5g\ 6'n6' n ' ' x]g{ . 7'nfsfhLx?sf] ldn]dtf]df OGb|fjtL lbg k|ltlbg s'?k aGg ljjz
5 c´} .
gbLdf df5f dfg]{ / afn'jf rfn]/ hLljsf rnfpg] /}yfg] df´Lsf] larNnL s;n] b]v]sf]
5 / Û ePsf ;;fgf kmf]s6f af/L klg af9L / klx/f]n] ljgfz ul/lbPsf] 5 . xftd'v
hf]8\g] d]nf]d];f] OGb|fjtL;d]t vf]l;Psf]df cfj|mf]lzt b]lvG5g\ df´Lx? .
…vf]nfd} a:5 df´L, vf]nfd} d5{ .
;'gsf];Ldf kf}8]/ x's]{sL dl´gL,
ca ltd|f] zf;g c:jLsf/ u5{ .Ú
– clgtf df´L -kmfu'g @# sf] gful/s cfGbf]ngdf jfg]Zj/df k|:t't sljtf+z_
of] ;a} df´L bg'jf/sf] cfj|mf]z xf] . cfjfh xf] . sljoqL clgtf df´Lsf] of] cfj|mf]z
df´Lsf] dfq xf]Og tdfd hgdfg;sf] aGg ;S5 / aGg'k5{ Û ;/sf/ / ;DalGwt
lgsfon] g;'g];Dd 3lGs/xg'k5{ of] cfj|mf]z . o:t} nfU5 dnfO{ .
hf]uL6f/, df´LufpFsf df´Lsf] o:t} cfj|mf]z / lk/nf]df lk/f]lnFb} xfd|f] kbofqL hdft
clu a9\5 OGb|fjtL k5\ofpFb} . IftljIft au/ l5rf]Nb} aNn OGb|fjtLsf] ;fF3'l/Psf]
hnk|jfx :kz{ ug{ k'U5f}F .
wldn} eP klg k|jflxt hn kljq 5 . kljq hn cfrdg ug{ nfUbf ;f]rdUg x'g
k'U5' d Û o:tf] kljq hn wldNofpg] sd{ slxn] ;lRrg] xf] < k|s[lt bf]xg slxn]
/f]lsg] xf] v} Û hyfefjL k|s[lt bf]xgn] k|fs[lts k|sf]k lgDTofpF5 . of] hfGbfhfGb}
klg xfdL lsg k|s[lt bf]xgdf olt pu| cu|;/tfdf 5f}F s'lGg < ;DejtM wgnf]n'ktf <
OGb|fjtLsf] wldnf] kfgLdf 8'a'NsL dfg{ xRsG5f}F . t}klg ToxfF;Dd k'u]/ OGb|fjtLsf]
:kz{df k|km'Nn aGg vf]H5f}F xfdL . / t v'Nnf au/df cfcfkm\gf dgsf jx kf]Vb}
xfOs', uhn, sljtf ;'gfpFb} / uLt u'Gu'gfpFb} /dfO/x]sf 5f}F OGb|fjtLsf] sfvdf
lgw{Ss, lgl:kmj|mL .
gofF jif{ @)&* j}zfv $ sf] 3fd cf]ń kg{ yfln;s]5 . ;Gtf]if nfU5, c´} clj/n
alu/x]5 OGb|fjtL .
n3'syf
;Gb's
tf/f s]=;L=
-kgf}tL, sfe|_]
lax] u/]/ d cfPb]lv g} efG;fsf]7fsf] bfofFkl§ 7'nf] ;Gb's lyof] . To; ;Gb'sdf
kmnfdsf] rf/kf6] tfNrf dfl/Psf] lyof] . To;df s] /flvPsf] xf]nf h:tf] nfUYof] .
Ps lbg ;f;"cfdfn] ;Gb's vf]n]/ t]n, l3p / d/d;nf aflx/ l´lslbFb} eGg'eof],
…a'xf/L Û Ps xKtfnfO{ k'Ug] l´Sb]sf] 5' . kmf/f] u/]/ xfNg" .Ú
;f;"cfdfn] ;Gb'saf6 l´sL c8\sn]/ rf}yf]df vgfOlbPsf] t]n d a8f] htg;fy kmf/f]
u/]/ t/sf/Ldf xfNy]F . ;lsPkl5 km]l/ To;} eGb} pxfFn] t]nl3p l´lslbg'x'GYof] .
wg'if cfsf/sf] cgf}7f] vfnsf] ;Gb'ssf] ;fFrf] pxfFn] y}nLdf xfn]/ sDd/df k6'sfn]
a]/]/ /fVg'x'GYof] . 3/sf] k|d'v dfG5] pxfFn] rnfPsf] 3/sf] Joj:yfkgdf d}n] s'g}
u'gf;f] ul/gF . ;do laTb} uof] d]/f] klg 5f]/f]sf] lax] eof] . a'xf/L cfOg\ 3/df . gofF
a'xf/LnfO{ klg ;Gb'saf6 t]nl3p l´lslbFb} Ps xKtfnfO{ k'¥ofpg" eGg'eof] ;f;"cfdfn] .
a'xf/Ln] y't'gf] sfnf] kfl/g\ .
ef]lnkN6 efG;fdf 7'nf] b/fh cfof] . 5f]/f]n] l3p, t]n / d/d;nf l´s]/ ;Gb's vfnL
u/]/ b/fh e¥of] . vfnL ;Gb'snfO{ 3/sf] l58Ldf kmflnlbof] . Tof] b[Zo x]l//xg'ePsL
d]/L ;f;"n] eGg'eof], …a'xf/L Û ca xfd|f ;Gtfgn] xfdL;Fu ePsf ;'grfFbL, hUufhldg
/ u/uxgf lnP/ xfdLnfO{ klg of] ;Gb'sh:t} km\oflslbg] x'g\ ls <Ú
kmflnPsf] k'/fgf] vfnL ;Gb's kmflnPsf] kmflnPs} eof] . s;}n] klg To;nfO{ p7fP/
Joj:yfkg ug]{lt/ Wofg lbPgg\ .
(tarakckunwar@gmail.com)

Oltxf;
s0ff{nL k|b]zdf v; /fHo
zLtn lu/L
8f]o /fHokl5 dWo g]kfndf g]kfn vfN8f]aflx/ ;f]kflgs (Hairarchical) hftk|yfn]

cfj|mfGt e"ld s0ff{nL gbL 3fF6Ldf pbLodfg v; ;fd|fHo / kfNkf /fhwfgL ePsf]
zlStzfnL du/ /fHo x'g\ . O:aLsf] afx|f}F ztfAbLsf] dWolt/ gfu/fhåf/f :yflkt v;
/fHo rf}wf}F ztfAbLsf] cGtlt/ ljzfn If]qdf km}lng k'u]sf] lyof] . ljzfn If]qdf v;
;fd|fHosf] cl:tTj lyof] eGg] k|df0f kfOPsf 5g\ . v; ;fd|fHosf] k|df0f pknAw eP
klg ;flxTodf cfPsf] kfpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . Oltxf;sf k':tsdf kfOP klg cw'/f] /
ck'/f] nfU5 . v; ;fd|fHon] ljsf; u/]sf] efiff cfh xfd|f] g;f g;fdf 3f]lnPsf] 5
/ xfdL uj{af]w u5f}{+ . efiff af]n] klg v; ;fd|fHosf] Oltxf; eg] la;]{sf 5f}F .
v; ;fd|fHon] klZrddf u8\jfn, pQ/df xfnsf] u'+u] k|b]z -tTsfnLg ltAatsf] h]bfª
/fHo_, t/fO{ e]ssf] ;f]tf] n'lDagLsf] xf/fxf/Ldf k'u]sf] / k"j{df sf7df8f}F pkTosf;Dd
;}lgs cleofg / uf]vf{–g'jfsf]6 e]u;Dd k|zf;g rnfPsf] lyof] . :yfkgf ePsf] tLg
ztfAbLkl5 o; ljzfn ;fd|fHosf] cj;fg eof] .
v; ;fd|fHoleq ;'¿df s0ff{nL If]qdf afO;] /fHosf ?kdf / kl5 u08sL If]q -h'g
If]q klxn] lnR5lj / c+ztM du/ft zf;gleq kYof]{_ rf}la;] /fHosf ?kdf ljsf;
eof] . pSt ;fd|fHo 6'lj|mgfsf] k|ToIf sf/0f 6'rLn] lrtf}/sf /fhk"tsf] o; kxf8L
If]qdf cfk|jf;g lyof] eg]sf 5g\ .
v; /fhfx? af}4wdL{ lyP . /fHon] klg ;'¿df af}4 wd{nfO{ ;+/If0f u/]sf] lyof] t/
j0f{Joj:yfcGtu{tsf] ;f]kflgs hflt / hftk|yfsf] k|j]z / To;n] NofPsf] efUojfbL
;f]rn] v; ;dfhnfO{ 9fNg yfNof] . cGttM v; ;fd|fHosf] ljv08g u¥of] . t]x|f}F
ztfAbL;Dd ;Dk"0f{ pQ/L ef/tdf d';ndfgsf] alnof] zf;g hld;s]sf] lyof] .
d';ndfgsf] cfj|md0fsf sf/0f ;QfRo't ePsf s}of}F /fhk"tx?, ltgsf k'/f]lxt / cGo
lxGb' kl/jf/sf] 7'nf] hTyfn] t]xf| F} / rf}wf}F ztfAbLdf jt{dfg g]kfnsf] klZrdL If]qnfO{
z/0f:yn agfpg k'u] . pgLx?n] g} oxfF lxGb' wd{ / hftkftsf] d"No / dfGotf leœofP .
lxGb' z/0ffyL{sf] k|efjaf6 oxfF j0f{jfbn] h/f] uf8\g yfNof] . cGttM v; ;fd|fHo
ljvl08t eO{ ltg} afx'g–/fhk"t -If]qL_ sf] g]t[Tjdf afO;L / rf}la;] lxGb' /fHo/hf}6fsf]
:yfkgf x'g k'Uof] . af}4 wd{ dfGg] v; /fHodf t]x|f}F ztfAbLsf] pQ/f4{df lxGb' wd{n]
k|j]z kfof] .
k'0o dNn -O{= !##&–%&_ / k[YjL dNnsf] -O= !#%&–^^_ kfnfdf t a|fXd0f, If]qL, j}Zo
/ z'b|sf] 7'nf] ;dfh v8f eO;s]sf] lyof] . afx'g–If]qLn] /fHosf] wfld{s, k|zf;lgs
Pjd\ cfly{s If]qdf ;d]t k|efjsf/L e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ k'u]sf] lyof] . k[YjL dNnn]
a'9];sfndf /fhsfhdf Wofg lbg 5f8]kl5 l;+hfsf ef/bf/lar zlSt;ª\3if{ ;'¿ eof] .
To;df ;f]jdf{sf] lht eof] . k[YjL dNnsf] d[To'kl5 Psflt/ 6fs'/] ;fdGtn] lz/ 7f8f]
u/L 6fs'/] /fHo hufpg yfn] eg] csf{lt/ s]Gb|df ;f]jdf{sf 5f]/f dno jdf{n] k[YjL
dNnsf 5f]/f ceo dNnsf] /fhu2L xTofP .
dno jdf{sf] d[To'kl5 pgsf h]7f 5f]/f ;Nofgsf, dflxnf 5f]/f hfh/sf]6sf, ;flxFnf
5f]/f ¿s'dsf, sfG5f 5f]/f b}n]vsf / HjfOF aln/fh h'Dnfsf /fhf eP . aln/fh
h'Dnfsf zlStzfnL /fhf eP . log} aln/fhn] …b]p;L / e}nLÚsf] k|rng rnfP . o;/L
v; /fd|fHosf] lj36g eof] . s0ff{nL k|b]z cg]s 6fs'/] /fHo/hf}6fdf kl/0ft eof] .
s0ff{nL k|b]zsf 6fs'/] /fHo/hf}6fnfO{ …afO;]Ú elgof] . To;kl5 u08sL k|b]zdf kj{t,
l3l/ª / uNsf]6df ;dfnsf], Ko'7fgdf ;]gsf], vfFrL / w'sf]{6df d]3f;Lsf], u'NdL, c3f{
/ O:dfdf sfnf dsjfgLsf] / 9f]/, le/sf]6, ;tx'F, g'jfsf]6, sf:sL, ndh'ª cflbdf
zfx–zfxLsf] 6fs'/] /fHo/hf}6f v8f eof] . log}nfO{ …rf}la;]Ú elgof] .
kGw|f}F ztfAbLaf6 ;'¿ ePsf] ljv08g k|lj|mofn] ;f]x|f}F ztfAbLsf] cGt;Dddf o; If]qdf
w]/} lxGb' ;fdGtL /fHosf] :yfkgf u/fO;s]sf] lyof] . v; /fHosf] k|zf;g pkTosfsf]
lnR5lj sfnLg ljs]lGb|t k|zf;lgs Joj:yf;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] lyof] . ;f] ;dodf
pkTosfsf] cj:yf / ;f] If]qsf] cj:yf sl/a sl/a p:t} p:t} lyof] ta klg Oltxf;sf
k':tsdf pkTosfafx]ssf s'/f gcfpg'sf] sf/0f s] xf] t < slt crDd nfU5, ;Qfsf]
s]Gb| pkTosf aGg k'us ] f] x'bF f :jfyL{ Oltxf;sf/sf nflu lg:;f/ nfu]/ x'g ;S5 .
oBlk dgn] dfGb}g, oyfy{ ktf nufpg vf]H5, ;dosf] k|jfxdf xf]ldg dg nfU5 .
ckl/lrt ldq lh1f;f lnP/ cfPsf lyP . eGb} lyP, s0ff{nL k|b]z jt{dfgdf lsg
k5fl8 k/]sf] < lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{h:tf ljifd w/ftnLo k|b]zdf km}lnPsf] v;
/fHosf] k|zf;g ljs]lGb|t x'g' :jfefljs lyof] . s]Gb|sf] k|ToIf lgoGq0fdf s0ff{nL
d'Vo k|b]z dfq lyof] eg] afFsL Onfsfdf :yfgLo ;fdGt Pjd\ hghftLo d'lvofnfO{
cfcfkm\gf If]qleq k|zf;g rnfpg] cleef/f ;'lDkPsf] lyof] . o;/L g} v; /fHox?n]
s}of}F k/flht /fhf/hf}6fnfO{ cwLgtf :jLsf/ u/fO{ s/b agfP/ pgLx?nfO{ g} cfcfkm\gf]
Onfsfsf] k|zf;g rnfpg] clwsf/ ;'lDkPsf lyP .
/fhfnfO{ k|zf;gdf ;xof]u ug]{ k|wfgdGqL -dxfdfTo_, ;fdGt, ;]gfklt / :yfgLo
clwsf/Lx? lyP . v; /fHo;DaGwL !$ cf]6f hlt clen]v kfOPsf 5g\ . tL ;a}
hUufbfg;DaGwL 5g\ . d jf:tjdf s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] Oltxf; lh1f;' x'F, cfu|xL xf]Og .
o;af/] klg d]/f] cfkm\g} ts{ 5 . of] ;To xf] d cfkm\gf] lh1f;f zfGt kfg{ ;s];Dd
k|of; u5'{, ana'tfn] EofP;Dd vf]hlag ug{ cN5L ulb{gF . o; dfg]df d]/f] cfkm\gf]kg
lh2L klg aGg uPsf] 5 .
b/af/df kx'Fr k'u]sf a|fXd0fx?nfO{ /fhfaf6 ljz]if ;'ljwf:j?k s'g} s/ gnfUg] u/L
7'N7'nf latf{ lbg] rngsf ;fy} dlGb/sf nflu u'7L hUuf /flvlbg] rng klg lgs}
Jofks lyof] . v; /fHodf u+ufd}bfglt/af6 cfPsf /fhk"t -If]qL_ n] cGttM ;fdGtsf]
:yfg cf]u6g ;kmntf kfP . v; zf;sn] log} If]qL;Fu j}jflxs ;DaGw sfod u/] .
afO;L sfnsf clwsf+z /fhf/hf}6fx? log}sf ;Gtfg lyP .
v; /fHosfndf cdfTo, d08n]Zj/, ;]gfklt cflb dxTTjk"0f{ kb k|fKt ug]{ ad{ / cGo
/fpnfx? klg v; kl/jf/s} zfvf;Gtfg cyjf glhssf gft]bf/ lyP .
v; /fhfx?nfO{ /fO elgGYof] .
v; ;fd|fHodf /fOnfO{ s/ a'´fP/ v]tL ul/g] hUufnfO{ …/fOs/Ú nfUg] hUuf cyjf
…/}s/Ú elgGYof] . clxn] rngrNtLdf cfPsf] zAb /}s/sf] syf vf]Hg s0ff{nL k|b]z
k'Ug'k5{ .
s0ff{nL k|b]z k'Ug cfh klg ;lhnf] 5}g .
cf};t g]kfnL n]vs cfkm\gf] s'/f]sf] k'li6sf nflu cfkm\g} vr{df bf}l8Psf] kfOFb}g .
s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] v; /fHodf ¿lkofFk};fsf] rngrNtL ax't sd x'g] u/]sf]n] To; avt
cy{Joj:yf d'Vo ?kdf j:t'ljlgdo k4ltdf cfwfl/t lyof] . t;y{ hflu/bf/nfO{
tnasf ?kdf /}s/ hUuf g} lbg] rng kof{Kt dfqfdf rn]sf] lyof] . To;n] ubf{ /}s/
hUuf sd x'g uO{ /fHosf] sf]ifdf e"ldaf6 sd cfDbfgL x'GYof] . hUufsf] dflns /fO,
latf{jfn, u'l7of/, hflu/] cflb hf];'s} eP klg v]tL eg] df]xL ls;fgn] uy]{ . ltgn]
7]lsPsf] s't lhG;Ld} a'´fpg'kYof]{ . df]xL ls;fg;Fu v]tL ug]{ clwsf/ dfq lyof],
hldgsf] clwsf/ lyPg . v; /fHosf] sfd, h:tf] ls af6f]3f6f], kf}jfkf6L agfpg,
x'nfs / ;]gfsf] /;bkfgL cf];fg{ hgtfn] ´f/f ltg'k{ Yof]{ . To;afx]s latf{jfn, u'l7of/
/ :yfgLo 7'nfa8fsf sfddf klg hgtfn] a]7a]uf/sf ;fy} ´f/f >d ltg'{kYof]{ .
To; avt ;dfhdf bf;k|yf k|rlnt lyof] t/ a|fXd0fLnfO{ bf;L agfpg lgif]w lyof] .
lsgeg] oyfy{df To; ;dfhdf lxGb' wd{n] alnof];Fu h/f] uf8]sf] lyof] . o;f] t
ef/tdf h:tf] bf;k|yfsf] bogLo cj:yf eg] g]kfnsf] s'g} klg 7fpFdf kfOPsf] 5}g .
cg]s hft pkhftdf ;dfh afFl8Psf] lyof] . Pp6} hftdf klg y/ c;ª\Vo lyof] .
cfh g]kfnL ;dfhdf kfOPsf] y/ k|fozM v; /fHosf] pkxf/ xf] . o; s'/f]nfO{ ;xif{
:jLsf/ ug{ ldN5 . of] oyfy{ xf] . c:jLsf/ ug'{sf] cy{ ;ToeGbf k/ efUg vf]Hg'
xf] . lsgeg] ;To;Fu 8/fpg' kb}{g a¿ dfof ufF:g' /fd|f] x'G5 t/ sltko ;TonfO{
ckgfpg rfxFb}gg\ . o;}nfO{ hf]/ha/h:tL u/]/ p;sf] hftLo Oltxf; atfpg klg
ldNb}g . hftLo Oltxf; t dgn] yfxf kfpg] s'/f] xf] . ;a} dg nufP/ oyfy{ yfxf
kfpg rfxG5 . o:tf] eGg ;lsGg . s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] v; ;fd|fHodf bdfO{, sfdL,
;fsL{ cflbsf afa'cfdfn] cfkm\g} aRrfnfO{ bf;sf ?kdf ljj|mL ug{ ;Sy] . v;
/fHosf l5gfl;d, a]gL, c5fd, cd/df/fsf]6, 8f]6L, b'Nn', b}n]v, hfh/sf]6 / cGo
s]xL xf6ahf/afx]ssf ;Dk"0f{ If]q ufpF g} ufpFn] ag]sf] lyof] . ufpFsf clwsf+z hgtf
ul/a lyP . pgLx? ;fdfGo ´'k8Ldf a:y] . ´'k8L lxnf]df6f]n] ag]sf x'Gy] . 5fgf
9'ª\ufsf 6fOnn] 5fOPsf x'Gy] . ;Nofgsf /fhfsf] b/af/ eg] OF6fn] ag]sf] lyof] .
5fgf 9'ª\ufsf] 6fOnn] 5fOPsf] lyof] .
v; /fHosf kl5Nnf zf;sx? hLjgsf] pQ/f4{df z:q kl/Tofu u/L wd{lt/ nfu]sfn]
pgsf ef/bf/ / ;fdGtx? zlStzfnL aGb} uP . kmntM /fHo lav08glt/ pGd'v
eof] . hLjgsf] pQ/f4{df z:q kl/Tofu u/L wd{sd{df o;sf/0f nfUy] ls lrQsf]
l:yltnfO{ cWofTdn] 5f]Psf] x'GYof] . pgLx?nfO{ c? s'g} s'/fsf] dtna x'Fb}gYof],
dgMl:ylt eg] a'‰y] . pgLx?nfO{ hLjg cfgGbsf] nfUb}gYof], d'Stefjsf] hLjg
rflxFb}gYof] . v; /fHosf kl5Nnf zf;sx? hLjgsf] pQ/f4{df oxL cj:yfdf
k'Uy] . pgLx?sf] dfgl;s l:ylt laifd lyof] . ef/bf/ / ;fdGtx? s] ub}{ 5g\ eGg]
pgLx?nfO{ yfxf x'Fb}gYof] . ;'gfpg]n] ;w}F /fHodf lylt lauF|b} 5 egL ;'gfpFy] . lau|Fb}
uPsf] lyof] xf]nf t/ pgLx? dgdf ;dfwfg vf]Hy], s;}k|lt j}/efj /fVg x'Gg, b'O{
lbgsf] rf]nfdf df]x lsg < dgsf] cfjfhn] cfkm}df /Dg l;sfpFYof] . d, d]/f] kl/jf/,
d]/f] b/af/ lsg /fHo 5}g < d]/f hgtf s] /fHosf] xf]Og < /fHok|lt cjZo Iflt
rfxFb}gy] ef/bf/ / ;fdGt . v; /fhfnfO{ /fHo ;~rfngk|lt jf:tf ePg . h'g
/fHo hgtfsf] ;'vb'Mvsf] w'sw'sLdf c8]sf] x'G5, To;sf] cj:yfk|lt jf:tjdf v;
/fhfsf] cg'ej /fd|f] x'g 5f8\of] . ==== t/ hgtfdf cf:yf eg] lyof] .
/fHo / /fhfk|lt cf:yf /fVg] hgtfn] ;Nnfx glbPsf xf]Ogg\ t/ /fHo ;~rfng
gLltaf6 cnu a;]sf /fhfn] cWofTdafx]s c?df Wofg lbPgg\ . t;y{ lxdfn, kxf8
/ t/fO{h:tf ljifd w/ftnLo k|b]zdf km}lnPsf] v; ;fd|fHosf] k|zf;g s]Gb|af6 dfq
;Dej lyPg . kl/0ffdtM /fHosf ljleGg e"efusf] k|zf;g rnfpg :yfgLo ;fdGt /
hghftLo d'lvofnfO{ cleef/f ;'lDkOof] . k/flht /fhf/hf}6fn] klg k/fwLgtf :jLsf/
u/] afkt cfcfkm\gf If]qsf] k|zf;g rnfpg] clwsf/ kfP . log} ef/bf/ / ;fdGt
zf;s zlStzfnL aGb} uP . kl5 pgLx?n] cfcfkm\gf If]qnfO{ :jtGq t'NofP . o:tf]
cj:yfdf /fHo s;/L l6Sg ;S5 . dfgjLo ?kaf6 kl5Nnf v; /fhfx?sf] unt
sfo{ ;fob pk]Iff ljd'vtf xf] . cWofTddf nfu] klg gnfu] klg, pk]Iff ljd'vtf eg]
;d:of g} xf] .
rfx]/ pk]Iff ljd'vtf u/]sf xf]Ogg\ t/ ===== .
slts} 6f9f a:g vf]h] klg /fHo;~rfngsf] bfloTjaf6 d'St ePgg\ . ha;Dd
/fHosf] zf;gdf gfd cfO/xG5 klG5g ldn]g . logLx? ;kmn of c;kmn zf;ssf
?kdf lj|mofzLn /x] . pQ/ ef/tdf d';ndfgL cfj|md0fkl5 Totfaf6 ljleGg /fhk"t
g]kfnlt/ z/0ffyL{ eP/ k;] . logLx?df rGb, ;]g, zfx, zfxL, sNofn, ;dfn cflb
k|d'v lyP . sfnfGt/df logLx?n] g} dNn zf;s sdhf]/ ePsf] df}sf kf/L :yfgLo
dflg;nfO{ prfnL cfkm\gf] :j/fHo :yfkgf u/] .
kGw|f}F÷;f]x|f}F ztfAbLdf d';ndfg zf;sn] s'dfpF / kf}8L–u8\jfn;lxt kxf8L If]qlt/
cfj|md0f ug{ yfn] . To;kl5 To;af6 cfkm\gf] wd{ / ;+:s[lt arfpg xhf/f}Fxhf/
lxGb'wdL{ afx'g, If]qL / v;n] k"j{lt/ a;fO;/fOsf] cleofg ;'¿ u/] .
xf], o;} u/L a;fO;/fOsf] cleofg clxn] ef/tLox?n] g]kfnsf] t/fO{df ul//x]sf 5g\ .
s0ff{nL c~rnsf] v; If]qsf] h'g cj:yf ePsf] lyof] ;f]xL cj:yf g]kfn t/fO{
k|b]zsf] gxf]nf eGg ;lsGg .
o:tf sf/0fn] v; ;fd|fHo 9Ng d2t u¥of] . afx|f}F ztfAbLsf] dWolt/ vf/L k|b]zsf
gfu/fhn] s0ff{nL k|b]zdf ´/]/ ljzfn v; /fHosf] :yfkgf u/] . pgLkl5 pgsf j+zn]
tLg ;o jif{;Dd zf;g ubf{ ;f] /fHosf] lgs} lj:tf/ / pGglt u/] . rf}wf}F ztfAbLsf]
pQ/f4{b]lv v; ;fdGtL ;fd|fHosf] ult /f]lsof] / cfGtl/s ;ª\3if{df clNóf] .
ljz]if u/L pQ/ ef/tdf ePsf] d';ndfgL cfj|md0faf6 aRg ToxfFsf /fhk"t / ltgsf]
g]t[Tjdf ljleGg ;d'bfon] leGg leGg ;dodf o; If]qdf k|j]z u/] . ltgn] /fhfx?
sdhf]/ ePsf] df}sf kf/L v; /fHo 6'j|mfpg] sfd u/] . e'/]6fs'/] /fHo v8f u/] .
kGw|f}F ztfAbLaf6 ;'¿ ePsf] ljv08g !^ cf}F ztfAbLsf] cGt x'Fbf;Dd s0ff{nL If]q afO;]
/ u08sL If]qdf rf}la;] ;;fgf ;fdGtL /fHo/hf}6fdf kl/0ft eP . o;/L afO;] /
rf}la;] /fHo/hf}6fdf kl/0ft ePsf /fHosf ;fdGtL zf;sx? ef/tLo pb\ejs} dflg;
lyP . afO;] /fHodf adf{, /fpnf / 7s'/L tyf rf}la;] /fHodf ;]g, zfx, zfxL, rGb,
;dfn cflbsf 7s'/fO{ v8f eP . oL 7s'/fO{x? uf]vf{nL /fhf /0faxfb'/ zfxn] O:aL
!&**–() df u/]sf] cfj|md0faf6 k/flht eP . afO;]–rf}la;] ;;fgf ;fdGtL /fHox?
cfkm\gf] cl:tTj /Iffy{ k/:k/ n8fOF–le8fO ul//xGy] . o;n] ubf{ logsf] ;ª\Vof 36a9
eO/xGYof] . cfjZos kbf{ l5d]sL /fHox? ldn]/ zq'sf lj¿4 df]rf{ s:y] t/ Tof]
df]rf{ :yfoL x'Fb}gYof] . o;/L oL o'4 ;a}sf nflu ;a}sf lj¿4 x'Gy] . logdf k|l;4
eP d's'Gb ;]g . logn] kfNkfnfO{ /fhwfgL agfO{ Psrf]l6 lgs} 7'nf] e"If]qdf clwsf/
hdfpg ;kmn eP t/ pgsf] z]ifkl5 ;f] /fHo klg 6'lj|mof] . afO;]–rf}la;] /fHodf
hldgsf] :jfldTj v; ;fd|fHodf h:t} /}s/, latf{, u'7L, hflu/ cflb ljleGg ?kdf
lyP . /}s/ hldg /fhfsf] ;f]´} cwLgdf /xGYof] / /fhfnfO{ s/ lt/L ef]urng ug{
kfOGYof] . cfjZos k/] v; /fHodf h:t} oxfFsf /fhfn] klg efOef/bf/, kl08t, ;]js
/ lk|o JolStnfO{ latf{ hUuf lbGy] . latf{sf ?kdf k"/} ufpF klg lbg] rng lyof] .
To:tf] latf{ hUuf h;n] kfpFYof], :jfldTj p;}sf] x'GYof] . latf{ If]qleq a:g] e"bf;x?n]
latf{jfnnfO{ s't ltg'{kYof]{ . To;sf ;fy} a]7a]uf/ klg ltg'{kYof]{ . ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln]
klg hflu/afkt hUuf g} kfpFy] . To:tf] hUuf klg df]xL ls;fgn] g} sdfpFYof] /
sdf]6 u/]afkt sd{rf/LnfO{ s't, l3p, 7]sLnufot ltg'{kYof]{ . o;/L g} d7dlGb/df
k"hfcfhf rnfpg ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L hldg u'7Lsf ?kdf /flvGYof] . To:tf]
hUuf klg df]xL ls;fgn] g} sdf]6 uy]{ . df]xL ls;fgsf] df]xLofgL ;'/lIft lyPg .
s'g} klg avt lgsflng ;Sy] . To;}n] ubf{ pgLx?n] a9L zf]if0f ;xg'kYof]{ . df]xL
ls;fgsf] hLjg cFWof/f]df 8'a]sf] lyof] . rf/}lt/ zf]if0fsf] ljs6 x'ª\sf/sf] uh{gf
lyof] . ;fdGt / gf]s/zfx zf]if0f ug{ tof/ b]vf ky]{ .
af6f], s'nf], k'n, x'nfs cflb h:tf /fhsfh;DaGwL / ;fj{hlgs sfo{sf nflu /}tLn]
ljgfHofnf clgjfo{ ?kdf >dbfg ug'{kYof]{ . o:tf] >dnfO{ ´f/f ltg'{ elgGYof] . >dsf
nflu /}tLn] cfkm\gf] ufpF 5f8]/ #÷$ lbgsf] af6f] 6f9f;Dd hfg'kYof]{ . afO;]–rf}la;]
/fHodf n8fOFú8f eO/xg] x'Fbf ;]gfnfO{ ;3fpg /;bkfgL af]s]/ klg hgtfn] ´f/f
ltg{ hfg'kYof]{ . o;/L ´f/f >ddf hfFbf cfkm"nfO{ rflxg] /;bkfgL, s'6f]sf]bfnf] cfkm}
af]sL hfg'kYof]{ .
afO;]–rf}la;] /fHodf ;fdGtL zf]if0f rsf]{ ePsf sf/0f v]tL jf kz'kfngaf6 vfg
gk'u]/ dflg;x? aflx/ uO{ Hofnfdhb'/L u/L k]6 kfNy] . 7'nfa8fsf v]t of kz'
r/fpg bf; /fVg] rng klg lyof] . afO;]–rf}la;] /fHo eGg] lalQs} klZrd g]kfnsf
;Dk"0f{ e"efu cf]u6]sf] If]q a'‰g ;lsG5 .

;dfnf]rgf
¥ofluªleq ¿dlNnFbf
lbJo lu/L
-dxfnIdL %, l6sfynL, nlntk'/_
g]kfnL efiff, uLt / ;ª\uLtsf If]qdf bflh{lnªn] u/]sf] P]ltxfl;s pGglt, k|ult /
of]ubfg g]kfnL ;flxTosf] Oltxf;df :j0f{ cIf/n] n]lvPsf] 5 . g]kfnaflx/ ljz]if
u/L ef/tsf ljleGg /fHodf /x]sf g]kfnLefifLx? g]kfnL efiff / ;flxTok|lt cfh
klg plQs} ;lj|mo 5g\ . xfjfkfgL / k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tfsf sf/0f kxf8sL /fgL pkdf
kfPsf] bflh{lnªsf] l;dl/ª lrofaf/L, v/;fªdf ;g\ !(*! Dff lktf l6sf/fd nfdf
-df]Stfg_ / dftf ;l/tf nfdf -df]Stfg_ sf 5f]/fsf ?kdf hlGdg'ePsf lgdf df]Stfg
…lgisif{Ú k];fn] sf]nsftf -snsQf_ sf k|x/L ;]jfdf clws[t kbdf sfo{/t x'g'x'G5 .
k|x/L ;]jfh:tf] hf]lvdk"0f{ / cxf]/fq hgtfsf lglDt vl6P/ sfd ug'{kg]{ /fi6«;]jsn]
cfkm\gf] k];fafx]s ;flxTo, snf / ;ª\uLt If]qdf cfk"mnfO{ ;dk{0f ug'{ lgZro klg ufx|f]
5 t/ klg s]xL ;flxlTos efjgf ePsf JolStn] of] r'gf}tLnfO{ l:jsf/]/ hflu/ clg
¿lrsf] If]qnfO{ ;Fu;Fu} nu]sf 5g\ . ltg}dWo]sf Ps ;h{s x'g\ lgdf nfdf …df]StfgÚ .
slj df]Stfgsf] klxnf] k|sflzt sfJo s[lt xf] ¥ofluª . ;g\ @)!* df k|sflzt of]
k':tssf] k|sfzs xf] sf]nsftfl:yt n}gl;+x jfª\b]n ;flxTo–snf k|lti7fg . o;
;ª\u|xdf sljn] tLg bh{g cyf{t\ 5lQ;cf]6f cfw'lgs uB sljtfx? ;dfj]z ug'{ePsf]
5 . o; n]vdf ltg} sljtfsf af/]df kf7sLo ;dLIff ug]{ k|of; u/]sf] 5' .
;ª\u|xleqsf sljtfdf slj df]Stfgn] ;a}eGbf a9L phfu/ u/]sf] ljifo xf], b]zsf]
;fdflhs / /fhgLlts If]q . pxfFsf sljtfdf st} b]zsf] Oltxf; af]n]sf] 5 t st}
k|s[ltk|]dsf efjgfx? pln{/x]sf 5g\ . o;} u/L k];fut ;d:ofsf af/]df c;Gt'li6 klg
5 . sljtfdf st} ;fdflhs ljs[lt, lj;ª\ult / a]lyltk|ltsf] ljb|f]xL :j/ pln{Psf
5g\ t st} st} ;fdflhs Gofo / kl/jt{gsf lglDt ;zSt cfjfh klg a'nGb kfl/Psf
5g\ . sljtfdf slj :jod\n] cfkm\gf] /fi6«k|ltsf] elStefj / k|]defjnfO{ ;/n z}nLdf
cleJoSt ug{'ePsf] 5 . ljz]if u/L /fi6«k|]d, k|s[ltk|]d, dfgjk|]d, hfltk|]d, o'uaf]w /
hLjgbz{g cflb ljifonfO{ ;d]6]/ cfkm\gf] cg'ej / cg'e"ltnfO{ ;/n sfJosf] ?k
lbOPsf] 5 . sljtfx? k9\bf sljn] cfkm\gf] dgsf] efjgf / ljrf/nfO{ ;/n z}nLåf/f
g} :ki6 cleJoSt ug'{ePsf] 5 . o; cy{df sljtfnfO{ kf7sn] cYof{/xg' cfjZos
kb}{g cyf{t\ pxfFsf sljtfsf] efiff / z}nL cToGt ;/n, af]wuDo / ;Dk|]if0fLo 5 .
b]zsf] jt{dfg ;do ´g\ ´g\ hl6n aGb} 5 . b]zdf dfq xf]Og ;+;f/sf w]/} b]zdf
n8fOF, cfj|md0f / wd{o'4 rln/x]sf] 5 . cfkm\gf] :jfy{sf lglDt xltof/ p7fpg]x?n]
csf{sf] dfgjclwsf/dfly 7f8f] x:tIf]k ul//x]sf 5g\ . nfvf}Fnfv gful/s a]3/af/
ePsf 5g\ eg] nfvf}Fnfvs} ;ª\Vofdf lgbf]{if dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfn] d[To'j/0f ug{
afWo x'g'k/]sf] 5 . o:tf] eofjx / sxfnLnfUbf] cj:yfdf Pp6f sljsf] efjgfn]
sljtfsf] ?k lng' :jfefljs xf] . x'gt slj :jfefljs ?kdf ;+j]bzLn / efj's x'G5 .
slj lgdf df]Stfgn] klg slj x'g'sf] wd{ cFufNb} lgbf]{if dflg;sf] kIf lng'ePsf] 5 .
lg:;xfo, ul/a / cGofodf k/]sfx?sf] cfjfhnfO{ sljtfdfk{mt a'nGb kfg'{ePsf] 5 .
sljn] ;fdflhs kl/j]zleq hLjgsf cg]sf}F kf6fnfO{ vf]tn]sf] x'G5, lgofn]sf] x'G5
/ cg'e"t u/]sf] x'G5 . p;n] hLjg / hut\sf cg]s kIf;Fu cfTd;ft\ / ;fIffTsf/
ub}{ cfk"mleqsf] cGt/r]tgfn] To;nfO{ lgofN5, k/v u5{ / clg dfq ltg}nfO{ d'Vo
ljifoj:t' agfP/ sljtfsf] :j?k lbG5 . csf]{ cy{df eGg'kbf{ sljn] ;dfh;fk]If jf
o'u;fk]If lrGtgsf] ulx/fOdf 8'a'NsL df/]/ hLjg / hut\sf] hl6ntfnfO{ s]nfpFb}
To;af6 k|fKt cg'ej / cg'e"ltnfO{ ;zSt 9ª\uaf6 sljtfdf cleJoSt ub{5 . Tof]
g} sljsf] ljlzi6 ;flxlTos k|ltef x'g hfG5 . sfnr]tgf g} sljtfsf] k|d'v ljifo
x'g] ePsf]n] sljdf ljlzi6 k|ltef geO{sg p;sf] sflJos /rgfdf lgvf/ cfpFb}g .
xfd|f] ;dfh w]/} ju{df ljeflht ePsf] 5 . wd{, efiff, e]if, ;+:s[lt, ;+:sf/, /Lltl/jfh,
k/Dk/f / hLjgk4lt cflbn] dflg;sf] hfthflt / ju{nfO{ ljefhg u/]sf] 5 .
slj :jod\ klg ToxL ljeflht ;dfhsf] ;b:o xf] . sljn] ;dfhnfO{ glhsaf6
lgofln/x]sf] x'G5 . ;dfhnfO{ cg'e"t ul//x]sf] x'G5 . jf:tjdf slj ;+j]bgzLn
x'G5 . oxL ;+j]bgzLn JolStr]tgfsf sf/0f p;sf] n]vsLo cg'e"lt ljlzi6 cleJolSt
aG5 . k|foM sljn] cfkm\gf] cg'e"ltnfO{ ;flxTosf ljljw ljwf syf, pkGof;, sljtf,
gf6s, uLt cflbsf ?kdf kf7s;dIf k|:t't u5{g\ .
;f/f+zdf eGg'kbf{ sljsf ljrf/sf] z[ª\vnf g} sljtf xf] . sljn] cfkm" afFr]sf] ;do,
cfk"mn] ef]u]sf] ;dfh / b]zdf 36]sf 36gfaf6 ;[lht cg'ej / cg'e"ltnfO{ cleJoSt
ug{ ;flxTonfO{ dfWod agfPsf] x'G5 . syf, pkGof;, sljtf, gf6s, lgaGw cflb
ljljw ;flxlTos ljifox? n]vg z}nLsf lx;fan] km/s ljwf x'g\ t/ n]vsn] cleJoSt
ug]{ eg]sf] b]z, sfn / ;fdflhs kl/j]z g} xf] . d'VotM sljtfnfO{ sljn] cfkm\gf]
n]vg z}nLåf/f ;'Gb/ ?kdf k|:t't u/]sf] x'G5 . Tof] g} sljtfsf] ljz]iftf klg xf] .
b]zsf] /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs / cfly{s ultljlw Pjd\ kl/j]zx? ;dofg's"n kl/jt{g
eO/x]sf x'G5g\ . sljn] oL ljifonfO{ klg glhsaf6 lgofln/x]sf] x'G5 . To;}n]
jt{dfg cj:yfdf ef]Ug'k/]sf /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs / cfly{s k|;ª\unfO{ klg sljn]
sljtfsf] ljifosf ?kdf rog u5{ .
cr]n w]/}h;f] sljn] sljtfdf w]/} g} laDa / k|tLs k|of]u u5{g\ eg] s]xL slj laDa
/ k|tLsnfO{ eGbf ljrf/nfO{ ;/n z}nLdf n]Vg rfxG5g\ . o;sf] cy{ of] xf]Og ls
laDa / k|tLsljgf sljtf x'Fb}g jf aGb}g . d'Vo s'/f] sljn] ljrf/nfO{ k|:t't ug]{
z}nL dxÎjk"0f{ x'G5 . hl6n laDa / k|tLso'St sljtfeGbf ;/n z}nLdf n]lvPsf]
sljtfdf af]wuDotf / ;Dk|]if0fLotf Hofbf x'G5 . o:tf sljtfx? kf7sdf l56} k|efj
kfg{ ;kmn x'G5g\ .
slj lgdf df]Stfgsf sljtfdf sdeGbf sd laDa / k|tLs k|of]u ePsf] 5 . kmn:j?k
w]/}h;f] sljtf ;/n 5g\, af]wuDo 5g\ / efjk/s klg . w]/}h;f] sljtfdf ;fdflhs
kl/j]z, ;+:sf/ / k/Dk/f cleJoSt ePsf] 5 .
sljtfdf ;xhtf, ;/ntf / ;Dk|]if0fLotf x'g'k5{ . oL tLgcf]6f ljz]if u'0fsf sf/0f
sljtfn] kf7ssf] dgdf k|efj kf5{ . slj lgdfsf sljtfdf oL tLgcf]6} ljz]iftf
kfOG5g\ . ;fwf/0f kf7sn] clws laDa / k|tLs ePsf sljtf a'‰g ;St}g . casf]
;dodf kf7snfO{ sljtfsf] cy{ vf]h]/ 3f]lTn/xg] km';{b 5}g . o;af6 kf7snfO{
pGd'lSt lbPsf 5g\ slj lgdfn] .
hLjg cfk}mdf O{Zj/sf] /rgf cyf{t\ ;'Gb/td\ ;[li6 xf] t/ of] If0feª\u'/ 5 . s'g If0f
hLjgsf] cGTo x'G5, s;}n] eGg ;St}g t/ klg hLjg ;a}sf] Kof/f] x'G5 . dflg;sf]
hLjgdf cg]s ;'vb'Mv, ;ª\3if{ / ;ª\s6x? cfpF5g\ hfG5g\ t/ klg hLjgnfO{
cfkm\g} nodf lxF8fO/xg'k5{ . dflg;sf] hLjg slt v]/ k"mne}Fm ´5{ Tof] s;}n] cg'dfg
nufpg} ;St}g . hlt a]nf h] klg x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5 . slj lgdfn] log} efjgfnfO{
yf]/} zAbdf / cy{k"0f{ jfSosf] ;+of]hg u/]/ ;'Gb/ efjk/s sfJo l;h{gf ug'{ePsf] 5 –
xfF:bf–xfF:b}
v]Nbf–v]Nb}
jfx Û slt ;'Gb/
eGbfeGb}
´l/hfG5
hLjg ´l/hfG5 . -k[i7 M @&_
hLjg 7§f xf]Og t/ hLjgdf 7§f ul/G5, x'G5 / eO/xG5 . dflg;sf] hLjgdf hfgL
ghfgL o:tf cg]s 7§f x'g] u5{ . Tof] 7§f JolSt, 3/, kl/jf/, ;fyLefO, ;dfh
jf b]zn] klg u/]sf] x'G5 . 7§f ug'{ klg Ps k|sf/n] /dfOnf] ug'{ xf] . ;w}F} lrlGtt
/ Jolyt eP/ lhpg'sf] cy{ x'Fb}g . uDeL/tfleq /dfpg' / x/fpg' cs}{ s'/f xf] t/
x/avt uDeL/ eP/ a:g' klg cfk}mn] cfk"m;Fu u/]sf] Ps k|sf/sf] 7§f g} xf] . cyf{t\
sljsf] efiffdf ¥ofluª . cª\u|]hL zAb Rage ;fk6L lnP/ sljn] …¥ofluªÚ zLif{sdf
sljtf n]Vg'ePsf] 5 / k':tssf] gfd klg o;} zAbaf6 /fVg'ePsf] 5 .
afFr'Gh]n hLjgdf ;'vb'Mv, xif{–lj:dft / ldng–lj5f]8sf 36gfx? bf]xl//xG5g\ .
of] ;f+;fl/s /Lt lhpFbf] x'Fbf 3l6/xg] xf] . hLjg 5}g, oL ;a} 36gfx? klg 5}g
t/ x/]s If0f hLjgnfO{ lrGtfdf 8'afpg' dgfl;a / Gofo;ª\ut xf]Og . cfk"m d/]kl5
h] xf]nf xf];\ . To;sf] s] rf;f] < cy{xLg x'g hfG5 Tof] ljifosf] vf]h . rfx] of]
b]z jf ;dfh s'g} ckl7t / ul/as} cfb]zdf kl/rfng xf];\, To;sf] vf;} dxÎj
x'Fb}g dl/hfg]nfO{ . g]kfnL pvfg 5– cfk"m d/] 8'd} /fhf cyf{t\ cfk"m d/]kl5 b]zdf
hf];'s}n] zf;g rnfcf];\ To;sf] s] cy{ . cfk}m gePkl5 h] t xf];\ eGg] efj JoSt
ul/Psf] oxL pvfgnfO{ slj lgdfn] klg cfTd;ft\ ub}{ ;a}nfO{ lrGtfaf6 x6]/ hLjgdf
Vofn7§f u/f}F eGg'x'G5 –
lsg ;]G6L x'g'ePsf] <
¥ofluª u/f}F
cfpg'xf];\
Ps d'6\7L k|f0f t xf]
d/]kl5 8'd} /fhf Û -k[i7 M #!_
hlt hlt ztfAbLx? laTb} uPsf 5g\ xfdL afFr]sf] o'u Tolt Tolt hl6n, eou|:t,
;ª\s6u|:t / o'4do aGb} 5 . wd{sf gfddf / wd{/fHo v8f ug]{ p2]Zon] dflg;n]
dflg;dfly ug]{ cfj|md0f, xTof / lx+;fn] ce}m kfiff0f o'unfO{ ;D´fO/xsf] 5 . of] ;+;f/
dflg;s} a:tL xf] t/ oxfF ce}m nfvf}Fnfv dflg; b]z / klxrfgljxLg cj:yfdf afFRg
afWo 5g\ . sf]xL cfkm\g} b]zdf z/0ffyL{h:t} afFr]sf 5g\ eg] sf]xL csf{sf] b]zdf .
dflg;x? b]z / klxrfgs} lglDt ;ª\3if{/t /xFbf sltn] t hLjg g} u'dfpg'k/]sf]
5 . ;+;f/sf] x/]s s'gfdf afFRg'sf] sl7gfO / lhhLljiff;Fu lg/Gt/ h'lw/x]sf 5g\
dflg;x? . slj lgdf o; o'usf] oxL oyfy{sf] lrq0f ub}{ sfJofTds cleJolSt
o;/L k|:t't ug'{x'G5 M
l;ls:t 3fOt] kl/j]zleq x's{+b} 5 o'u
km'Nb}, kmNb}, ´b}{ k]ml/ km'Nb} 5
a/sf] 7'nf] ¿vh:t} o'u .
d klxrfgkq u'dfP/
cfk}mnfO{ vf]h]e}mF afFlr/x]sf] 5' .
xfdL hDg ;s]sf 5}gf}F
o'ul;t xfdL ´Fflug ;s]sf 5}gf}F . -k[i7 M $)_
of] ;+;f/df hlt dflg; 5g\ ;a} ;'vL / wgL 5}gg\ . 3/af/ljxLg, b'MvL / ul/asf]
;ª\Vof clws 5 . c?sf] bofdfofdf afFRg'kg]{ c;xfo klg 5g\ . c?n] bof u/]/
lbPsf] nQfsk8f / s]xL vfg]s'/fsf e/df afFRg] levf/L ;8ssf] k]6L, bf]af6f], rf}af6f]
/ dlGb/jl/kl/ a;]/ lev dflu/x]sf 5g\ . lj8Dagf of] 5 ls tL levf/L slxNo}
dlGb/leqsf] O{Zj/sf] cl3lNt/ pleP/ gd:sf/ ub}{gg\ / O{Zj/;Fu s]xL dfUb}gg\ .
p;nfO{ yfxf 5 ls olb O{Zj/n] p;nfO{ s]xL s'/f lbPsf] eP pm levf/L aGg'
kb}{gYof] . a¿ pm ltgLx?sf] cufl8 xft hf]8\b} / k}mnfpFb} k'sf/ u5{g\ hf] O{Zj/sf]
bz{g ug{ / j/bfg dfUg dlGb/ cfpF5g\ . o:tf] ljlrqsf] oyfy{nfO{ sljn] ;/n /
dfld{s zAbnfO{ …levf/LÚdf JoSt ug'{ePsf] 5 M
dlGb/df ;';lHht O{Zj/sf] d"lt{nfO{
l;F9Ldf ;'lt/x]sf] levf/Ln]
slxNo} gd:sf/ ub}{g
p;sf] gd:sf/,
dlGb/sf xhf/f}F cfl:tsx?nfO{ x'G5 .
O{Zj/n] p;nfO{ s]xL lbPsf] klg 5}g
Zffob o;}n] xf]nf, gd:sf/ ub}{g . -k[i7 M $#_
kxf8sL /fgL pkdf kfPsf] bflh{lnª k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tf / 7G8f xfjfkfgLsf lglDt
dfq xf]Og ToxfFsf] 6fOu/lxnaf6 b]lvg] ;"of]{boeGbf klxn]sf] cnf}lss b[Zosf lglDt
klg k|Voft 5 . laxfgsf] ;"of]{bosf] b[Zo x]g{ xhf/f}F dflg; l´;ld;] pHofnf]eGbf
klxNo} 6fOu/lxn k'U5g\ . slj lgdf klg bflh{lnªk|lt cfzSt 5g\ . bflh{lnªk|ltsf]
df]x, k|]d / ;b\efjnfO{ JoSt ug]{ pxfF bflh{lnªnfO{ 5f8L cGoq a:g'kbf{sf] kL8fnfO{
o;/L JoSt ug'{x'G5 M

bflh{lnª ltdL slt ;'Gb/L
nfvf}F g]qx? ltd|f] ;'Gb/tf x]5{g\
ltd|f] sfvdf n'6\k'l6G5g\
sltn] cfkm\gL cfdfsf] dft[jfT;Nosf]
cfef; kfpF5 eg],
sltn] k|]o;Lsf] sf]dn :kz{sf] cfefif kfpF5
d]/L bflh{lnªnfO{ r'D5' xhf/f}Fk6s
clg cfTdljef]/ x'G5' . -k[i7 M $^_
xfd|f] b]z cyf{t\ g]kfndf /fhgLlts kl/jt{gkZrft\ hftLotfsf k|Zgx? w]/} p7]sf
5g\ . o;/L g]kfnLsf] ;lbcf}Fb]lvsf] Pstfdf ljrng Nofpg] / vnn kfg]{ tTTjx?
lg/Gt/ ;lj|mo 5g\ . lglxt :jfy{ k"/f ug{ ;dfhdf wd{ / hftLotfsf] ljif /f]k]/
g]kfnL g]kfnLlar j}dg:o / dgd'6fj u/fO{ Psn] csf{k|lt gsf/fTds efj k|s6
u/fpg] b'i6x? w]/} 5g\ . k/fO{ :jfy{ xfjL eP/ jt{dfg cj:yfdf g]kfnLn] g]kfnLs}
lj/f]w ub}{ lxF8]sf 5g\ . of] oyfy{ Psflt/ 5 eg] csf{lt/ g]kfnLsf] wd{, efiff, e]if,
;+:s[lt, k/Dk/f clg d"No / dfGotfaf6 ljrlnt agfO{ Ifl0fs nf]e / cfly{s nfe
b]vfP/ g]kfnLnfO{ cfkm\gf] d'7Ldf kg]{ if8\oGq eO/x]sf] 5 . log} oyfy{nfO{ st} xfdLn]
pN6f] /fdfo0f kl9/x]sf t 5}gf}F eGg] k|Zg slj ug'{x'G5 M
hfltPtfsf] cu]gf]leq
Pstfsf] e'Fu|f]n]
/utsf] cfF;' pdfn]/
ltvf{ d]6fpg] /fIf;L jL/x?sf] pS;fOn]
pN6f] /fdfo0f kl9/x]sf t 5}gf}F <
cfkm\g} cfFugdf
k/fO{ kmfobfx?sf lglDt
cfkm\g} ckgTjsf] a6jf/f ul//x]sf t 5}gf}F < -k[i7 M &@_
dflg;nfO{ ;a}eGbf Kof/f] / dxÎjk"0f{ x'G5 p;sf] klxrfg / :jtGqtf . klxrfgs}
lglDt n8fOF ul//x]sf] bflh{lnª lg/Gt/ o'4/t 5 . klxrfg / :jtGqtf k|flKtkl5 dfq
c? s'/fnfO{ cl3 a9fpg ;lsG5 . s'l07t dgf]efjgf lnP/ afFRg'kbf{sf] b'Mv, si6
/ c;xh jftfj/0f s:tf] x'G5 eGg] Tof] kxf8 cyf{t\ bflh{lnªnfO{ yfxf 5 . 3fp
nfu]sf]nfO{ hlt kL8f dx;'; x'G5 Tof] b]Vg]nfO{ yfxf x'Fb}g . klxrfg / :jtGqtfsf
lglDt uLt / sljtfdfk{mt cfjfh p7fpg] slj cudl;+x lu/L;Fu ;+jfb ug{ k'U5g\
slj lgdf . pgn] eg]sf s'/fdf ljZjf; ub}{gg\ / km6fxfsf] cf/f]k nufpF5g\ sljnfO{ .
slj :ki6Ls/0f lbG5g\ M
x] sljHo"= =
xfd|f] bf;Tjsf sxfgLx? tkfO{+nfO{+
5ftL vf]n]/ ;'gfpg sxfF ;Sy]+ / Û
xfd|f] sfokgsf syfx? tkfO{+nfO{+
j[tfGt atfpg sxfF ;Sy]+ /== Û -k[i7 M &&_
of] b]zsf] lgdf{0f, b]zsf] :jfledfg / ;fj{ef}ldstfdf s'g} k|sf/sf] cfFr cfpg glbO{
zq';Fu jL/tfk"j{s n8]sf xfd|f k'vf{sf] jL/tf ;+;f/e/ k|Voft 5 . ToxL Oltxf;n]
xfd|f] b]znfO{ ljZjsf ;fd' kl/lrt u/fPsf] 5 . jL/sf] b]z eg]/ sxlnPsf] 5 .
ltg} jL/ k'vf{sf ;Gtfg xfdL olt a]nf cfkm\g} b]zsf] ;Ldf;Dd ;'/lIft /fVg g;s]/
sf]sf]xf]nf] dRrfO/x]sf 5f}F . cfh xfdL h'g w/ftndf plePsf 5f}F Tof] ;a}df k'vf{sf]
/ut / kl;gf au]sf] 5 . Oltxf;df k'vf{sf] jL/tfsf] cd/ ufyf / axfb'/Lsf] syf
5 t/ xfdL slxn];Dd k'vf{sf] ToxL jL/tfnfO{ ;fIfL /fv]/ al;/xg] < s] xfd|f] Odfg
s]jn k'vf{sf] axfb'/Ldf dfq} e'mlG8Psf] 5 < d'Vo k|Zg oxL 5 . ca xfdLn] klg jL/tf
b]vfpg h¿/L 5 . k'vf{sf] jL/tfnfO{ bfk agfP/ gofF v's'/LnfO{ ToxL bfkleq /fv]/
lxF8\b}df xfdLn] cfk"mnfO{ axfb'/ ;flat ug{ ;St}gf}F . Oltxf;n] xfdLnfO{ lwSsf5{ .
b]zsf] cl:tTTj/Iff ug{ g;Sg] xfdL jL/sf ;Gtfgaf6 ´/]/ sfo/ aGg] 5f}F . sljs}
zAbdf sfo/tf xfd|f] Oltxf; / ljut b'j} x'Fb} xf]Og M
afh]n] sdfPsf] jL/tfsf] rf/f] vfP/
clS;hg lnFb} lyof] lxhf];Dd t .
ltdLn] nufPsf] Tof] Odfgsf] sf]6
ltd|f] afh]sf] xf],
ltd|f] vf]O{= = <
k'/fgf] Oltxf; kN6fP/
k'/fgf] v's'/LnfO{ gofF bfkdf
l;pl/g] ltdL dxfd"v{ xf} . -k[i7 M *%_
hLjgdf dfoflk/tLsf] ljlzi6 cl:tTTj 5 . of] ;+;f/ g} dfofdf]xsf] hfndf clN´Psf]
5 . olb ToxL dfof cfk"maf6 6f9f eOlbof] eg] hf]sf]xLsf] dg l5ofl5of x'G5,
ljXjn aG5 / lg/fz x'G5 . dfofsf] lj5f]8df t8\lkPsf] dgnfO{ zfGTjgf lbg] sfd
u5{ dfofn'sf] k|]dkqn] . 6f9f ePsf] dfofnfO{ k|]dkq k7fpg' / kfpg' b'j} ld7f] ;+of]u
x'G5 . Psflt/ k|]dkq k9]/ v';L x'Fb} xfF:g]x? 5g\ eg] csf{lt/ k]|dkqn] ¿jfpg]x?
klg 5g\ .
k|]dkq ;a}eGbf lk|o / pT;'stfk"0f{ x'G5 . k|]dLk|]ldsf Pscsf{;Fu cnu a;]sf a]nf
k|]dkqsf] k|tLIffdf x'Fbf sNkgfsf] cfsfzdf /dfO/x]sf sljsf] cg'ej o:tf] 5 M
d d'xfgdf y'gf k/]sf] 5'
o;} /, d cfpg ;lStgF lk|o]
d lrxfgdf af6f] vf]Hb} 5'
db]lv k/ v8f ul/Psf
ufGwL / a'4sf d"lt{x?h:t}
ltd|f] k|]dkq klv{/x]sf] 5' . -k[i7 M (!_
o;/L slj lgdfn] klxnf] sfJos[ltleq ;dfj]z ug'{ePsf sljtfx? ;/n / af]wuDo
5g\ . o; b[li6af6 s[lt ;kmn, ;/; / ;'Gb/ efjo'St 5 . b]z, hLjg, ;dfh, ;do
/ kl/j]zhGo efjgfnfO{ sljtfsf dfWodaf6 cleJoSt ul/Psf] 5 . sfJo l;h{gfsf]
pxfFsf] k|of; / Ifdtf kf7s;fd' k|:t't ug{ k':ts ;fIfLsf ?kdf plePsf] 5 .
snfhut\
nIo
/fh]z dfgGw/

;dfrf/
cfVofg jfrg
sf7df8f}F . ;'/le ;flxTo k|lti7fgsf cWoIf afh'/fd kf}8]nsf] ;efkltTj, ;flxTosf/
ufoqL rfkfufO{+sf] k|d'v cfltYo, 8f= ljb'/ rfln;] / uf]ljGb l3ld/] j]bdl0fsf] ljlzi6
cfltYo, sf]iffWoIf /fds'df/ kl08tsf] ;~rfngdf ;DkGg !@^ cf}F cfVofg jfrg
sfo{j|mddf uª\uf kf}8]n, /fhafa' >]i7 ;fu/, 8f= ljb'/ rfln;], ;'zLn cfrfo{, ufoqL
rfkfufO{+, gf/fo0f g]kfn, pld{nf kGt kf08]o, k/z'/fd k/fz/, zflGt l/;fn, :dfl/sf
zdf{, ;ª\uLtf bfxfn / /fds'df/ kl08t, tf/f s]=;L=, /Gh' vgfn, /Ghgf k/fh'nL,
kjgs'df/ a'9fyf]sLaf6 jflrt /rgfpk/ pkfWoIf k/z'/fd k/fz/n] ;dLIff u/] .
cflbslj efg'eSt cfrfo{sf] @)* cf}F hGdhoGtL
sf7df8f}F . cflbslj efg'eSt cfrfo{sf] @)* cf}F hGdhoGtLsf cj;/df g]kfn k|1f–
k|lti7fgåf/f …cflbsljsf] JolStTj / s[ltTj ljifos k|jrg tyf /rgfjfrg sfo{j|mdÚ
cfof]hgf ul/of] . k|ToIf / er'{cn dfWodaf6 cfof]lht sfo{j|mdsf] dfggLo s'nklt
uª\ufk|;fb pk|]tLn] kfg;df bLk k|Hjng u/L ;d'b\3f6g ug'{ePsf] lyof] . To;clu
k|1f ejgsf] klZrdkl§ /x]sf] au}Frfdf cjl:yt cflbslj efg'eSt cfrfo{sf] k|ltdfdf
dfNofk{0f u/L cflbsljk|lt >4f–;Ddfg ck{0f ul/Psf] lyof] . dfggLo s'nklt
uª\ufk|;fb pk|]tL, dfggLo pks'nklt 8f= hudfg u'¿ª, ;b:o;lrj k|f= hut\k|;fb
pkfWofon] cflbsljsf] k|ltdfdf dfNofk{0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pSt cj;/df k|f1 kl/ifb\
;b:ox? k|f= lbg]z/fh kGt, k|f=8f= of]u]Gb|k|;fb ofbj, k|f=8f= x]dgfy kf}8]n, k|f=8f=
piff 7fs'/, dfof 7s'/L, k|f=8f= uf]kLGb| kf}8]n, nIdL dfnLn] cflbsljsf] k|ltdfdf
k'iku'R5f ck{0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{j|mddf af]Nb} ;df/f]xsf ;efWoIf s'nklt pk|]tLn] g]kfnL efiff, ;flxTo / ;+:s[ltsf
gfos cflbslj efg'eSt cfrfo{sf] hGdohGtLsf] of] lbg g]kfnL jfª\do If]qsf lrGts
/ ;|i6fsf nflu dxÎjk"0f{ /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] g]kfnL efiff, ;flxTo / ;+:s[ltsf]
klxrfgsf nflu k[i7e"ld tof/ kfg{] sfd efg'eStn] u/]sfn] pxfFsf] of]ubfg ljlzi6
/x]sf] pNn]v ug'{eof] . pxfFn] eGg'eof]– …efg'hoGtLsf cj;/df ljleGg d'n'sdf /x]sf
cleoGtfnfO{ e]nf u/]/ /fli6«o ;Dd]ng ug{] ;f]r sf]le8sf sf/0f ;kmn x'g ;s]g t/
efg's} ;D´gfdf ut jif{b]lv …k|1f efg' cGt/b]zLo g]kfnL ;flxTo k'/:sf/Ú :yfkgf
ul/Psf] 5 . o;af6 g]kfnaflx/ /x]/ g]kfnL efiff, ;flxTo tyf ;+:s[ltsf If]qdf
;fwgf/t ;|i6fx?sf] of]ubfgsf] sb/ x'g] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' .Ú
pks'nklt 8f= hudfg u'¿ªn] g]kfnL hfltnfO{ Pstfsf] ;"qdf afFWg] sfd cflbslj
efg'eStn] u/]sf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] eGg'eof]– …efg'eStn] /fdfo0f /rgf gu/] klg
g]kfnL efiffdf efjfg'jfb u/]/ g]kfnL ufpF3/, vf]nfgfnf, rf}tf/L, eGHofªdf efg'eStLo
/fdfo0fsf Znf]s u'gu'gfpFb} lxF8\g] jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf ug'{eof] . ljZjdf hxfF hxfF
g]kfnL 5g\ ToxfF ToxfF cflbslj efg'eStsf] Znf]s u'lGhG5 . g]kfnL efiff, wd{, ;+:s[lt
/ rngrNtLsf af/]df 5nkmn ug{] kj{sf ?kdf klg efg'hoGtLnfO{ lng ;lsG5 .Ú
;b:o;lrj k|f= hut\k|;fb pkfWofo …k|]lIftÚn] g]kfn b]zsf] ef}uf]lns PsLs/0f ug{]
k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxh:t} g]kfnL efiffnfO{ PsLs[t ug{] sfd efg'eStn] u/]sfn] pxfFnfO{
g]kfnL hfltsf] PsLs/0fsf gfos dfGg'kg{] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] eGg'eof]– …x'gt !$
cf}F÷!% cf}F ztfAbLdf klg slj / ltgsf sljtfx? ;zSt gePsf xf]Ogg\ . sljtfsf]
Oltxf; cWoogdf ToxfF;Dd k'Ug ;Sg'k5{ t/ ;dfnf]rsn] lg¿k0f u/]cg';f/ snf,
ljrf/, ;Gb]z / af]wuDotfsf b[li6n] efg'eStn] hlQsf] dxfsfJo:t/sf] ;zSt /rgf
c?n] ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . ToxL sljTjk"0f{ /rgf efg'eStaf6} k|f/De ePsfn] pxfFnfO{
cflbslj dfGg'k5{ eGg] lgisif{sf ;fy cflbslj dflgFb} cfOPsf] xf] .Ú pkfWofon]
efg'sf /rgf g]kfnLsf] dg–dd{nfO{ a'‰g], /fi6«k|]d, eft[Tjk|]d, ;+:s[ltk|]d / ;fdflhs
hghLjg;Fu d]n vfg] vfnsf] /x]sf] ljrf/ JoSt ug'{eof] . pxfFn] jfNdLlssf]
b]zelStsf] efjgfnfO{ efg'eStn] /fdfo0fsf dfWodaf6 g]kfnLsf] dg dgdf k'¥ofpg]
sfd u/]sf] pNn]v ub}{ efg'eStdf ljZjr]tgf hfu[t ePsfn] g} ljZj:t/sf] sljtf
/rgf ug{ ;Ifd ePsf] atfpg'eof] .
;flxTo -kB÷sfJo_ ljefu k|d'v k|f=8f= x]dgfy kf}8]nn] …cflbsljsf] JolStTj / s[ltTjÚ
ljifodf af]Nb} eGg'eof]– …lj=;+= !*&! c;f/ @( ut] cfOtaf/ tgx'F lhNnfsf] r'FbL/D3fdf
hlGdg'ePsf cflbslj efg'eStn] g]kfnL efiff, ;flxTo / ;+:s[ltsf] Pstfdf 7'nf]
of]ubfg ug'{ePsf] 5 . cWofTd /fdfo0faf6 g]kfnLdf cg'jflbt /fdfo0f pxfFsf] dxÎjk"0f{
/ rlr{t s[lt xf] .Ú k|f=8f= kf}8]nn] eGg'eof]– …x'gt efg'eStcl3 klg slj gePsf
xf]Ogg\ . ;'jfgGbbf;af6 g]kfnL sljtfsf] k|f/De ePsf] dflgG5 . sltko sljn] lxGbL
/ tT;d zAbnfO{ a9L k|of]u u/]sf] kl/l:yltdf efg'eStn] g]kfnL efiffleq}af6 sljtfsf]
l;h{gf u/]s}n] cflbsljsf] ?kdf k|l;l4 kfPsf x'g\ . efg'n] g]kfnL efiffnfO{ ;d[4
agfP/ hglha|f]df k'¥ofpg] sfd ug'{ePsf] 5 .Ú
o;kfln efg'hoGtL ;df/f]x km/s ?kdf cfof]hgf ul/of] . sf]/f]gf efO/; -sf]le8–!(_
sf sf/0f er'{cn dfWodaf6 ;ft} k|b]z / ljb]zdf /x]sf ;flxTog'/fuLlar sfo{j|md
k'¥ofOof] . cflbslj efg'sf] ;D´gfdf k|1f–k|lti7fg, ;flxTo -nf]sjftf{ / afn;flxTo_
ljefu k|d'v 8f= b]jL g]kfn;lxt cd]l/sfaf6 ;¿ u'/fufO{+, DofGdf/af6 x'tf;g kfv/]n,
ef/tsf] l;lSsdaf6 cleif]s sf]O/fnfn] efg'eStLo /rgfjfrg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . o:t}
k|b]z ! af6 bLkf e§/fO{, k|b]z @ af6 ;¿ a:g]t, afUdtL k|b]zaf6 nf]rg e§/fO{,
u08sL k|b]zaf6 lzj lqkf7L, n'lDagL k|b]zaf6 6ª\s kGy, s0ffnL k|b]zaf6 l;h{gf
zdf{ / ;'b"/klZrdaf6 slj/fh e§n] efg'eStLo /rgfjfrg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
pSt ;df/f]xdf s'nklt pk|]tL, pks'nklt 8f= u'¿ª / ;b:o;lrj k|f= pkfWofon] k|1f–
k|lti7fgdf @% jif{ ;]jf cjlw k"/f u/]sf kGw| hgf sd{rf/LnfO{ k|1f bL3{ ;]jf kbs
tyf k|df0fkq k|bfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . k|1f bL3{ ;]jf kbs k|fKt ug]{ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{
c;f/ ( ut] cfof]lht /fli6«o sljtf dxf]T;j ;df/f]xdf hgxL gub lt; xhf/ k'/:sf/
k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . k'/:s[t x'g] sd{rf/Ldf /fh]Gb|s'df/L zfxL 7s'/L, pQd/fh
pkfWofo, /fhs'df/ >]i7, lzjs'df/ rfkfufO{+, ljhodfgl;+x k|wfg, s0f{axfb'/ s'dfn,
a'l4 ltdlN;gf, /fwf sfsL{, k"0f{axfb'/ >]i7, /fds'df/ af]xf]/f, gfg' ;'j]bL, eufgL
nfld5fg], d}of dxh{g, gf/fo0fk|;fb clwsf/L / hd'gf s'lrsf/ /xg'ePsf] 5 . ;f]
cj;/df s'nklt pk|]tL / pks'nklt 8f= u'¿ªn] g]kfn k|1f–k|lti7fgsf] Oltxf;df
klxnf]k6s :yflkt krf; xhf/ /flz;lxtsf] …g]kfn k|1f–k|lti7fg pTs[i6 sd{rf/L
k'/:sf/Ú 5fkfvfgf zfvfdf sfo{/t sd{rf/L z]if/fh b]jsf]6fnfO{ k|bfg ug'e{ Psf] lyof] .
sfo{jm| dsf] ;~rfng k|f1;ef ;b:o tyf ;~rf/ ;+of]hs zzL n'dD' a"n] ug'e{ Psf] lyof] .
k|:t'lt M zzL n'd'Da"
lrqsf/ k|f1 pQd g]kfnLsf] lgwg
sf7df8f}F . dftf /Tgb]jL / lktf lji0f'k|;fb sdf{rfo{sf] ;'k'qsf ?kdf lj=;+= !(($
j}zfv !* ut] sf7df8f}F, lsnfundf hlGdPsf pQdk|;fb sdf{rfo{sf] lgwg *$ jif{sf]
pd]/df @)&* ;fpg ^ ut] eof] . pgsf lagf zLif{ssf] -sljtf;ª\u|x @)^!_ k|sflzt
5 . g]kfn, ef/t, aª\unfb]z, ;f]leot ;ª\3, hfkfg, sf]l/of, c:6«]lnofdf s}of}Fk6s
snf k|bz{gL u/]sf pgsf snfs[lt ;+o'St /fi6« ;ª\3df ;d]t /flvPsf] 5 . pgn]
/fli6«o k|ltef k'/:sf/ -@)%$_ kfpg'sf ;fy} O=;+= !(&$ df ePsf] gfkmfdf k|yd /
!(^^ df låtLo k'/:sf/sf ;fy} /fli6«o snf k|bz{gLdf k'/:s[t ePsf 5g\ .
;+;fs ;Ddfg @)&* 3f]if0ff
sf7df8f}F . ;+;fs dfl;sn] x/]s jif{ k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] ljleGg ljwfsf ;flxlTos
;Ddfg jif{ @)&* sf nflu ;+;fs ofqL lgofqf ;Ddfg /~h'>L k/fh'nL -sf7df8f}F_
nfO{, ;+;fs cgfdl0f ;dLIff ;Ddfg c¿0faxfb'/ vqL …gbLÚ -sf7df8f}F_ nfO{, ;+;fs
eb|sd' f/L s]=;L= d'Sts÷xfOs' ;Ddfg cldt l3ld/] -l;Gw'kfNrf]s_ nfO{, ;+;fs t]h÷zf]ef
sfJo ;Ddfg /]0f' yfkf df}gtf -sf7df8f}F_ nfO{, ;+;fs s0f{ zLt ;Ddfg b]j]Gb|/fh
zfSo -a'6jn_ nfO{ / ;+;fs uf]kfn/fh÷d}ofb]jL kf08] ;flxTo ;Ddfg d]g'sf rfkfufO{+
-df]/ª_ nfO{ k|bfg ug]{ 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . cg];f;sf lgjt{dfg cWoIf tyf ;flxTosf/
/fw]Zofd n]sfnLsf] ;+of]hsTj / d'Stssf/ h;Wjh u'¿ª / pkk|fWofks cg'kdf
/]UdLsf] ;b:otfdf ul7t tLg ;b:oLo ;|i6f 5gf]6 ;ldltn] ;Ddflgt ;|i6fx? rog
u/]sf] xf] .
k|:t'lt M c¿0faxfb'/ vqL …gbLÚ
…dgsf] ls/0fÚ nf]sfk{0f tyf kl/rrf{
sf7df8f}F . slj dx]z/fh v/]nåf/f /lrt …dgsf] ls/0fÚ sljtf;ª\u|xsf] nf]sfk{0f
tyf kl/rrf{ sfo{j|md er{'cn -h'd_ dfWodaf6 ;DkGg ul/of] . ;flxTo ;'wf g]kfnsf]
cfof]hgf, cWoIf sNkgf sfkm\n]sf] cWoIftf, g]k|k|sf dfggLo s'nklt uª\ufk|;fb
pk|]tLsf] k|d'v cfltYo, k|f1 k|f=8f= x]dgfy kf}8]n, k|f=8f= uf]ljGb/fh e§/fO{sf] ljlzi6
cfltYo, k|f1 8f= b]jL g]kfn, k|f1 8f= uLtf lqkf7L, jl/i7 ;flxTosf/ snflglw bfxfn,
zAb ;+of]hg ;flxlTos dfl;ssf k|wfg ;Dkfbs /d]z kf]v/n, gd'gf k|sfzg tyf
cg';Gwfg s]Gb|sL sf}zNof l/;fn, ;flxTo ;'wf g]kfnsL kl/sNkgfsf/ dlgiff k|;fO{+,
g]kfn /fi6« a}ª\ssf k"j{ 8]k'6L ueg{/ tyf ;flxTosf/ lrGtfdl0f l;jfsf]6L, cu|h
JolStTjx? sdn v/]n, /fd]Zj/ cof{nsf] cfltYo, pkfWoIf u0f]z l3ld/] …dfld{sÚsf]
:jfut dGtJo / OlGb/f bfxfnsf] ;~rfngdf slj dx]z/fh v/]nsf sljtfx?sf]
;ª\u|x dgsf] ls/0fsf] nf]sfk{0f tyf kl/rrf{ ;DkGg eof] .
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