THERMODYNAMICS - Test-1

1. Air contained within a piston-cylinder 2. The critical pressure of a real gas following
assembly is slowly heated. As shown in van der Waal’s equation of state is
figure, during this process the pressure first approximately _________ kPa.
varies linearly with volume and then remains Take v̅c = 0.0745 m3 /kmol & Tc =
constant. Then the total work, in kJ is −118.10 ℃
______. (Round off to three decimal places) A) 17286.42
B) 6488.68
C) 8643.21
D) 3244.34

Answer: B
Solution:
We know that, for real following van der
Waal’s equation of state, at critical point
3
compressibility factor is 8 .
Answer: 2.462 to 3.102
Pc Vc
Z=
̅Tc
nR
Solution:
̅Tc
ZR
Pc =
v̅c
(3/8)(8.314)(−118.10 + 273.15)
Pc =
0.0745
Pc = 6488.686 kPa

3. One fourth kg of a gas contained within a

piston cylinder assembly having initial
specific volume of 0.2 m3 /kg undergoes a
Total work in the process constant pressure process at 5 bar. For the
= Area (a – 1 – 2 – b − a) + Area gas as the system, if the work interaction is
(b – 2 – 3 – c – b) −15 kJ, then the final volume of the gas, in
⇒ Total work in the process m3 is.
1
= (2 × (0.035 − 0.02)(50 + 75)) A) 0.02 B) 0.41
C) 0.074 D) 1.012
+((0.06 − 0.035)(75))
Answer: A
= 2.8125 kJ

1
 Solution:
Given 5. A spherical balloon contains 5 kg of air at
1 200 kPa and 500 K. The balloon material is
m = kg;
4
such that the pressure inside is always
P = constant = 5 bar = 500 kPa
proportional to the square of the diameter. If
v1 = 0.20 m3 /kg; the volume of the balloon doubles as a result
W1−2 = −15 kJ of heat transfer, then the work done is (kJ)
We have A) 1016.4 B) 935.78
W1−2 = P(V2 − V1 ) C) 842.12 D) 1121.64
⇒ W1−2 = P(V2 − mv1 ) Answer: B
W1−2 Solution:
⇒ V2 = + mv1
P
Given m = 5 kg, P1 = 200 kPa
15 1
⇒ V2 = − + ( × 0.20) T1 = 500 K, V2 = 2V1
500 4
⇒ V2 = 0.02 m3 P1
P ∝ D2 ⇒ P = K. D2 ⇒ K =
D12
V2 = 2V1
4. It is proposed to construct a new scale (°N)
2
with the value 5°N assigned to ice point and Work done = ∫1 PdV
π
20°N to steam point. The value of absolute Volume of balloon = V = 6 × D3
zero on this (°N) scale is πD2
⇒ dV = dD
A) −35.95°N B) 41. 65°N 2
C) 25. 62°N D) −45.25°N Given V2 = 2V1
π π
Answer: A ⇒ D32 = 2. . D13
6 6
Solution: 1
⇒ D2 = (2)3 . D1
In given °N scale,
mRT1 5×0.287×500
Ice Point = 5°N We have V1 = =
P1 200
Steam point = 20°N
= 3.5875 m3
Absolute zero = 0K π
⇒ . D13 = 3.5875 ⇒ D1 = 1.899 m
Let the reading corresponding to absolute 6
2
zero on °N scale is x°N Work done = ∫1 PdV
x−5 0 − 273 D2
πD2
= = ∫ K. D2 . dD
20 − 5 373 − 273 2
D1
−273
⇒ x − 5 = 15 ( ) πK D2
100 = . [∫ D4 dD]
2 D1
⇒ x = −35.95°N
∴ The reading of absolute zero on °N scale is πK D52 D15
= [ − ]
2 5 5
−35.95°N
2
 P1 1 5 7. A cylinder with a frictionless piston contains
=π× 3 (1.899)5 − (1.899)5 ]
2 × 5 × [2 .
2D1 0.1 m3 of gas at 200 kPa. The piston is
200 1 5 3
5
=π× × × (1.899) [2 − 1] connected to a coil spring which exerts a
2 × (1.899)2 5
force proportional to the displacement from
= 935.78 kJ
its equilibrium position. The gas is heated
6. In a piston-cylinder arrangement, the pressure
until the volume is doubled. At this state, the
is inversely proportional to the square of the
pressure is found to be 500 kPa. Take the
volume. The initial pressure is 10 bar in the
atmospheric pressure as 1 bar. The work done
cylinder and the initial volume is 0.1 m3 . The
by the gas is
volume now changed so that the final
A) 29.4 kJ B) 39 kJ
pressure is 2 bar, then the work done in kJ is
C) 42.4 kJ D) 35 kJ
______.
Answer: 52.4 to 60.2
Solution:
1
Given P ∝
V2

P1 =10 bar = 100 kPa

V1 = 0.1 m3 ,
P2 = 2 bar = 200 kPa
Answer: D
1 K
At the state 1, P1 ∝ or P1 = Solution:
V21 V21

where K is the constant of proportionality and Given

it is calculated by initial condition. Therefore, A cylinder with a piston connected to coil

K = P1 V12 = (1000 kPa) × (0.1 m3 )2 spring and

= 10 kPa. m6 V1 = 0.1 m3 , P1 = 200 kPa

Now at the state 2, V2 = 2V1 = 0.2 m3 P2 = 500 kPa

K
P2 =
V22

K 10
⇒ V2 = √ =√ = 0.223 m3
P2 200

Now, the work done during the process

2 2
K 1 1
W = ∫ PdV = ∫ dV = K [ − ]
1 1 V2 V1 V2
1 1
or W = 10 × [0.1 − 0.223]

= 10 × (10 − 4.484) = 𝟓𝟓. 𝟏𝟓𝟔 𝐤J

3
 1 0.17112
W1−2 = 2 (P1 + P2 ) (V2 − V1 )
= 100 × [0.86110 ln ( )
1
0.8611
W1−2 = (200 + 500) × (0.2 − 0.1)
2
− (8.60673 × 10−5
W1−2 = 35 kJ
8. A quantity of gas is compressed in a piston- 1 1
3 ×( − ))]
cylinder from a volume of 0.8611 m to a 0.8611 0.17212
final volume of 0.17212 m3 . The pressure = −𝟏𝟑𝟖. 𝟔 𝐤J
(in bar) as a function of volume (m3 ) is given 9. A real gas has a molar mass of 20.183
by kg/kmol and it’s critical temperature,
−5
0.86110 8.60673 × 10 pressure & volume are 44.5 K, 2.73 MPa &
P= −
V V2 0.416 m3 /kmol respectively. From
The magnitude of work done on the gas is
compressibility chart, at reduced pressure of
_____kJ.
2 & reduced temperature of 1.3, the
compressibility factor is 0.7. The
Answer: 136.8 to 140.6
corresponding specific volume at given state
is k × 10−3 m3 /kg. The value of ‘k’ rounded
Solution:
off to two decimal place is ________.
Given
Answer: 3.040 to 3.065
V1 = 0.8611 m3 ,
Solution:
V2 = 0.17212 m3 , P
Pr =
0.86110 8.60673×10−5 Pc
and P= − (bar)
V V2 P = 2 × Pc
Work done by the gas P = 5460 kPa
V2
T
W = ∫ PdV Tr =
V1 Tc
0.17212
0.86110 T = 1.3 × Tc
= (100) ∫ (
0.8611 V T = 57.85 K
8.60673 × 10−5 PV
− ) dV Z=
V2 nR̅T
PV
= 100 × [0.86110 ln(V) − 8.60673 × 10−5 Z=
mRT
1 0.17212 ZRT
× (− )] v=
V 0.8611 P
8.314
0.7 × (20.183) × 57.85
v=
5460
v = 3.055 × 10−3 m3 /kg
k = 3.055

4
10. A closed system consisting of 0.09 kg of air 11. A cylindrical tank containing 4 kg of carbon
undergoes a polytropic process from P1 = monoxide gas at −50℃ has an inner diameter
138 kPa, v1 = 0.72 m3 /kg to a final state of 0.2 m and a length of 1 m. The gas obeys
where P2 = 552 kPa, v2 = 0.25 m3 /kg. van der Waals equation of state with the
2
Then the work interaction in kJ, for the m3
constants a = 1.474 bar ( ) and b =
process is _____. k mol
m3
(Take the work done on the air as negative 0.0395 . The percentage error
k mol
and work done by the air as positive)
involved in the calculation of pressure by
Answer: −𝟏𝟏. 𝟑 𝐭𝐨 − 𝟏𝟏. 𝟏
treating carbon monoxide as ideal gas is
______.
Solution:
(Round off to two decimal places)
Given
m = 0.09 kg
Answer: 16.4 to 16.9
P1 = 138 kPa
m3 m3
V1 = 0.72 = 0.72 × 0.09 kg Solution:
kg kg
= 0.0648 m3
Given
P2 = 552 kPa
m = 4 kg; T = −50℃ = 223 K;
m3 m3
V2 = 0.25 = 0.25 × 0.09 kg π
Volume of the tank = ( ) × (0.2)2 × 1
kg kg 4
3
= 0.0225 m = 0.031415 m3
Let the polytropic process is given by ∴ Molar specific volume of the gas = v̅
PV n = Constant ,
0.031415 m3
ln(P1 /P2 ) =( ) = 0.02199
then Polytopic Index n = 4 k mol
ln(V2 /V1 ) (28)

ln(138/552) Using ideal gas equation,

=
ln(0.0225/0.0648) 8.314
mRT 4 × ( 28 ) × 223
ln(0.25) −1.386 PI = ( )=
= = V 0.031415
ln(0.3472) −1.0578
= 8431.01 kPa
n = 1.3105
Using van der Waals equation of state,
Work interaction in the process
a
P1 V1 − P2 V2 m × (P1 v1 − P2 v2 ) ̅T
(PV + ( 2 )) (v̅ − b) = R
W1−2 = = v̅
n−1 n−1
̅T
R a
0.09 × ((138 × 0.72) − (552 × 0.25)) ⇒ PV = ( ) − ( 2)
= v̅ − b v̅
1.3105 − 1
8.314×223 1.474×100
= −11.2 kJ ⇒ PV = (0.2199−0.0395) − ( )
0.21992

⇒ PV = 7229.058 kPa
5
∴ Prercentage error in pressure calculation
7229.058 − 8431.01
= | | × 100
7229.058
= 16.6266 %