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CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

School is the foundation of every profession in this world. Education gives us

knowledge of the world around us and changes it into something better. Education can

only achieve if we are persistent enough to fulfill our goal in life. At the same time, we

know that many students experience various adversities during this pandemic in their

lives including poverty, economic opportunities and difficult school resources that make

it difficult for them to take advantage of the opportunity to learn at school during this

pandemic. Pandemic is not a hindrance to continue the schooling of every student.

During this pandemic, educating the elementary students was the best thing to do while

students are in their safety zones or in their homes. That is why modular learning and

virtual learning in now taking place in the Philippines. Modular teaching is more

effective in teaching learning process as compared to ordinary teaching methods because

in this modular approach the students learn at their own pace. The students feel free to

learn in their own style. Education is a vital medium obtaining fundamental information

aptitudes. It is more than fair learning from books. It is an exertion of the more seasoned

era to exchange their life shrewdness to their descendant. Our world is always changing

and creating so it is exceptionally vital to instruct and bring up shrewdly individuals who

might get it the issues of advanced and unravel them in legitimate way. Educating the

students virtually is a new potential condition and a new challenge to our teachers during

this pandemic. The development of virtual learning is to extend the learning and to
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achieve an effective education despite of the pandemic that we’re experiencing

nowadays.

Education is one of the important rights of every person. Since then, it is one of

the rights that is forbidden by the Spaniards to the Filipinos especially on women but

granted by the Americans in the time of their colonization. However, as time goes by,

right for education became the one of the important right to be considered in every

constitution and law all over the world and especially in the Philippines. Educating the

students in this pandemic requires attention because of the fact that they are studying in

their homes and answering the given modules to them. In the municipality of Arayat,

Sta.Ana and Mexico, Province of Pampanga, are all in modular and virtual learning. One

of the functions of modular and virtual learning is to “fill the gap” and see the

“effectiveness” of education despite of the challenges during this pandemic that will be

used in this study. Because of the pandemic, parents serve as the teacher of their child as

they are studying at home. Also because of the fact that some of the parents didn’t study,

they are not that knowledgeable enough to teach their children so for their child to learn

some parents are hiring tutor to teach their children in elementary grades. They can’t

teach and focus to their children didn’t study and also have their responsibilities to do at

home and others are working to provide the needs of the family and to support the

maintenance and fees of their children in school.

Statement of the Problem

The general problem of the study is: How effective are modular and online/virtual

learning?

Specifically, the study sought answers to the following questions:

1. What is modular and online learning?

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2. How effective does modular and online learning to students during pandemic.

3. What are the advantage and disadvantage of modular and online learning to

both teachers and the students?

4. How peaceful is the environment at home while learning?

5. How helpful are your teachers while studying at home and online?

6. What are the problems encountered while studying online?

Significance of the Study

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of modular and online learning.

Online learning is very common but became more rampant since the pandemic. The key

purpose of this research is to find out the challenges encountered by the teachers, parents,

students and school administrators in the implementation of Modular Distance Learning

and Online Virtual Learning in the Philippine public and private elementary schools.

Also, this study aims to ascertain the methods, interventions or solutions of every

educational institutions as well as the government in providing assistance to students,

parents and teachers who are having difficulty in this new learning modality.

Students. They are the elementary students that will serve as the direct recipients

of this research output to examine the effectiveness of the new normal of educational

system. At the end of the study the student will be aware of how does modular and online

learning helps him/her in acquiring knowledge in their own pace.

Teachers. The teacher’s role becomes crucial as for making sure the learners stay

engaged and do not loosed their motivation. The results of the study will help the teacher

to evaluate the effectiveness of modular and online learning that is being implemented in
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our country during this pandemic. The quality needed in delivering the right education in

educating the students.

Parents. As parents enrolled their children in this status of educational system,

comes with self-assurance that their children are given the knowledge despite this new

normal educational system. They will serve as the temporary teacher to their children to

support them through their learning process. Their contribution in this study will help the

researchers to fulfill the aim in this study.

School Administrator. They are often recognized as the first line of leadership in

any school in online and modular learning. They hold many roles within the school and

navigate each one to create a learning community that focuses on providing a quality

education and vision of success for the students.

Dep-Ed. While the epidemic is unlikely to have long-term effects on our

educational system, its lessons will lead to a more significant change. As the COVID-19

becomes more widely used across the country, the Department of Education has taken

advantage of the chance to be more comprehensive in adopting various forms of learning

that are more responsive, convenient, and relevant in today's conditions. It is eager to

explore new avenues so that the process of learning is not hampered. Dep-Ed is tackling

this issue with our online learning platform as well as modular courses that are

appropriate for students in both private and public schools.

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CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Related Theories

Terry Anderson (2011) investigates the possibility of developing a common

theory for online education. Despite the fact that he recognizes that this is a daunting and

possibly futile challenge, he investigates the possibilities and proposes his own

hypothesis, which he acknowledges is incomplete. The aim of this paper is to look at

theoretical frameworks that are applicable to pedagogical aspects of online learning. It all

begins with the study of learning theories is narrowed down to their relevance to online

education. The article ends with a proposal for a pedagogical purpose-based integrated

model for online education. Adult learners are well-served by online learning

opportunities, and there is evidence that online learning is just as successful as

conventional teaching methods for example, lectures. A ‘blended approach' (face-to-face

and online modalities) to promoting clinical attachments has some support in the

literature. However, there is no clarification on the extent to which an online course can

replace clinical learning, but it is doubtful that clinical exposure can be fully replaced

Many competencies historically acquired by clinical attachments are thought to be

achievable by online learning modalities, as shown by the use of online learning in the

teaching of clinical and communication skills. These are usually used to complement or

add to the learning that occurs during the clinical attachment. The creation of an

educational environment that encourages learning is an important feature of online

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learning. Our previous work in creating online discussion forums suggests that the

relational nature of the educational environment is a key element of online learning. We

created an online learning program based on this previous work to replace the clinical

teaching that Year 4 and Year 5 students are lacking due to COVID-19. Our online

learning curriculum is divided into three parts, each of which corresponds to one of the

domains of educational environment theory: asynchronous discussion forums; a

symposium that promotes social contact and the participation of teachers and a learning

portfolio that reflects the corporate domain while also facilitating personal goals. The

portfolio is supported by Taylor and Hamdy's multi-theory model of adult learning,

which is based on the scaffolding structure that underpins our entire medical curriculum.

Related Literature

Foreign

Online learning is a form of distance learning, also known as distance education,

that has long been a part of the American educational system and has recently grown to

become the largest sector of distance learning (Bartley & Golek, 2004; Evans & Haase,

2001). Both hybrid or blended learning and solely online learning are called online

learning for the purposes of this literature review Most of the research contrasts these two

formats to conventional face-to-face meetings. Purely online classes are those that are

offered exclusively over the Internet, while hybrid or mixed learning mixes conventional

face-to-face learning with online learning. Instruction delivered electronically via various

multimedia and Internet platforms and applications is referred to as online learning. Web-

based learning, e-learning, computer-assisted teaching, and Internet-based learning are all
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words that are used interchangeably. This chapter provides a study of the literature on

online learning in information literacy instruction (ILI) in academic libraries published

between 2010 and 2015. The landscape of online ILI is defined, with summaries of the

major players. The shortcomings and best practices of online information literacy training

are addressed. The advancement of emerging communication technology has resulted in

new approaches to the educational process. E-learning is a relatively recent term that

refers to a particular type of distance learning training. E-learning is a concept that refers

to a type of learning that makes use of computers as a source of information and

knowledge. The words e-learning, online education, online education, web education,

distance learning, and so on are all interchangeable. Learning at a distance Physics is

concerned with the distance between the teacher and the pupil / student, as well as the

contact between them Messages or electronic records are exchanged. The technical

factors that should ensure that the pupils / students, and contact between them and their

teachers, play a particularly important role in distance education. A professor in the

educational system can speak to a wide group of students at once, but can also converse

with each one individually. Many who study in this manner will benefit from the

expertise and experience of renowned professors, which they would not otherwise be able

to access. We may assume that the role of the human factor in distance education is

guidance. Anyone, regardless of age, education level, or access to knowledge through

modern technology, can participate in this type of training. The flexibility and interactive

nature of online learning makes it highly successful in career development, improving the

employability of many students and better preparing faculty members to work in the

digital age. The following courses in distance learning systems are able to gain

knowledge about his skills and abilities at their own speed of analysis, they are able to
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study at their own location and time. Meanwhile, students may use their imaginations to

make interdisciplinary associations between the concepts presented, resulting in new data

interpretations. The absence of this companion or instructor will energize the timid.

Multimedia information presentation enhances people's interest, comprehension, and

perception of leads to successful awareness assimilation The Internet allows you to

access current knowledge from all over the world at any time. Economic considerations

should not be underestimated, with students saving money on transportation and lodging.

The educational system may have a detrimental impact on interpersonal relationships, the

formation of emotional bonds, and societal integration. There is a lack of face-to-face

interaction between students and their peers or teachers. The effectiveness of this

educational system is primarily determined by the willingness of those who participate in

such training programs. We recognize that distance learning provides an opportunity for

those who want to study but are unable to do so due to a variety of factors such as

financial constraints or a lack of time.

Related Studies

Foreign

Mark (2020) did a related research project on education during the Covid-19 era:

Is e-learning appropriate for learners in a less developed country? E-learning is learning

that takes place outside of a traditional classroom using electronic devices to access

educational programs. In most circumstances, it refers to an entirely online course,

program, or degree. On all items of the e-learning readiness scale, the majority of

respondents answered "No." While the dichotomous response counts differ just little, the
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results show that respondents were not yet ready for e-learning. The Coronavirus-2019

(COVID-19) pandemic continues to be a major concern, threatening not only the

economy but also education in most regions of the world, particularly in developing

countries. School administrators may start by addressing students' lack of digital skills

and developing programs to help them. If the financial, operational, and Internet

connectivity difficulties of learners in the low-income sector and rural areas are solved,

the possibility of a move to e-learning should be examined. More strategic planning and

quality management methods should be oriented toward a more equal and inclusive

education that does not compromise learning quality. Even in a modular setting,

elementary school students may be hesitant to embrace a new educational design. The

Philippines, as one of the less-developed countries in Southeast Asia, is a hotspot of the

COVID-19 case. With the current situation of the Philippine government and the

debilitating pandemic, there has been a noticeable influence on the economy and

education. The Department of Education (DepEd) has decided to create an alternate

method of citizen education by incorporating it into a modular and online learning

system. Despite the pandemic, teachers are expected to perform their obligations and

responsibilities to their students. Adults are the allies of this system that is being adopted

and are also obliged to guide their children in developing their atmosphere more helpful

and pleasant in satisfying this challenge despite the pandemic in educating the elementary

learners. The related literature and related studies in this study are similar as it is from the

website of the American. The study has been made to help the researchers gather

information that is needed in this study in providing the data that is helpful to the parents

and students so they have awareness of the effectiveness of today’s educational platform

and have the ability to be more resourceful and creative in our situation today.
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Conceptual Framework

Input Process Output

Profile of Respondents Questionnaire Evaluation The impact of Virtual

 Age  A survey Learning and Modular

 Gender questionnaire to Learning according to the

 Grade level collect data was perceptions of the

given to and respondents

 Name of School
retrieved from the
 Municipality
respondents.
Perception of the
 Data Gathered then
Respondent the Impact of
processed and
Virtual Learning and
treated statistically
Modular Learning

 Experiences in

today's normal

education

 Positive and

Negative

Experiences of

students in online
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learning

Hypothesis of the Study

The main objective of this study was to measure to what extent using the interactive

features of Virtual learning increases the motivation of elementary students for the

learning process. The significance of this study is that it raises the awareness of academic

staff to the importance of using the interactive features of Virtual Learning as an

important asset in teaching young students.

 There is no significant difference in the level of achievement in Science on

elementary grade student when taught through F2F Method and Online Method.

 There is no significance difference in the level of achievement in Science of

elementary grade boys and girls when taught through online method.

 Students will show preference towards online activities as opposed to the

traditional method of learning.

 Students will show a difference in attitudes towards e-learning based on the

students’ faculty.

Definition of Variables

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relative importance of previous web-

based course familiarity, computer ownership, computer use (years), amount of time

spent on a computer (hours/day), social media use (Facebook), e-mail checking

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frequency, and smartphone use on online readiness of students. These are often provided

as selective demographic characteristics in online learning readiness literature, yet their

relative importance on online readiness has not been studied. Virtual Learning Readiness

Scale and a detailed information sheet were used for data collection purposes. The data

were analyzed through a hierarchical linear regression analysis in four steps. According

to results, nearly 17% of the variation in students’ online learning readiness levels was

explained by the predictor variables. First, as pre-entry characteristics, previous web-

based course familiarity, computer ownership, texting and Internet use by a mobile phone

explained 8%. In the second order, variables referring further engagement behaviors with

technology, computer use in years and the amount of time spent on a computer

(hours/day) explained an extra 4.5%. Third, the variables, corresponding to

regular/habitual use, Facebook use and e-mail checking frequency, explained another

4.5%. The results indicated that previous web-based course familiarity, the computer use

(years) and e-mail checking frequency were the significant variables, predicting students'

readiness to Virtual Learning.

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CHAPTER III
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Data Gathering Procedure

In order to gather information, interviews were conducted through questionnaire. The

researcher used face-to-face or in-person interviews to conduct the interview. The
researchers recorded the interview with the participants’ permission. The approach of
data gathering in this study requires information of every learners and their parents on
how effective and ineffective the online and modular learning educational platform in this
pandemic. The conduction of the research involved the use of semi-structured
questionnaire which was used to guide the researcher. It is expected that some questions
were made encountered during the interviews.