Magnetism - 2

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 Magnetic Field
Magnetic Field by current carrying Coil

• Magnetic field direction will I

be now given by THUMB

• Put your fingers in the direction

of current and your thumb
will give you the direction of current Magnetic field (B) inside
the page (x)
 Magnetism
Magnetic Field by current carrying Coil

𝛍𝟎 𝐈
𝐁=
𝟐𝐫
I

𝛍𝟎 𝐈𝛂
General Case: 𝐁=
𝟒π𝐫
α
Where, 𝛂 = angle in radians
 Magnetic Field
Magnetic Field by current carrying Coil
𝛍𝟎 𝐈𝛂
General Case: 𝐁=
𝟒π𝐫

𝛍𝟎 𝐈
1. For complete coil, 𝛂 = 𝟐𝛑 ⇒ 𝐁 =
𝟐𝐫
𝛍𝟎 𝐈
2. For half coil, 𝛂 = 𝛑⇒𝐁= 𝟒𝐫
𝛑 𝛍𝟎 𝐈
3. For One-Fourth coil, 𝛂 = ⇒𝐁=
𝟐 𝟖𝐫
 Magnetic Field
Magnetic Field by current carrying Coil
Example: An infinitely long wire is bent as shown in the
figure. Find magnetic field at point origin O

I I
∞ O ∞
r
 Magnetic Field
Magnetic Field by current carrying Coil

Solution: Magnetic field from the

wires will be zero as the point O
I
is on the axis of current
I I
∞ O ∞
r

• Magnetic field will only be due to

the bent (coil) part
 Magnetic Field
Magnetic Field by current carrying Coil

Solution:

• Magnetic field will only be due to I

the bent (coil) part
I I
∞ O ∞
r
𝛍𝟎 𝐈
• 𝐁= (x)
𝟒𝐫

• Direction (x) inside the plane

 Magnetic Field
Magnetic Field by current carrying Coil
Practice Question 1: An infinitely long wire is bent as
shown in the figure. Find magnetic field at point origin
‘O’
I

I
O ∞
r r
I
Answer: 𝐁 = (x)
𝛍𝟎 𝐈 𝛍𝟎 𝐈
+
𝟒𝝅𝐫 𝟒𝐫
∞
 Magnetic Field
Magnetic Field by current carrying Coil
Practice Question 2: An infinitely long wire is bent as
shown in the figure. Find magnetic field at point origin
‘O’
I

O
r r
I I
Answer: 𝐁 = (x)
𝛍𝟎 𝐈 𝛍𝟎 𝐈 𝛍𝟎 𝐈
+ +
𝟒𝝅𝐫 𝟒𝐫 𝟒𝝅𝐫
∞ ∞
 Magnetic Field
Magnetic Field by current carrying Coil
Practice Question 3: An infinitely long wire is bent as
shown in the figure. Find magnetic field at point origin
‘O’ ∞

I
I

O
r r
I
Answer: 𝐁 = (x)
𝛍𝟎 𝐈
𝟒𝐫
∞
 Magnetic Field
Magnetic Field by current carrying Coil
Practice Question 4: An infinitely long wire is bent as
shown in the figure. Find magnetic field at point origin
‘O’ ∞
∞

I
I I

O
r r

Answer: 𝐁 =
𝛍𝟎 𝐈 𝛍𝟎 𝐈 𝛍𝟎 𝐈
− −
𝟒𝐫 𝟒𝝅𝐫 𝟒𝝅𝐫
 Magnetic Field
Magnetic Field by current carrying Coil
Practice Question 5: An infinitely long wire is bent as
shown in the figure. Find magnetic field at point origin
‘O’
I
I ∞

I
∞ O
r

Answer: 𝐁 =
𝛍𝟎 𝐈 𝛍𝟎 𝐈
+ (𝐱)
𝟖𝐫 𝟒𝝅𝐫
 Magnetic Field
Magnetic Field due to Solenoid

• A solenoid is a type of electromagnet whose

purpose is to generate a
controlled magnetic field
 Magnetic Field
Magnetic Field due to Solenoid

• For infinite solenoid

𝐁 = 𝐧𝛍𝐨𝐈

Where, n = turns/length

• For semi-infinite solenoid

𝐧𝛍𝐨𝐈
𝐁=
𝟐
 Magnetic Force
• Wire of length ‘L’ kept in
a magnetic field ‘B’ θ
B
I
• Magnetic Force

𝑭 = 𝑰 𝑳 𝒙 𝑩 = 𝑰𝑳𝑩𝒔𝒊𝒏θ

Case 1: When θ = 0o then, F = 0

Case 2: When θ = 90o then, F = ILB

 Magnetic Force
Example: Two wires one of infinite length having
current I1 and another finite length L having current
I2 are kept at separation ‘a’, find force exerted by
wire of length L. L

I2

∞ ∞
I1
 Magnetic Force
Solution: 𝑭 = 𝑰 𝑳 𝒙 𝑩 = 𝑰𝑳𝑩𝒔𝒊𝒏θ

Force on wire of length ‘L’, 𝑭 = 𝑰𝟐𝑳𝑩𝟏𝒔𝒊𝒏90o

I2

∞ ∞
I1
 Magnetic Force
Field on I2 wire be due to I1 wire which is same
throughout as the wire carrying I1 is of infinite length

μ𝒐𝑰𝟐𝑰𝟏𝑳
Force on wire of length ‘L’, 𝑭=
𝟐π𝒂
L

I2

∞ ∞
I1
 Magnetic Force
Example: When both are of infinite length

μ𝒐𝑰𝟐𝑰𝟏
Then, Force per unit length, 𝑭 =
𝟐π𝒂

∞ ∞
I2

∞ ∞
I1
 Magnetic Force
Charge Particle moving in a Magnetic Field

• Important Formulas

1. If a charge particle moves in the direction of the

field then it’s motion will not change, it will continue
to move in same way
q
V
B
 Magnetic Force
Charge Particle moving in a Magnetic Field

• Important Formulas
2. If a charge particle moves perpendicular to the
direction of the field then it will move in a circular
path

V
B
q
 Magnetic Force
Charge Particle moving in a Magnetic Field
2. If a charge particle moves perpendicular to the
direction of the field then it will move in a circular
path

V
• Force on particle, 𝑭 = 𝒒𝑽𝑩 B
q
• Radius of circular path traced by particle

, m = mass of particle, V = velocity

𝒎𝑽
𝒓=
𝒒𝑩
 Magnetic Force
Charge Particle moving in a Magnetic Field
3. If a charge particle moves at angle θ to the
direction of the field then it will move in a helical
path (like solenoid shape)

• Force on particle, 𝑭 = 𝒒 𝑽𝒔𝒊𝒏θ 𝑩 V θ

B
q
• Radius of helical path traced by particle
𝒎𝑽𝒔𝒊𝒏θ
𝒓= , m = mass of particle, V = velocity
𝒒𝑩
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