LEEA Correspondence Courses

ASSIGNMENT 2.12

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1. What type of shackle is illustrated?

  Grab shackle
# D shackle
  Small Bow shackle
  US Federal Specification RR-C-271b

2. What type of shackle is illustrated?

  US Federal Specification RR-C-271b
  Grab shackle
  Large D shackle
# Bow shackle

3. What type of shackle pin is illustrated?

# Screwed pin
  Type B pin
  Plain pin
  Countersunk pin

4. What type of shackle pin is illustrated?

  Plain pin
  Screwed pin with cotter
# Bolt, nut and cotter pin
  Plain pin with cotter

5. The advantage of a bow shackle compared to a D shackle is:

# A bow shackle can connect three or more items together
  It is shaped to fit a crane hook
  For a given size it has a higher WLL
  There is no advantage

6. The advantage of a D shackle compared to a bow shackle is:

  It is shaped to avoid snagging
# For a given size it has a higher WLL
  It is shaped to connect to an eyebolt
  There is no advantage

7. The advantage of the pin shown is:

© Lifting Equipment Engineers Association 2011 - training/2.12e 1

   It is stronger than other types
  It can be galvanised
  It is more secure for long term applications
# It is quick to undo and replace

8. The advantage of the pin shown is:

  It can be fitted from either side
  It can easily be replaced if lost
# It is more secure for long term applications
  It is tamperproof

9. What manufacturing process is used to make a shackle body to EN 13889?

# Forging
  Casting
  Profiling
  Welding

10. As an alternative to drop forging, a shackle body to EN 13889 can be manufactured by:
  Fabricating by welding
  Casting
  Profiling from solid
# Upsetting the ends of a bar to form eyes then bending the bar to shape

11. If there is a flash line around the shackle body, how was it made?
  By casting
  By upsetting and bending from a bar
# By drop forging
  By profiling

12. EN 13889 requires that marking is done in a way that will not impair the mechanical properties of
the shackle. How is this done in practice?
# By using stamps on a low stress part of the shackle body
  By using the largest stamps possible to make it visible without being too deep
  By using the smallest stamps which are still legible and minimum force
  By using an engraving technique

13. Which part of a shackle body is a low stress area?

  The outside of the crown of the body
# The straight sides of the body
  The inside of the crown of the body
  The side of the eyes

14. What EN 13889 shackle pins should be marked with the grade, traceability code and
manufacturer’s symbol?
  Nut and bolt type pins
  Screwed pins
  Those with a diameter less than 13mm
# Those with a diameter of 13mm and above

15. What EN 13889 shackle pins should be marked with either the grade mark or traceability code?

© Lifting Equipment Engineers Association 2011 - training/2.12e 2

 # Those with a diameter of less than 13mm
  Those with a diameter of 13mm and above
  Screwed pins
  Nut and bolt type pins

16. Why is the shackle pin larger in diameter than the shackle body?
  Because it is made of a lower grade material than the shackle body
  Because it is subject to more wear than the shackle body
# Because it is designed to withstand a point load in the centre
  Because it provides a bearing surface to mating components

17. What is the main stress on a shackle pin is point loaded in the centre?
# Bending
  Shear
  Bending and shear
  Bending and double shear

18. What is the main stress on a shackle pin with a uniformly distributed load?
  Bending and double shear
  Bending and shear
# Double shear
  Bending

19. Whilst examining an in-service bow shackles with screwed pins, which of the following would cause
you to withdraw a shackle from further service?
  With the pin fitted but not tightened, it can move to touch the sides of the unthreaded eye
# When the pin is screwed fully in, there is a gap between the pin collar and the eye
  There are shallow bruise marks on the pin
  The minimum material thickness of the crown is 6% less than the diameter of the straight side

Marking
Answers still shown in black were correct
Answers now shown in red were incorrect – the correct answers are shown in blue

Result

© Lifting Equipment Engineers Association 2011 - training/2.12e 3