LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION

MOTOR

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

Capacity : 1KW
Current: A
Frequency: 50Hz
Voltage: 230 V , RPM: 1440 rpm
Synchronous Speed Ns=1500rpm
Fuse rating = 120% of the rated current = A

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 LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

Ex. No: Date :

AIM:

To conduct a load test on Single Phase Induction Motor to obtain the

performance characteristics.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No Apparatus Type Range Quantity

01. Voltmeter MI 0-250 V 1

02. Ammeter MI 0-10 A 1

03. Wattmeter UPF 10 A, 250 V 1

04. Tachometer - 0-2000 rpm 1

05. Auto Transformer 1 Phase 230/(0-270) V 1

THEORY

Single phase motors are very widely used in home, offices, workshops etc. as
power delivered to most of the houses and offices is single phase. In addition
to this, single phase motors are reliable, cheap in cost, simple in construction
and easy to repair.
When the stator of a single phase motor is fed with single phase supply, it
produces alternating flux in the stator winding. The alternating current
flowing through stator winding causes induced current in the rotor bars (of
the squirrel cage rotor ) according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic
induction.

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TABULAR COLUMN:

Spring balance
Sl. V I Speed N reading Input power Output
Torque T %Efficiency η %Slip S
No Volts Amps rpm S1 S2 WR ×MF Watts Watts
N-m
Kg Kg

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This induced current in the rotor will also produce alternating flux. Even
after both alternating fluxes are set up, the motor fails to start. However,
if the rotor is given a initial start by external force in either direction, then
motor accelerates to its final speed and keeps running with its rated
speed. This behaviour of a single phase motor can be explained by
double-field revolving theory.
It should be noted that the alternating flux acting on a squirrel cage rotor
can not produce rotation, only revolving flux can. That is why a single
phase induction motor is not self starting. To make it self-starting, it can
be temporarily converted into a two-phase motor while starting. This can
be achieved by introducing an additional 'starting winding' also called as
auxiliary winding.
Hence, stator of a single phase motor has two windings: (i) Main winding
and (ii) Starting winding (auxiliary winding). These two windings are
connected in parallel across a single phase supply and are spaced 90
electrical degrees apart. Phase difference of 90 degree can be achieved by
connecting a capacitor in series with the starting winding.
Hence the motor behaves like a two-phase motor and the stator produces
revolving magnetic field which causes rotor to run. Once motor gathers
speed, say upto 80 or 90% of its normal speed, the starting winding gets
disconnected form the circuit by means of a centrifugal switch, and the
motor runs only on main winding.
Depending upon the methods for making asynchronous motor as Self
Starting Motor, there are mainly four types of single phase induction
motor namely,
1. Split phase induction motor,
2. Capacitor start inductor motor,
3. Capacitor start capacitor run induction motor,
4. Shaded pole induction motor.
5. Permanent split capacitor motor or single value capacitor motor.

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SPECIMEN CALCULATION :

Applied voltage V = Volts

Line current I = Amps

Input power W= Watts

Torque T=S1~ S2 × R ×9.81 N-m

Circumference
Where R is the radius of the brake drum in meters. R= 2π

𝟐𝛑𝐍𝐓
Output power = watts
𝟔𝟎

𝐎𝐮𝐭𝐩𝐮𝐭 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫
Percentage efficiency η = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝐈𝐧𝐩𝐮𝐭 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫

𝑵𝒔 −𝑵
% slip S = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑵𝒔

Where Ns = synchromous speed N = Rotor speed

MODEL GRAPH:

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PRECAUTIONS:
Before switching on the supply
1. Keep the auto-transformer in minimum voltage position.
2. Ensure that there is no load on the motor.

PROCEDURE:

1. Make the connections as shown in the circuit diagram .

2. Switch ON the supply and start the motor by slowly increasing the
autotransformer output voltage till its rated value of voltage i.e 220 V.
3. Note down the readings of all the meters and spring balance and also
the speed.
4. Load the motor in steps by tightening the belt on the brake drum, at
each step note down the readings of all the meters connected in the
circuit and speed.
Note : At each step maintain the applied voltage constant i.e 220 Volts
by using the auto-transformer.

5. Repeat the above step 4 till the rated current of the motor.
6. Release the load completely and the motor is switched off and
auto transformer is brought back to initial position.
7. Remove the connections and Measure the diameter of the pulley.

RESULT:
The load test on Single-Phase Induction Motor was conducted. Using the
calculated and tabulated values, the performance characteristics of the
given Single Phase Induction motor were drawn.

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