‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻟﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻮل اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬

‫)اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺎت(‬
‫اﻋﺪاد‬
‫اﻟﻤﺪرس ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬

‫‪email/abuhussen_72@yahoo.com‬‬
‫‪www.facebook.com/saeedmuhi‬‬

‫)اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ( ‪2015 – 2016‬‬

‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ /‬اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺎت‬
‫ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﺮدة‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /1‬رﺑﻄﺖ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 20µF‬واﻟﺒﻌ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 0.3cm‬اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ ‪12V‬‬
‫اﺣﺴﺐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫= ‪1 − Q = C.∆V = 20 × 12 = 240µC , 2 − E‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4000 V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.3 × 10 −2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪3 − PE‬‬ ‫‪C.(∆V ) 2 = × 20 × 10 −6 (12) 2 = 144 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /2‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﺳﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ‪ 5µF‬وﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 12V‬واﻻﺧ ﺮى ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 4µF‬وﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 6V‬اﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE1‬‬ ‫‪C1.(∆V1 ) 2 = × 5 × 10 −6 (12) 2 = × 5 × 10 −6 × 144 = 360 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = C 2 .(∆V2 ) 2 = × 4 × 10 −6 (6) 2 = 2 × 10 −6 × 36 = 72 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /3‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﻘ ﺪار ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 20µF‬واﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ أي ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‬
‫‪ 120µC‬واﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ‪0.3cm‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪Q 120‬‬
‫=‪C‬‬ ‫= ‪⇒ ∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 6V‬‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫=‪E‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 2000V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.3 × 10 − 2‬‬

‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /4‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 2μF‬وﺷ ﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 100μC‬واﻟﺒﻌ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 0.5cm‬ﻣ ﺎ ﺷ ﺪة اﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪Q 100‬‬
‫= ‪∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 50V‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬
‫=‪E‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 10000V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.5 × 10 − 2‬‬ ‫‪5 × 10 −3‬‬
‫ﻣﺜـﺎل‪ /5‬اذا ﻛ ﺎن اﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﯾ ﺴﺎوي ‪ 5000V/m‬واﻟﺒﻌ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ اﻟ ﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ‬
‫‪ 0.4cm‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اذا ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ان ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪400µC‬؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪∆V‬‬
‫=‪E‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‪5000‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪∆V = 5000 × 0.4 × 10 −2 = 20V‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.4 × 10 −2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬
‫=‪C‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20µF‬‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /6‬اذا ﻛﺎن ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪ 80µC‬وﻣﻘﺪار ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 5µF‬واﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 4000V/m‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬
‫=‪C‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫= ‪∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 16V‬‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫=‪E‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‪d‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4 × 10 −3 m = 0.4cm‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪4000‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /7‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ذات ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺘ ﻮازﯾﯿﻦ اﻟﻤ ﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ )‪ (5mm‬وﻣ ﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤ ﺎ ) ‪ (1m‬ﻓ ﺎذا‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫وﺿﻌﺖ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮاغ وﺷﺤﻨﺘﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ أﺻﺒﺢ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ )‪ (2×10 4 V‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪εοA‬‬ ‫‪8.85 × 10 × 1‬‬ ‫‪−12‬‬

‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‪C‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 1.77 × 10 −9 F =1770 pF‬‬

‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪5 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−3‬‬

‫‪2- Q = C ∆V = 1.77×10- 9 × 2×10 4 = 3.54×10- 5 C‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /8‬اﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 20µF‬واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪4×10-3J‬‬
‫اذا ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ان اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ‪. 0.2cm‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE‬‬ ‫‪C.(∆V ) 2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫= ‪4 × 10 −3‬‬ ‫‪× 20 × 10 −6 (∆V ) 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪4 × 10 −3‬‬
‫‪4 × 10 −3 = 10 × 10 −6 (∆V) 2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫= ) ‪(∆V‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪= 400‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪∆V = 20V‬‬
‫‪10 × 10 −6‬‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫=‪E‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 10000 V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.2 × 10 − 2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /9‬اذا ﻛ ﺎن اﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ‪ 6000V/m‬واﻟﺒﻌ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ اﻟ ﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ‪0.1cm‬‬
‫واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪ 72×10-5J‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪∆V‬‬
‫=‪E‬‬ ‫= ‪⇒ 6000‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪∆V = 6000 × 10 −3 = 6V‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.1 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪PE = C.(∆V ) 2 ⇒ 72 × 10 −5 = C.(6) 2 ⇒ 72 × 10 −5 = C × 36‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪72 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−5‬‬

‫=‪C‬‬ ‫‪= 4 × 10 −5 F = 40µF‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /10‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن اﻟﺒﻌ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤ ﺎ ‪ 0.2cm‬وﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ ﺳ ﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ‪ 20µF‬وﺳ ﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪ 5µF‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻻوﻟﻰ اﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 6V‬ورﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ‬
‫‪ 12V‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤ ﺎ ؟ وﻣ ﺎ ﻣﻘ ﺪار اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪−2‬‬ ‫‪−3‬‬
‫‪d = 0.2cm = 0.2 × 10‬‬ ‫‪= 2 × 10 m‬‬
‫‪∆V1‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪∆V2‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫= ‪E1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪3000‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 6000 V / m‬‬
‫‪2 × 10 −3‬‬ ‫‪2 × 10 −3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE1 = C1.(∆V ) 2 = × 20 × 10 −6 × (6) 2 = 36 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = C 2 .(∆V2 ) 2 = × 5 × 10 −6 (12) 2 = 36 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫إدﺧﺎل ﻋﺎزل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﺮدة‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /11‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ذات اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 16µF‬وﺻ ﻠﺖ اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ ‪10V‬‬
‫اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻟﻮ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻋ ﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ وادﺧﻠ ﺖ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﮫ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭ ﺎ )‪ (k‬اﻧﺨﻔ ﺾ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻰ ‪ 5V‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ وﻣﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪1 − Q = C.∆V = 16 × 10 = 160µC , PE‬‬ ‫‪C.(∆V ) 2 = × 16 × 10 −6 (10) 2 = 8 × 10 −4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪160‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬
‫= ‪2 − Ck‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 32µF‬‬ ‫= ‪, k= k‬‬ ‫‪=2‬‬
‫‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /12‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ذات اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ ‪ 12V‬ﻓ ﺎذا ﻓ ﺼﻠﺖ ﻋ ﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ وادﺧﻞ ﻋﺎزل ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ ‪ 3‬ازدادت ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ‪ 60µF‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1 − C k = C + 60 ⇒ kC = C + 60‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪3C = C + 60‬‬ ‫‪⇒ 2C = 60‬‬ ‫‪⇒ C = 30µF‬‬
‫‪Q = C.∆V = 30 × 12 = 360µC‬‬
‫‪∆V 12‬‬
‫= ‪2 − ∆Vk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4V‬‬
‫‪k‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪3 − PE = ∆V.Q = × 12 × 360 × 10 −6 = 2160 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE k = ∆Vk .Q = × 4 × 360 × 10 −6 = 720 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /13‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ذات اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 15µF‬وﺻ ﻠﺖ اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ ‪24V‬‬
‫ﻓﺎذا ﻓﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ وادﺧﻞ ﻋﺎزل ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ )‪ (k‬ھﺒﻂ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ‪ 16V‬اﺣﺴﺐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ )‪.(k‬‬
‫‪ -4‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1 − Q = C.∆V = 15 × 24 = 360µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪360‬‬
‫‪2 − ∆Vk = ∆V − 16 = 24 − 16 = 8V‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪Ck‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 45µF‬‬
‫‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪Ck‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬
‫= ‪3− k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=3‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪4 − PE = ∆V.Q = × 24 × 360 × 10 −6 = 4320 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE k = ∆Vk .Q = × 8 × 360 × 10 −6 = 1440 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /14‬رﺑﻄﺖ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 25µF‬اﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ ‪ 6V‬ﺛ ﻢ ادﺧ ﻞ ﻋ ﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ )‪(k‬‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ وﻣﺎزاﻟﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺎزدادت ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ‪ 300µC‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ )‪. (k‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ إدﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻟ ﻮ ﻗﻄ ﻊ اﻻﺗ ﺼﺎل ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﺑﻌ ﺪ ذﻟ ﻚ ﺛ ﻢ اﺧ ﺮج اﻟﻌ ﺎزل ﻓﻤ ﺎ ﻣﻘ ﺪار ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ واﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1 − Q = C.∆V = 25 × 6 = 150µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q k = Q + 300 = 150 + 300 = 450µC‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪450‬‬
‫= ‪Ck‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 75µF‬‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬
‫= ‪2− k= k‬‬ ‫‪=3‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪3 − PE k = C k .(∆V ) 2 = × 75 × 10 −6 × (6) 2 = 1350 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪450‬‬
‫= ‪4 − ∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 18V‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE = C.(∆V ) 2 = × 25 × 10 −6 (18) 2 = × 25 × 10 −6 × 324 = 4050 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /15‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ذات ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 5μF‬وﺻﻠﺖ ﺑﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪ 200V‬ﺟﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻮف ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻟﻮ ادﺧﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ )‪ (2‬ﻛﻢ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻟﻮ ﻗﻄﻊ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟ ﻚ ﺛ ﻢ اﺧ ﺮج اﻟﻌ ﺎزل ﻛ ﻢ ﺗ ﺼﺒﺢ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ وﻛ ﻢ ﯾ ﺼﺒﺢ ﻓ ﺮق‬
‫اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1- Q =C . ∆V =5 × 200 =1000µC‬‬
‫‪2- Qk = k Q =2 × 1000 =2000µC‬‬
‫)ﻻن اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر( ‪3- Q = Qk =2000µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬
‫= ‪∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 400 V‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /16‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ذات اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘ ﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (10µF‬ﺷ ﺤﻨﺖ ﺑﻮﺳ ﺎطﺔ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ‬
‫‪ 12V‬ﺛﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ وادﺧﻞ ﻋﺎزل ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ ‪ 2‬ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ﯾﻤﻸ اﻟﺤﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﺣﺴﺐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1- Q =C.∆V =10×12=120µC‬‬
‫‪2- Ck =k C =2×10 =20µF‬‬
‫‪∆V 12‬‬
‫= ‪3- ∆Vk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 6V‬‬
‫‪k‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫= ‪Or ∆Vk = k‬‬ ‫‪= 6V‬‬
‫‪Ck‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /17‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 5µF‬ﺷ ﺤﻨﺖ ﺑﻮﺳ ﺎطﺔ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﺑ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻣﻘ ﺪارھﺎ ‪ 60µC‬ﺛ ﻢ ﻓ ﺼﻠﺖ ﻋ ﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ وادﺧ ﻞ‬
‫ﻋﺎزل ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ ‪ 2‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1- Ck=k C =2 × 5=10µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫= ‪∆Vk = k‬‬ ‫‪= 6V‬‬
‫‪Ck‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪or‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫= ‪∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12V‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪∆V 12‬‬
‫= ‪∴ ∆Vk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 6V‬‬
‫‪k‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2- PE = ∆V. Q = × 12 × 60 × 10 − 6 = 360 × 10 −6 = 36 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE k = ∆Vk .Q k = × 6 × 60 × 10 −6 = 180 × 10 −6 = 18 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜـﺎل‪ /18‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 12µF‬وﻣﻘ ﺪار اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ أي ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 600µc‬وﻏﯿ ﺮ ﻣﺘ ﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤ ﺼﺪر ﻓ ﺎذا‬
‫ادﺧﻞ ﻋﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ ‪ 5‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ اﺻﺒﺢ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ‪ 10000V/m‬اﺣﺴﺐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1- Ck=k C =5 × 12 =60µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪2- ∆Vk = k‬‬ ‫‪= 10V‬‬
‫‪Ck‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫= ‪Ek‬‬ ‫= ‪⇒ 10000‬‬ ‫‪⇒ d=0.001m=0.1cm‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /19‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ذات اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 20µF‬ﺷﺤﻨﺖ ﺑﻮﺳﺎطﺔ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ ‪6V‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ادﺧﻞ ﻋﺎزل ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ واﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﺎزاﻟﺖ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺎﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 60µF‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻮح اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻞ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ‪.0.5cm‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪Ck‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫= ‪1- k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=3‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪2- Qk = Ck . ∆Vk = 60×6=360µC‬‬
‫‪or Q = C .∆V =20 × 6 =120µC‬‬
‫‪Qk = k Q = 3 × 120 = 360µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪3- PE = ∆V. Q = × 6 × 120 × 10 − 6 = 360 × 10 −6 = 36 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE k = ∆Vk .Q k = × 6 × 360 × 10 −6 = 1080 × 10 −6 = 108 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪or PE k = kPE = 3 × 36 × 10 −5 = 108 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫= ‪4- E k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 1200 V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.5 × 10 − 2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /20‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ذات اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ ﺷﺤﻨﺖ ﺑﻮﺳ ﺎطﺔ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ ‪ 20V‬ﻓ ﺎذا ادﺧ ﻞ‬
‫ﻋﺎزل ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ ‪ 4‬واﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﺎزاﻟﺖ ﻣﺘ ﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ اﺻ ﺒﺤﺖ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 400µC‬اﺣ ﺴﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺰﯾﺎدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬
‫= ‪1- C k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20µF‬‬
‫‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫⇒ ‪C k = kC‬‬ ‫= ‪C= k‬‬ ‫‪= 5µF‬‬
‫‪k‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪2- Q = C.∆V =5 × 20 =100µC‬‬
‫‪Or Qk = k Q ⇒ 400 =4Q ⇒ Q =100µC‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪3-‬‬ ‫= ‪PE‬‬ ‫‪∆V. Q = × 20 × 100 × 10 −6 = 10 −3 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE k = ∆Vk .Q k = × 20 × 400 × 10 −6 = 4 × 10 −3 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪∴ ∆PE = PE k − PE = 4 × 10 −3 − 10 −3 = 3 × 10 −3 J‬‬

‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /21‬رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻰ طﺮﻓ ﻲ ﻣ ﺼﺪر ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪه ‪ 20V‬ﺛ ﻢ ادﺧ ﻞ ﻋ ﺎزل ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ ‪4‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ‪ 32×10-4J‬اﺣﺴﺐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ ‪.0.1cm‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪1- PE k‬‬ ‫‪C k .(∆VK ) 2 ⇒ 32 × 10 − 4 = C k (20) 2 ⇒ 64 × 10 −4 = 400C k‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪64 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−4‬‬

‫= ‪Ck‬‬ ‫‪= 16 × 10 −6 F = 16µF‬‬

‫‪400‬‬
‫‪Ck=k C ⇒ 16 =4C ⇒ C=4µF‬‬
‫‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫= ‪2- E k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20 × 10 3 = 20000 V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.1 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−2‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /22‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 300µc‬وﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺼﺪر ادﺧﻞ ﻋﺎزل ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ‬
‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ‪ 5‬ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ‪ 0.003J‬اﺣﺴﺐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل اذا ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ان اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪.0.2cm‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1 Q‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫) ‪(300 × 10‬‬
‫‪−6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫= ‪1- PE k‬‬ ‫‪k‬‬

‫⇒‬ ‫= ‪0.003‬‬ ‫‪⇒ 6×10-3Ck=90000×10-12‬‬
‫‪2 Ck‬‬ ‫‪2C k‬‬
‫‪90000 × 10 −12‬‬
‫= ‪Ck‬‬ ‫‪= 15 × 10 −6 F = 15µF‬‬
‫‪6 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−3‬‬

‫‪Ck =k C ⇒ 15=5C ⇒ C=3µF‬‬

‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫= ‪2- ∆Vk = k‬‬ ‫‪= 20V‬‬
‫‪Ck‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫= ‪Ek‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 10000 V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.2 × 10 − 2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /23‬اذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﻤﺼﺪر ‪ 10µF‬وﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 400µC‬ﻓﺎذا ادﺧ ﻞ‬
‫ﻋﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ‪ 2‬ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ واﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﺎزاﻟﺖ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1- Ck = k C =2 × 10 =20µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬
‫= ‪2- ∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 40V‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪Qk =k Q =2 × 400 =800µC‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE‬‬ ‫‪∆V. Q = × 40 × 400 × 10 −6 = 8000 × 10 −6 = 8 × 10 −3 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE k = ∆Vk .Q k = × 40 × 800 × 10 −6 = 16000 × 10 −6 = 16 × 10 −3 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪or PEk=kPE =2×8×10-3=16×10-3J‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /24‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 12µF‬اﻟﮭﻮاء ﻋﺎزل ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺷﺤﻨﺖ ﺑﻮﺳﺎطﺔ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ‬
‫‪ 10V‬ﺛﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ وادﺧﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ ‪ 5‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫‪Q =C . ∆V=12 × 10=120µC‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫‪Qk = Q =120µC‬‬
‫‪2- Ck =kC=5 × 12=60µF‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫‪3-‬‬ ‫= ‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 2V‬‬
‫‪Ck‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪4- PE‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V.Q‬‬ ‫‪× 10 × 120 × 10 − 6 = 6 × 10 − 4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE k = ∆Vk .Q k = × 2 × 120 × 10 − 6 = 12 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /25‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 20µF‬ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ وﻣﻔ ﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋ ﻦ اﻟﻤ ﺼﺪر وﻛ ﺎن ﻣﻘ ﺪار اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ أي ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‬
‫‪ ، 600µC‬ادﺧﻞ ﻋﺎزل ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﻓﺎزدادت ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ‪ 40µF‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ ‪.0.2cm‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1- Ck=C + ∆C =20 + 40=60µF‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫= ‪k= k‬‬ ‫‪=3‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪2- ∆Vk = k‬‬ ‫‪= 10V‬‬
‫‪Ck‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫= ‪Ek‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 5000V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.2 × 10 − 2‬‬

‫‪8‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /26‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ذات اﻟ ﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘ ﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻌ ﺔ اﻟ ﺸﻜﻞ ط ﻮل ﺿ ﻠﻊ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﻨﮭ ﺎ ‪5cm‬‬
‫وﯾﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻔﺮاغ ﻓﺈذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪ 5pF‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺴﻠﯿﻂ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻣﻘﺪاره ‪ 12V‬ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ان ﺳﻤﺎﺣﯿﺔ اﻟﻔﺮاغ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪-2‬‬ ‫‪-4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1- A=(5×10 ) =25 ×10 m‬‬
‫‪εοA‬‬ ‫‪8.85 × 10 −12 × 25 × 10 −4‬‬
‫=‪C‬‬ ‫= ‪⇒ 5 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−12‬‬

‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬
‫‪8.85 × 25 × 10 × 10‬‬
‫‪−12‬‬ ‫‪−4‬‬

‫=‪d‬‬ ‫‪= 44.25m‬‬

‫‪5 × 10 −12‬‬
‫‪2- Q= C . ∆V =5 × 12 =60PC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /27‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ذات اﻟ ﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘ ﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﺒﻌ ﺪ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤ ﺎ ‪ 0.5cm‬وﻣ ﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟ ﺼﻔﯿﺤﺔ ‪ 25cm2‬ﯾﻔ ﺼﻞ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤ ﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ ‪ 5‬رﺑﻄﺖ ﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪه اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ‪ 100V‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪25 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−4‬‬

‫‪1- C k = kε ο‬‬ ‫× ‪= 5 × 8.85 × 10 −12‬‬ ‫‪= 221.25 × 10 −13 F‬‬

‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.5 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−2‬‬

‫‪2- Qk =Ck . ∆V =221.25×10 × 100 =221.25×10-11C‬‬

‫‪-13‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪3- PE k = ∆V.Q k = × 100 × 221.25 × 10 −11 = 11062 .5 × 10 −11 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫رﺑﻂ اﻟﺘﻮازي‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /28‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=1µF,C2=4µF‬ﻣﻮﺻ ﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻓ ﺈذا ﺷ ﺤﻨﺖ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﺣﺘ ﻰ أﺻ ﺒﺢ ﻓ ﺮق‬
‫ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ 120V‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﮭﻤﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 =120V‬‬ ‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =1 × 120=120µC ,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =4 × 120 =480µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq = C1 + C2 =1 + 4 =5µF‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /29‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=2µF , C2=5µF‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي وﺷﺤﻨﺖ اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﮭﻤﺎ ﺑـ )‪. (280µC‬‬
‫اﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﻘﺪار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1- Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 5=7µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪280‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 40V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VT =∆V1 = ∆V2 =40V‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 40 = 80µC ,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =5 × 40 =200µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2- PE 1 = ∆V1 .Q1 = × 40 × 80 × 10 −6 = 16 × 10 − 4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = ∆V2 .Q 2 = × 40 × 200 × 10 − 6 = 4 × 10 −3 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /30‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=3µF,C2=5µF‬ﻣﻮﺻ ﻠﺘﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ‪ ،‬وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪھﺎ ‪12V‬‬
‫اﺣﺴﺐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ -2‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪ -3‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1- Ceq=C1 + C2 =3 + 5 =8µF‬‬
‫‪2- ∆V1 = ∆V2 = ∆VT =12V‬‬ ‫)ﺗﻮازي(‬
‫‪3- Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =3 × 12 =36µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =5 × 12 =60µC‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =36 + 60 =96µC‬‬
‫‪or‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq . ∆VT =8 × 12 =96µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /31‬ﺛﻼث ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺎت )‪ (C1=2µF,C2=6µF,C3=12µF‬ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﺛﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ اﻟ ﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ 120µC‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ -2‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1 − C eq = C1 + C 2 + C 3 = 2 + 6 + 12 = 20 F‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫= ‪2 − ∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 6V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪3 − Q1 = C1.∆V = 2 × 6 = 12µC , Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 6 × 6 = 36µC‬‬
‫‪Q 3 = C 3 .∆V = 12 × 6 = 72µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /32‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=8µF,C2=20µF‬وﺻﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﺛﻢ وﺻﻠﺘﺎ اﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ‬
‫‪ 6V‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪ -2‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1 − C eq = C1 + C 2 = 8 + 20 = 28F‬‬
‫‪Q T = C eq .∆V = 28 × 6 = 168µC , Q1 = C1 .∆V = 8 × 6 = 48µC‬‬
‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 20 × 6 = 120µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪2 − PE1‬‬ ‫‪C1 .(∆V ) 2 = × 8 × 10 −6 (6) 2 = 144 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = C 2 .(∆V ) 2 = × 20 × 10 −6 (6) 2 = 360 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE T = C eq .(∆V ) 2 = × 28 × 10 −6 (6) 2 = 504 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜـﺎل‪ /33‬رﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=2µF , C2=5µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ووﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ اﻟ ﻰ ﻣ ﺼﺪر ﻓﻜﺎﻧ ﺖ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ )‪ (96µC‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ؟‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪.0.4cm‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪Q1‬‬ ‫‪96‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 48V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪∆V2 = ∆V1 =48V‬‬ ‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫‪Q2=C2 . ∆V2 =5 × 48 =240µC‬‬
‫‪∆V1‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬
‫= ‪2- E 1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12000 V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.4 × 10 − 2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /34‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=4µF,C2=6µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮطﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي وﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ‪120µC‬‬
‫اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1- Ceq =C1 + C2 =4 + 6=10µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 12V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪∆V1 = ∆V2 = ∆VT =12V‬‬ ‫)ﺗﻮازي(‬
‫‪2- Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =4 × 12 =48µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =6 × 12=72µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪3- PE 1 = ∆V1 .Q1 = × 12 × 48 × 10 − 6 = 288 × 10 − 6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = ∆V2 .Q 2 = × 12 × 72 × 10 −6 = 432 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪PE T = PE 1 + PE 2 = 288 × 10 −6 + 432 × 10 −6 = 720 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪or‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE T = ∆VT .Q T = × 12 × 120 × 10 −6 = 720 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜـﺎل‪ /35‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=5µF,C2=10µF‬ﻣﻮﺻ ﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ وﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ‪ 200µC‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪.0.5cm‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1- Ceq =C1 + C2 =5 + 10 =15µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫‪= 40V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆V1=∆V2=∆VT=40V‬‬
‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2=10 × 40=400µC‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =200 + 400 =600µC‬‬
‫‪∆V1‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬
‫= ‪2- E 1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 8000V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.5 × 10 − 2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /36‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1,C2=20µF‬ﻣﻮﺻ ﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي وﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌ ﺔ ﻟﮭﻤ ﺎ ‪ 30µF‬واﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ )‪ 5000V/m (C1‬واﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 0.4cm‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ وﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ )‪.(C1‬‬
‫‪ -4‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1- Ceq =C1 + C2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫⇒ ‪30 = C1 + 20‬‬ ‫‪C1 = 30 − 20 = 10µF‬‬
‫‪∆V1‬‬ ‫‪∆V1‬‬
‫= ‪2- E 1‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫= ‪5000‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪∆V1 = 5000 × 4 × 10 −3 = 20V‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.4 × 10 −2‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫‪∆V1=∆V2=∆VT=20V‬‬ ‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫‪3- Q1=C1 . ∆V1=10 × 20=200µC ,‬‬ ‫‪Q2=C2 . ∆V2=20 × 20=400µC‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =200 + 400 =600µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪4- PE T = ∆VT .Q T = × 20 × 600 × 10 −6 = 6 × 10 −3 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /37‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=6µF,C2‬ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ‪ ،‬وﺻﻠﺘﺎ اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪ 72×10-6J‬واﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ 10µF‬ﺟﺪ ﻣﻘﺪار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ وﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪. C2‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1- Ceq=C1 + C2 ⇒ 10 =6 + C2‬‬ ‫‪⇒ C2=10 – 6 =4µF‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2- PE 2 = C 2 .(∆V2 ) 2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪72 × 10 −6 = × 4 × 10 −6 (∆V2 ) 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪72‬‬
‫= ‪(∆V2 ) 2‬‬ ‫‪= 36‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪∆V2 =6V‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆V2 = ∆V1 = ∆VT =6V‬‬
‫‪3- Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =6 × 6 =36µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =4 × 6=24µC‬‬
‫‪QT = Q1 + QT =36 + 24 =60µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /38‬ارﺑ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺎت )‪ (C1=4µF,C2=12µF,C3=8µF,C4=6µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي وﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪ 256×10-6J‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪ -2 .‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ وﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬
‫‪ -4‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪.0.4cm‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1- Ceq=C1 + C2 + C3 + C4 =4 + 12 + 8 + 6=30µF‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2- PE 3 = C 3 .(∆V3 ) 2 ⇒ 256 × 10 − 6 = × 8 × 10 −6 × (∆V3 ) 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪256 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−6‬‬

‫= ‪(∆V3 ) 2‬‬ ‫‪= 64 ⇒ ∆V3 = 8V‬‬

‫‪4 × 10 −6‬‬
‫‪3- ∆V1=∆V2=∆V3=∆V4=∆V4=8V‬‬
‫‪4- Q1 =C1 .∆V1 =4 × 8=32µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =12 × 8=96µC‬‬
‫‪Q3 =C3 . ∆V3 =8 × 8=64µC , Q4 =C4 . ∆V4 =6 × 8=48µC‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 =32 + 96 + 64 + 48 =240µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /39‬ارﺑﻊ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺎت ﺳﻌﺔ ﻛﻞ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻨﮭﺎ )‪ (C‬وﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ اﻟ ﻰ ﻣ ﺼﺪر ﻓ ﺮق‬
‫اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﺔ ‪ 30V‬ﻓﺎذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ 240µC‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺳﻌﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ وﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 8µF‬‬
‫‪∆VT‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪Ceq =nC ⇒ 8=4C ⇒ C=2µF‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1.∆V1=2 × 30=60µC , Q2=C2.∆V2=2 × 30 =60µC‬‬
‫‪Q3=C3.∆V3=2 × 30=60µC , Q4=C4.∆V4=2 × 30 =60µC‬‬

‫‪12‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫رﺑﻂ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /40‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=3µF,C2=6µF‬ﻣﻮﺻ ﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ إﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 60V‬اﺣﺴﺐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪= +‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪∴ Ceq=2µF‬‬
‫‪2- QT =Ceq . ∆VT =2 × 60=120µC‬‬
‫‪QT = Q1 = Q2 =120µC‬‬ ‫)ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ(‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪Q2‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫= ‪3- ∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 40V , ∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /41‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=12µF,C2=6µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮطﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ ،‬رﺑﻄﺘﺎ إﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ وﺷ ﺤﻨﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻠﯿﺔ ﻣﻘﺪارھﺎ ‪ 60µC‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ وﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1+ 2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪∴ Ceq=4µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫= ‪2- ∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 5V , ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 10V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪∆VT =∆V1 + ∆V2 =5 + 10=15V‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪3- PE 1 = ∆V1 .Q1 = × 5 × 60 × 10 −6 = 150 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = ∆V2 .Q 2 = × 10 × 60 × 10 −6 = 300 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪PET =PE1 + PE2 =150×10-6 + 300×10-6 =450×10-6J‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /42‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=6µF,C2=3µF‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ وﺷﺤﻨﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺸﺤﻨﺔ ‪ 200μC‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬ ‫‪6 × 3 18‬‬
‫= ‪1- C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 2µF‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪6+3‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫‪∆Vtotal‬‬ ‫= ‪= total‬‬ ‫‪= 100 V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺑﻤﺎ ان اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫‪2- Q1 = Q2 = Qtotal =200μC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪200 100‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪V ,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪13‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= )‪3- PE (1‬‬ ‫× ‪Q × ∆V1 = × 200 × 10 −6‬‬ ‫‪= × 10 − 2 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫× ‪PE ( 2 ) = Q × ∆V2 = × 200 × 10 −6‬‬ ‫‪= × 10 − 2 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE total = Q × ∆Vtotal = × 200 × 10 −6 × 100 = 0.01J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /43‬رﺑﻄﺖ ﺛﻼث ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺎت ﺳﻌﺎﺗﮭﺎ )‪ (C1=2μF , C2=3μF , C3=6μF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ورﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ‬
‫إﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪ 120V‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ -2‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪ -3 .‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3 + 2 +1 6‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+ +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= = 1µF ⇒ Ceq=1µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪2- QT =Ceq . ∆VT =1 × 120 = 120µC‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QT = Q1 = Q2 = Q3 =120µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫= ‪∆V = 1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 60V , ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫= ‪= 40V , ∆V3 = 3‬‬ ‫‪= 20V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE T = ∆VT .Q T = × 120 × 120 × 10 −6 = 72 × 10 − 4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /44‬رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﺛ ﻼث ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺎت ﺳ ﻌﺎﺗﮭﺎ )‪ (C1=12μF , C2=36μF , C3=18μF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ورﺑﻄ ﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪ 30V‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ اذا ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ان اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪0.2cm‬؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3 +1+ 2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= µF ⇒ Ceq=6µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪36 18‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪2- QT =Ceq . ∆VT =6 × 30 = 180µC‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QT = Q1 = Q2 = Q3 =180µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 15V , ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫= ‪= 5V , ∆V3 = 3‬‬ ‫‪= 10V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪∆V3‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫= ‪E3‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 5000V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.2 × 10 −3‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /45‬اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1,C2=24µF‬ﻣﻮﺻ ﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ إﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ وﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌ ﺔ‬
‫ﻟﮭﻤﺎ ‪ 6µF‬واﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ‪ 5000V/m‬واﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ‪ 0.3cm‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪. C1‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪= −‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪4 −1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ C1=8µF‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪24 8‬‬

‫‪14‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫‪∆V1‬‬ ‫‪∆V1‬‬
‫= ‪2- E 1‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫= ‪5000‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪∆V1 = 5000 × 3 × 10 −3 = 15V‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.3 × 10 −2‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1 . ∆V1=8 × 15=120µC‬‬
‫‪Q1 = Q2 = QT =120µC‬‬ ‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫‪Q2‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫= ‪∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 5V‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /46‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=20µF,C2=30µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮطﺘ ﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ وﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻷوﻟ ﻰ‬
‫‪ 36×10-5J‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ واﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ اذا ﻛ ﺎن اﻟﺒﻌ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪.0.1cm‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1 3+2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceq=12µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪30 60‬‬ ‫‪60 12‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫⇒ ‪PE 1 = C1 .(∆V1 ) 2‬‬ ‫‪36 × 10 −5 = × 20 × 10 − 6 × (∆V1 ) 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪(∆V1 ) = 36‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪⇒ ∆V1 =6V‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1 . ∆V1=20 × 6=120µC‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪Q1 = Q2 = QT =120µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫= ‪∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 4V‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪∆V2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫= ‪E2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4000 V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.1 × 10 − 2‬‬
‫ﺗﻮازي ﺑﻮﺟﻮد اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /47‬ﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺗﺎن ﻣ ن ذوات اﻟ ﺻﻔﯾﺣﺗﯾن اﻟﻣﺗ وازﯾﺗﯾن )‪ (C1=26µF,C2=18µF‬ﻣرﺑوطﺗ ﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺗ وازي‬
‫وﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺗﮭﻣﺎ رﺑطت ﺑﯾن ﻗطﺑﻲ ﺑطﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓرق اﻟﺟﮭد ﺑﯾن ﻗطﺑﯾﮭﺎ )‪ ، (50V‬اذا ادﺧل ﻟوح ﻣن ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ت ﻋزﻟﮭ ﺎ‬
‫)‪ (k‬ﺑ ﯾن ﺻ ﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ اﻟﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ وﻣﺎزاﻟ ت اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋ ﺔ ﻣﺗ ﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺑطﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓﻛﺎﻧ ت اﻟ ﺷﺣﻧﺔ اﻟﻛﻠﯾ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﻣوﻋ ﺔ‬
‫)‪ (3500µC‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘدار ؟‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺛﺎﺑت اﻟﻌزل )‪ -2 .(k‬اﻟﺷﺣﻧﺔ اﻟﻣﺧﺗزﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣن ﺻﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ ﻛل ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ ﺑﻌد ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻣﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻣﺎزاﻟت ﻣﺗﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺑطﺎرﯾﺔ ﻟذﻟك ‪∆VTk = ∆VT =50V‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪3500‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 70µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬
‫‪Ceqk = C1k + C2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪70 = C1k + 18‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C1k =70 – 18 =52µF‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪52‬‬
‫= ‪k = 1k‬‬ ‫‪=2‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬
‫‪2-‬‬ ‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻣرﺑوطﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺗوازي ﻟذﻟك ‪∆VTk = ∆V1k = ∆V2 =50V‬‬
‫‪Q1k = C1k . ∆V1k =52 × 50 = 2600µC ,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 = C2 . ∆V2 =18 × 50 = 900µC‬‬

‫‪15‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /48‬اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=2µF , C2=4µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮطﺘ ﺎن ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ رﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻟ ﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪر ﻟﻠﻔﻮﻟﻄﯿ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿ ﮫ ‪ ، 100V‬وﺿ ﻊ ﻋ ﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ )‪ (k‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ﺑ ﺪل‬
‫اﻟﮭﻮاء )ﻣﻊ ﺑﻘﺎء اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺼﺪر( ﻓﺎﺻ ﺒﺤﺖ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ )‪ (1600µC‬ﻓﻤ ﺎ ﻣﻘ ﺪار ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ اﻟﻌ ﺰل )‪(k‬‬
‫وﻣﺎ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪1600‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 16µF‬‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫‪C1k = C eqk − C 2 = 16 − 4 = 12µF‬‬
‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=6‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻞﺒﻗ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆V = 2 × 100 = 200µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 4 × 100 = 400µC‬‬
‫ﺪﻌﺑ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫‪Q1k = C1k .∆V = 12 × 100 = 1200µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 4 × 100 = 400µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /49‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=5µF , C2=3µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮطﺘ ﺎن ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪ . 15V‬اذا ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭ ﺎ )‪ (k‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫اﻻوﻟﻰ وﻣﺎ زاﻟﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ اﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ 270µC‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل )‪. (k‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬

‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪270‬‬

‫= ‪1) C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 18µF‬‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪C1k = C eqk − C 2 = 18 − 3 = 15µF‬‬
‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=3‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫)‪2‬‬
‫ﻞﺒﻗ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆V = 5 × 15 = 75µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 3 × 15 = 45µC‬‬
‫ﺪﻌﺑ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫‪Q1k = C1k .∆V = 15 × 15 = 225µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 3 × 15 = 45µC‬‬

‫‪16‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜـﺎل‪ /50‬رﺑط ت اﻟﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺗﺎن )‪ (C1=2µF , C2=6µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺗ وازي ووﺻ ﻠت ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺗﮭﻣ ﺎ اﻟ ﻰ ﺑطﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ رق‬
‫اﻟﺟﮭد ﺑﯾن ﻗطﺑﯾﮭﺎ ‪. 40V‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺳب ﻟﻛل ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﻘدار اﻟﺷﺣﻧﺔ اﻟﻣﺧﺗزﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣن ﺻﻔﯾﺣﺗﯾﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا ادﺧل ﻟوح ﻣن ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾﺎ ﺛﺎﺑت ﻋزﻟﮫ )‪ (4‬ﺑﯾن ﺻ ﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ اﻟﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ )ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻘ ﺎء اﻟﺑطﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻣﺗ ﺻﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ( ﻓﻣﺎ اﻟﺷﺣﻧﺔ اﻟﻣﺧﺗزﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣن ﺻﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ ﻛل ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ ﺑﻌد ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1) Q1 = C1.∆V = 2 × 40 = 80µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 6 × 40 = 240µC‬‬
‫‪2) C1k = k C1 = 4 × 2 = 8µF‬‬
‫‪Q1k = C1k .∆V = 8 × 40 = 320µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 6 × 40 = 240µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /51‬اﻟﻣﺗﺳﻌﺗﺎن )‪ (C1=2µF , C2=8µF‬ﻣرﺑوطﺗﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺗوازي ووﺻﻠت ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺗﮭﻣ ﺎ اﻟ ﻰ ﻣ ﺻدر ﻓ رق‬
‫اﻟﺟﮭد ﺑﯾن ﻗطﺑﯾﮫ ‪ 90V‬ﻓﺎذا ﻓﺻﻠت اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻋن اﻟﻣﺻدر واﺑدل اﻟﻌﺎزل ﺑﯾن ﺻ ﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ اﻟﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻌ ﺎزل اﺧ ر‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑت ﻋزﻟﮫ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﻲ )‪ (2‬ﻓﻣﺎ ﻣﻘدار ﻓرق اﻟﺟﮭد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ وﺷﺣﻧﺔ ﻛل ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ ﺑﻌد اﺑدال اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﻗﺑل اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪:‬‬
‫‪Ceq=C1 + C2 =2 + 8=10µF‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq . ∆VT =10 × 90 =900µC‬‬
‫ﺑﻌد اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪:‬‬
‫‪C1k =k C1 =2 × 2=4µF‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1k + C2 =4 + 8 =12µF‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻣﻧﻔﺻﻠﺔ ﻋن اﻟﻣﺻدر اﻟﺷﺎﺣن ﻟذﻟك ‪QTk = QT =900µC‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪900‬‬
‫= ‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 75V‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟرﺑط ﺗوازي ﻟذﻟك ‪∆VTk = ∆V1k = ∆V2 = 75V‬‬
‫‪Q1k =C1k . ∆V1k =4 × 75 =300µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =8 × 75 =600µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /52‬رﺑط ت اﻟﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺗﺎن )‪ (C1=4µF , C2=2µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺗ وازي ﺛ م ﺷ ﺣﻧت اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋ ﺔ ﺑوﺳ ﺎطﺔ ﻣ ﺻدر‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔوﻟطﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣرة وﻓﺻﻠت ﻋﻧﮫ ﻓظﮭر ﻓرق ﺟﮭد ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋ ﺔ )‪ (40V‬ﺛ م ادﺧﻠ ت ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺳ ﻣﻛﮭﺎ )‪(0.2cm‬‬
‫ﺑﯾن ﺻﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ اﻟﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ ﺑﺣﯾث ﺗﻣﻸ اﻟﺣﯾز ﺑﯾن ﺻﻔﯾﺣﺗﯾﮭﺎ ﻓﺎﺻ ﺑﺢ ﻓ رق ﺟﮭ د اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋ ﺔ )‪ (12V‬ﻓﻣ ﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ت ﻋ زل‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎزل ؟ وﻛم ﯾﺻﺑﺢ اﻟﻣﺟﺎل اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯾن ﺻﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ اﻟﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﻗﺑل اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪:‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =4 + 2=6µF‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq . ∆VT =6 × 40 =240µC‬‬
‫ﺑﻌد اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪:‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻣﻧﻔﺻﻠﺔ ﻋن اﻟﻣﺻدر ﻟذﻟك ‪QTk = QT =240µC‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1 + C2k ⇒ 20 = 4 + C2k‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C2k =20 – 4 =16µF‬‬
‫‪16‬‬
‫‪C2k =k C2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪16 = k × 2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‪k‬‬ ‫‪=8‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟرﺑط ﺗوازي ﻟذﻟك ‪∆VTk = ∆V1=∆V2k =12V‬‬
‫‪∆V2 k‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫= ‪E 2k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 6000 V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.2 × 10 −2‬‬
‫‪17‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜـﺎل‪ /53‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣ ﻦ ذوات اﻟ ﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘ ﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ )‪ (C1=2µF , C2=8µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮطﺘ ﺎن ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻓﺎذا ﺷﺤﻨﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ ﺑﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻠﯿﺔ ‪ 600µC‬ﺑﻮﺳﺎطﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻟﻠﻔﻮﻟﻄﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﺛﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻨﮫ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣ ﺴﺐ ﻟﻜ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﻘ ﺪار اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ أي ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ واﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ )‪ (k‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ﻓﮭ ﺒﻂ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ اﻟ ﻰ ‪30V‬‬
‫اﺣﺴﺐ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1) C eq = C1 + C 2 = 2 + 8 = 10µF‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 60V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆V = 2 × 60 = 120µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 8 × 60 = 480µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE1‬‬ ‫‪∆V.Q1 = × 60 × 120 × 10 −6 = 36 × 10 −4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = ∆V.Q 2 = × 60 × 480 × 10 −6 = 144 × 10 −4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪2) C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20µF‬‬
‫‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪C1k = C eqk − C 2 = 20 − 8 = 12µF‬‬
‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=6‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Q1k = C1k .∆Vk = 12 × 30 = 360µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆Vk = 8 × 30 = 240µC‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /54‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=2µF , C2=6µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي وﺷ ﺤﻨﺖ اﻟ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌ ﺔ ﻟﮭﻤ ﺎ ﺑـ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻠﯿ ﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻘ ﺪارھﺎ )‪ (960µC‬ﺑﻮﺳ ﺎطﺔ ﻣ ﺼﺪر ﻟﻠﻔﻮﻟﻄﯿ ﺔ ﺛ ﻢ ﻓ ﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻨ ﮫ ﻓﻤ ﺎ ﻣﻘ ﺪار ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ اﻟ ﺬي ﺳ ﯿﻈﮭﺮ ﻋﻠ ﻰ طﺮﻓ ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ؟ واذا وﺿﻊ ﻋﺎزل ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ اﺻﺒﺢ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﻋﻠ ﻰ طﺮﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ )‪ . (96V‬ﻣ ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰل اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C eq = C1 + C 2 = 2 + 6 = 8µF‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪960‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 120 V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪960‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 10µF‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪C1k = C eqk − C 2 = 10 − 6 = 4µF‬‬
‫‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫‪96‬‬
‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=2‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪18‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜـﺎل‪ /55‬رﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=2µF, C2=8µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي وﺷ ﺤﻨﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﺑ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻠﯿ ﺔ ﻣﻘ ﺪارھﺎ‬
‫)‪ (1000μC‬ﺑﻮﺳﺎطﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻟﻠﻔﻮﻟﻄﯿﺔ ﺛﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻨﮫ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ؟ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا اﺳﺘﺒﺪل اﻟﮭﻮاء ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ﺑﻤﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ )‪ (6‬ﻓﻜﻢ ﺗ ﺼﺒﺢ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ أي‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1) C eq = C1 + C 2 = 2 + 8 = 10µF‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪1000‬‬
‫= ‪∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 100V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆V = 2 × 100 = 200µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 8 × 100 = 800µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE1‬‬ ‫‪∆V.Q1 = × 100 × 200 × 10 −6 = 10 −2 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = ∆V.Q 2 = × 100 × 800 × 10 −6 = 4 × 10 −2 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2) C1k = k C1 = 6 × 2 = 12µF‬‬
‫‪C eqk = C1k + C 2 = 12 + 8 = 20µF‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪1000‬‬
‫= ‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 50V‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪Q1k = C1k .∆Vk = 12 × 50 = 600µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆Vk = 8 × 50 = 400µC‬‬

‫‪19‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /56‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=3µF , C2=2µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي وﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ اﻟ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌ ﺔ ﻟﮭﻤ ﺎ ﺑ ـ )‪(180µC‬‬
‫ﺑﻮﺳﺎطﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻟﻠﻔﻮﻟﻄﯿﺔ ﺛﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻨﮫ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣ ﺴﺐ ﻟﻜ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﻘ ﺪار اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ أي ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ واﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ )‪ (6‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ﻓﻤ ﺎ ﻣﻘ ﺪار اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1) C eq = C1 + C 2 = 3 + 2 = 5µF‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬
‫= ‪∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 36V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆V = 3 × 36 = 108µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 2 × 36 = 72µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE1‬‬ ‫‪∆V.Q1 = × 36 × 108 × 10 −6 = 1944 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = ∆V.Q 2 = × 36 × 72 × 10 −6 = 1296 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2) C 2 k = k C 2 = 6 × 2 = 12µF‬‬
‫‪C eqk = C1 + C 2 k = 3 + 12 = 15µF‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬
‫= ‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12V‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1. ∆Vk = 3 × 12 = 36µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 K = C 2 K .∆Vk = 12 × 12 = 144µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE1‬‬ ‫‪∆Vk . Q1 = × 12 × 36 × 10 −6 = 216 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2k‬‬ ‫‪= ∆Vk .Q 2 k = × 12 × 144 × 10 −6 = 864 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪20‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /57‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=2µF , C2=3µF‬ﻣﻮﺻ ﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي وﺷ ﺤﻨﺖ اﻟ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌ ﺔ ﻟﮭﻤ ﺎ ﺑ ـ‬
‫)‪ (400µC‬ﺑﻮﺳﺎطﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻟﻠﻔﻮﻟﻄﯿ ﺔ ﺛ ﻢ ﻓ ﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻨ ﮫ ‪ .‬اﺳ ﺘﻌﻤﻠﺖ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ﺑ ﺪﻻ ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫اﻟﮭﻮاء ﻓﮭﺒﻂ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﺑﻤﻘ ﺪار ‪ 60V‬ﻓﻤ ﺎ ﻣﻘ ﺪار ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ اﻟﻌ ﺰل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ وﻣ ﺎ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ أي ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C eq = C1 + C 2 = 2 + 3 = 5µF‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬
‫= ‪∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 80V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫ﺪﻌﺑ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫‪∆Vk = ∆V − 60 = 80 − 60 = 20V‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20µF‬‬
‫‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪C 2 k = C eqk − C1 = 20 − 2 = 18µF‬‬
‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=6‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆Vk = 2 × 20 = 40µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 k = C 2 k .∆Vk = 18 × 20 = 360µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /58‬رﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=12µF , C2=8µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي وﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ ﺑ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻣﻘ ﺪارھﺎ‬
‫‪ 240µC‬ﺑﻮﺳﺎطﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻟﻠﻔﻮﻟﻄﯿﺔ ﺛﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻨﮫ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا اﺳ ﺘﺒﺪل اﻟﮭ ﻮاء ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻌ ﺎزل اﺧ ﺮ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ )‪ (k‬اﺻ ﺒﺢ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ‪6V‬‬
‫اﺣﺴﺐ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل )‪. (k‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1) C eq = C1 + C 2 = 12 + 8 = 20µF‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆V = 12 × 12 = 144µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 8 × 12 = 96µC‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪2) C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 40µF‬‬
‫‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪C1k = C eqk − C 2 = 40 − 8 = 32µF‬‬
‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=3‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫‪21‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /59‬ﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺗﺎن ﺳ ﻌﺔ ﻛ ل واﺣ دة ﻣﻧﮭﻣ ﺎ ‪ 2µF‬وﺻ ﻠﺗﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺗ وازي ﺛ م وﺻ ﻠﺗﺎ اﻟ ﻰ ﺑطﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ رق اﻟﺟﮭ د ﺑ ﯾن‬
‫ﻗطﺑﯾﮭ ﺎ ‪ 50V‬اﺣ ﺳب ﻟﻛ ل ﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟ ﺷﺣﻧﺔ اﻟﻣﺧﺗزﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ أي ﻣ ن ﺻ ﻔﯾﺣﺗﯾﮭﺎ ﻓ ﺎذا ﻓ ﺻﻠت اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋ ﺔ ﻋ ن اﻟﺑطﺎرﯾ ﺔ‬
‫ووﺿ ﻊ ﻋ ﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑ ت ﻋزﻟ ﮫ )‪ (3‬ﺑ ﯾن ﺻ ﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ اﻟﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾ ﺔ ﻓﻣ ﺎ ﻣﻘ دار ﻓ رق اﻟﺟﮭ د ﺑ ﯾن ﺻ ﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ ﻛ ل ﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺔ ﺑﻌ د‬
‫ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل واﻟﺷﺣﻧﺔ اﻟﻣﺧﺗزﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣن ﺻﻔﯾﺣﺗﯾﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆V = 2 × 50 = 100µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q1 = C1.∆V = 2 × 50 = 100µC‬‬
‫ﺪﻌﺑ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫‪Q T = Q1 + Q 2 = 100 + 100 = 200µC = Q Tk‬‬
‫‪C 2 k = k C 2 = 3 × 2 = 6µF‬‬
‫‪C eqk = C1 + C 2 k = 2 + 6 = 8µF‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫= ‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 25V = ∆V1 = ∆V2 k‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆Vk = 2 × 25 = 50µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 k = C1k .∆Vk = 6 × 25 = 150µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /60‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﺳﻌﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ‪ 2µF‬وﺻﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﺛﻢ ﺷﺤﻨﺖ اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﮭﻤﺎ ﺑـﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻠﯿﺔ ﻣﻘﺪارھﺎ‬
‫)‪ (120µC‬ﺑﻮﺳﺎطﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻟﻠﻔﻮﻟﻄﯿ ﺔ ﺛ ﻢ ﻓ ﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻨ ﮫ ﻓ ﺎذا ادﺧ ﻞ ﻟ ﻮح ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿ ﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ )‪ (k‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ھﺒﻂ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ‪ 18V‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓ ﻲ أي ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C eq = n C = 2 × 2 = 4µF‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫= ‪∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 30V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫ﺪﻌﺑ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫‪Q Tk = Q T = 120µC‬‬
‫‪∆Vk = ∆V − 18 = 30 − 18 = 12V‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 10µF‬‬
‫‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪C 2 k = C eqk − C1 = 10 − 2 = 8µF‬‬
‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=4‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆V1 = 2 × 12 = 24µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 k .∆Vk = 8 × 12 = 96µC‬‬

‫‪22‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /61‬رﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=8µF,C2=4µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﺛ ﻢ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺖ اﻟ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌ ﺔ ﻟﮭﻤ ﺎ ﺑ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻠﯿ ﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪارھﺎ ‪ 240µC‬ﺑﻮﺳﺎطﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻟﻠﻔﻮﻟﻄﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﺛﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻨﮫ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ )‪ (2‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ﻓﻤ ﺎ ﻣﻘ ﺪار اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ أي‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ إدﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1 − C eq = C1 + C 2 = 8 + 4 = 12µF‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆V = 8 × 20 = 160µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q1 = C 2 .∆V = 4 × 20 = 80µC‬‬
‫‪2 − C1k = kC1 = 2 × 8 = 16µF‬‬
‫‪C eq = C1k + C 2 = 16 + 4 = 20µF‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12V‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪∴ Q1k = C1k .∆Vk = 16 × 12 = 192µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 4 × 12 = 48µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /62‬رﺑط ت اﻟﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺗﺎن )‪ (C1=2µF , C2=8µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺗ وازي وﺷ ﺣﻧﺔ ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺗﮭﻣ ﺎ ﺑ ﺷﺣﻧﺔ ﻣﻘ دارھﺎ‬
‫‪ 100µC‬ﺑوﺳﺎطﺔ ﻣﺻدر ﻟﻔرق اﻟﺟﮭد ﺛم ﻓﺻﻠت ﻋﻧﮫ اﺣﺳب ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺷﺣﻧﺔ اﻟﻣﺧﺗزﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣن ﺻﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ ﻛل ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا وﺿ ﻊ ﻟ وح ﻣ ن ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ت ﻋزﻟ ﮫ )‪ (6‬ﺑ ﯾن ﺻ ﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ اﻟﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ﻓﻣ ﺎ ﻓ رق ﺟﮭ د اﻟﻛﻠ ﻲ واﻟطﺎﻗ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗزﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺟﺎل اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯾن ﺻﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ ﻛل ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1) C eq = C1 + C 2 = 2 + 8 = 10µF‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫= ‪∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 10V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆V = 2 × 10 = 20µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 8 × 10 = 80µC‬‬
‫‪2) C1k = k C1 = 6 × 2 = 12µF‬‬
‫‪C eqk = C1k + C 2 = 12 + 8 = 20µF‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫= ‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 5V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE1‬‬ ‫‪C1 .(∆Vk ) 2 = × 12 × 10 −6 × (5) 2 = 6 × 10 −6 × 25 = 150 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2k‬‬ ‫‪= C 2 .(∆Vk ) 2 = × 8 × 10 −6 × (5) 2 = 4 × 10 −6 × 25 = 100 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪23‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /63‬رﺑط ت اﻟﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺗﺎن )‪ (C1=2µF , C2=3µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺗ وازي وﺷ ﺣﻧﺔ ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺗﮭﻣ ﺎ ﺑ ﺷﺣﻧﺔ ﻣﻘ دارھﺎ‬
‫‪ 60µC‬ﺑوﺳﺎطﺔ ﻣﺻدر ﻟﻔرق اﻟﺟﮭد ﺛم ﻓﺻﻠت ﻋﻧﮫ اﺣﺳب ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺷﺣﻧﺔ اﻟﻣﺧﺗزﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣن ﺻﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ ﻛل ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ واﻟطﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻣﺧﺗزﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺟﺎل اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯾن ﺻﻔﯾﺣﺗﯾﮭﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا وﺿﻊ ﻟوح ﻣن ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﺑت ﻋزﻟﮫ )‪ (6‬ﺑﯾن ﺻﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ اﻟﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ ﻓﻣﺎ ﻓرق ﺟﮭد ﻛل ﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺔ ﺑﻌ د اﻟﻌ ﺎزل‬
‫واﻟطﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻣﺧﺗزﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺟﺎل اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯾن ﺻﻔﯾﺣﺗﯾﮭﺎ ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1) C eq = C1 + C 2 = 2 + 3 = 5µF‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫= ‪∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆V = 2 × 12 = 24µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 3 × 12 = 36µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE1‬‬ ‫‪C1.(∆V ) 2 = × 2 × 10 −6 × (12) 2 = 144 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = C 2 .(∆V ) 2 = × 3 × 10 −6 × (12) 2 = 216 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2) C 2 k = k C 2 = 6 × 3 = 18µF‬‬
‫‪C eqk = C1 + C 2 k = 2 + 18 = 20µF‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫= ‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 5V = ∆V1 = ∆V2 k‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE1‬‬ ‫‪C1.(∆Vk ) 2 = × 2 × 10 −6 × (5) 2 = 25 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 k = C 2 .(∆Vk ) 2 = × 18 × 10 −6 × (5) 2 = 225 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /64‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=4µF , C2=6µF‬ﻣﻮﺻ ﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ ‪ 80V‬ﻓ ﺎذا ﻓ ﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻋ ﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ وادﺧ ﻞ ﻋ ﺎزل ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ھ ﺒﻂ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻰ ‪ 50V‬ﺟﺪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C eq = C1 + C 2 = 4 + 6 = 10µF‬‬
‫‪Q T = C eq .∆V = 10 × 80 = 800µC‬‬
‫ﺪﻌﺑ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫‪Q Tk = Q T = 800µC‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 16µF‬‬
‫‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬
‫‪C 2 k = C eqk − C1 = 16 − 4 = 12µF‬‬
‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=2‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆Vk = 4 × 50 = 200µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 k = C 2 k .∆Vk = 12 × 50 = 600µC‬‬

‫‪24‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /65‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=4µF , C2=6µF‬ﻣﻮﺻ ﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ ‪ 60V‬ﻓ ﺎذا ﻓ ﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻋ ﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ وادﺧ ﻞ ﻋ ﺎزل ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ھ ﺒﻂ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ‪ 45V‬ﺟﺪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C eq = C1 + C 2 = 4 + 6 = 10µF‬‬
‫‪Q T = C eq .∆V = 10 × 60 = 600µC‬‬
‫ﺪﻌﺑ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫‪Q Tk = Q T = 600µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪= ∆VT − 45 = 60 − 45 = 15V‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 40µF‬‬
‫‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪C 2 k = C eqk − C1 = 40 − 4 = 36µF‬‬
‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=6‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆Vk = 4 × 15 = 60µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2k = C 2 k .∆Vk = 36 × 15 = 540µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /66‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=4µF , C2=2µF‬ﻣﻮﺻ ﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ اﻟ ﻰ ﻣ ﺼﺪر ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮫ ‪ 100V‬ﻓﺎذا ﻓﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر وادﺧﻞ ﻋ ﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ )‪ (k‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ھ ﺒﻂ‬
‫ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﺑﻤﻘ ﺪار ‪ 40V‬ﺟ ﺪ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ اﻟﻌ ﺰل واﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ أي ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌ ﺪ ادﺧ ﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C eq = C1 + C 2 = 4 + 2 = 6µF‬‬
‫‪Q T = C eq .∆V = 6 × 100 = 600µC‬‬
‫ﺪﻌﺑ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫‪Q Tk = Q T = 600µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪= ∆VT − 40 = 100 − 40 = 60V‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 10µF‬‬
‫‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫‪C 2 k = C eqk − C1 = 10 − 4 = 6µF‬‬
‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=3‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆Vk = 4 × 60 = 240µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 k = C 2 k .∆Vk = 6 × 60 = 360µC‬‬

‫‪25‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /67‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=15µF , C2=30µF‬ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﺛﻢ وﺻﻠﺘﺎ اﻟﻰ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮫ ‪ 100V‬ﻓﺎذا ﻓﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر وادﺧﻞ ﻋﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ )‪ (k‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ھ ﺒﻂ‬
‫ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻰ ‪ 75V‬ﺟﺪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C eq = C1 + C 2 = 15 + 30 = 45µF‬‬
‫‪Q T = C eq .∆V = 45 × 100 = 4500µC‬‬
‫ﺪﻌﺑ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫‪Q Tk = Q T = 4500µC‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪4500‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 60µF‬‬
‫‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬
‫‪C1k = C eqk − C 2 = 60 − 30 = 30µF‬‬
‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=2‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1K .∆Vk = 30 × 75 = 2250µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆Vk = 30 × 75 = 2250µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /68‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=5µF,C2=15µF‬ﻣﻮﺻ ﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﺷ ﺤﻨﺘﺎ ﺑﻮﺳ ﺎطﺔ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﺑ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻠﯿ ﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪارھﺎ ‪ 1000µC‬ﺛﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭ ﺎ )‪ (k‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ اﻧﺨﻔ ﺾ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ اﻟ ﻰ‬
‫‪ 20V‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل )‪ (k‬واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪`1 − C eq = C1 + C 2 = 5 + 15 = 20µF‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪1000‬‬
‫= ‪∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 50 V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆V = 5 × 50 = 250µF‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 15 × 50 = 750µC‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪1000‬‬
‫= ‪2 − C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 50µF‬‬
‫‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪C 2 k = C eqk − C1 = 50 − 5 = 45µF‬‬
‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬
‫=‪∴ k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=3‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE1‬‬ ‫‪C1.(∆Vk ) 2 = × 5 × 10 −6 (20) 2 = 10 −3 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 k‬‬ ‫‪= C 2 k .(∆Vk ) 2 = × 45 × 10 −6 (20) 2 = 9 × 10 −3 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪26‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /69‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=2µF,C2=8µF‬ﻣﻮﺻ ﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ ‪ 24V‬ﻓ ﺎذا ادﺧ ﻞ ﻟ ﻮح ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭ ﺎ )‪ (k‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ واﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻣﺎزاﻟ ﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺎزدادت اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ‪ 48µC‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل )‪.(k‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ إدﺧﺎل اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1 − C eq = C1 + C 2 = 2 + 8 = 10µF‬‬
‫‪Q T = C eq .∆V = 10 × 24 = 240µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q Tk = Q T + 48 = 240 + 48 = 288µF‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪288‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12µF‬‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫‪C1k = C eqk − C 2 = 12 − 8 = 4µF‬‬
‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫=‪∴ k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=2‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1 − Q1 = C1 .∆V = 2 × 24 = 48µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 8 × 24 = 192µC‬‬
‫‪Q1k = C1k .∆V = 4 × 24 = 96µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 8 × 24 = 192µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /70‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=8µF,C2=16µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮطﺘ ﺎن ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻓ ﺎذا ﺷ ﺤﻨﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻠﯿﺔ ﻣﻘﺪارھﺎ ‪ 480µC‬ﺑﻮﺳﺎطﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻟﻠﻔﻮﻟﻄﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﺛﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻨﮫ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣ ﺴﺐ ﻟﻜ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ أي ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ واﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ )‪ (2‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ﻓﻤ ﺎ ﻣﻘ ﺪار اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ أي ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ إدﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1 − C eq = C1 + C 2 = 8 + 16 = 24µF‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪480‬‬
‫= ‪∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20 V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆V = 8 × 20 = 160µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 16 × 20 = 320µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE1‬‬ ‫‪∆V.Q1 = × 20 × 160 × 10 −6 = 16 × 10 −4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = ∆V.Q 2 = × 20 × 320 × 10 −6 = 32 × 10 −4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2 − C 2 k = kC 2 = 2 × 16 = 32µF‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪480‬‬
‫‪C eqk = C1 + C 2 k = 8 + 32 = 40µF‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12V‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆Vk = 8 × 12 = 96µC , Q 2 k = C 2 k .∆Vk = 32 × 12 = 384µF‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE1‬‬ ‫‪∆Vk .Q1 = × 12 × 96 × 10 −6 = 576J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 k‬‬ ‫‪= ∆Vk .Q 2 k = × 12 × 384 × 10 −6 = 2304 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪27‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /71‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=4µF,C2=8µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﺛ ﻢ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ ﺑ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻠﯿ ﺔ ﻣﻘ ﺪارھﺎ‬
‫‪ 600µC‬ﺑﻮﺳﺎطﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻟﻠﻔﻮﻟﻄﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﺛﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻨﮫ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣ ﺴﺐ ﻟﻜ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ أي ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ واﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ )‪ (k‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ اﻧﺨﻔ ﺾ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪھﺎ اﻟ ﻰ ‪ 30V‬ﻓﻤ ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ )‪ (k‬واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ إدﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1 − C eq = C1 + C 2 = 4 + 8 = 12µF‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 50V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆V = 4 × 50 = 200µC , Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 8 × 50 = 400µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE1‬‬ ‫‪∆V.Q1 = × 50 × 200 × 10 −6 = 5 × 10 −3 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = ∆V.Q 2 = × 50 × 400 × 10 −6 = 10 −2 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪2 − C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTK‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪C1k = C eqk − C 2 = 20 − 8 = 12µF‬‬
‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=3‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V2 = 8 × 30 = 240µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /72‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=6µF,C2=12µF‬ﻣﻮﺻ ﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ‪ ،‬ﺷ ﺤﻨﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ ﺑ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻠﯿ ﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪارھﺎ ‪ 540µC‬ﺑﻮﺳﺎطﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻟﻠﻔﻮﻟﻄﯿﺔ ﺛﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻨﮫ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ )‪ (k‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ اﻧﺨﻔ ﺾ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻰ ‪ 18V‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل ؟ وﻣﺎ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1 − C eq = C1 + C 2 = 6 + 12 = 18µF‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪540‬‬
‫= ‪∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 30V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1 .∆V = 6 × 30 = 180µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 12 × 30 = 360µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE1‬‬ ‫‪∆V.Q1 = × 30 × 180 × 10 −6 = 27 × 10 −4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = ∆V.Q 2 = × 30 × 360 × 10 −6 = 54 × 10 −4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪28‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫‪2 − ∆VTk = ∆V1k = 18V‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪540‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 30µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪C1k = C eqk − C 2 = 30 − 12 = 18µF‬‬
‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=3‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪Q1k = C1k .∆V1k = 18 × 18 = 324µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V2 = 12 × 18 = 216µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /73‬وﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=2µF,C2=4µF‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﺛﻢ وﺻﻠﺘﺎ اﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ‬
‫‪. 50V‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا ﻓﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻋ ﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ وادﺧ ﻞ ﻟ ﻮح ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭ ﺎ )‪ (k‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ‬
‫اﻧﺨﻔﺾ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻰ ‪ 30V‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل )‪(k‬؟ وﻣﺎ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1 − C eq = C1 + C 2 = 2 + 4 = 6µF‬‬
‫‪Q T = C eq .∆VT = 6 × 50 = 300µC‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1 .∆V = 2 × 50 = 100µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 4 × 50 = 200µC‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫= ‪2 − C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 10µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪C 2 k = C eqk − C1 = 10 − 2 = 8µF‬‬
‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=2‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1 .∆V1 = 2 × 30 = 60µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 k = C 2 k .∆V2 k = 8 × 30 = 240µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /74‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣ ﻦ ذوات اﻟ ﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘ ﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ )‪ (C1=6µF,C2=2µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮطﺘ ﺎن ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮازي وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ رﺑﻄﺖ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ )‪ ، (12V‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻘﺪار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻋﺎزل ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ )‪ (2‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ )ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻘ ﺎء اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ طﺮﻓ ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ( ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ إدﺧﺎل اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1 − Q1 = C1.∆V = 6 × 12 = 72µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 2 × 12 = 24µC‬‬
‫‪Q T = Q1 + Q 2 = 72 + 24 = 96µC‬‬
‫‪C1k = kC1 = 2 × 6 = 12µF‬‬
‫‪Q1k = C1k .∆V = 12 × 12 = 144µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 2 × 12 = 24µC‬‬
‫‪Q Tk = Q1k + Q 2 = 144 + 24 = 168µC‬‬

‫‪29‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /75‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﻦ ذوات اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾ ﺔ )‪ (C1=4µF,C2=6µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮطﺘ ﺎن ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي‬
‫وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ رﺑﻄﺖ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ )‪ (20V‬ﺛﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻨﮭﺎ ‪ ،‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻘﺪار ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻋﺎزل ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ )‪ (k‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻓﮭﺒﻂ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ اﻟﻰ ‪ 5V‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل )‪ (k‬وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1 − C eq = C1 + C 2 = 4 + 6 = 10µC‬‬
‫‪Q T = C eq .∆V = 10 × 20 = 200µC‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆V = 4 × 20 = 80µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 6 × 20 = 120µC‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫= ‪2 − C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 40µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪C 2 k = C eqk − C1 = 40 − 4 = 36µF‬‬
‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=6‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆V1 = 4 × 5 = 20µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 k = C 2 k .∆V2 k = 36 × 5 = 180µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /76‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=6µF,C2=12µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮطﺘﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒ ﻲ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 6V‬ﻓﺎذا ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿ ﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭ ﺎ )‪ (k‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ‬
‫وﻣﺎزاﻟﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺎزدادت اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻰ ‪ 180µC‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ )‪.(k‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬
‫= ‪1 − C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 30µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪C1k = C eqk − C 2 = 30 − 12 = 18µF‬‬
‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=3‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪2 − Q1 = C1.∆V = 6 × 6 = 36µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 12 × 6 = 72µC‬‬
‫‪Q1k = C1k .∆V = 18 × 6 = 108µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 12 × 6 = 72µC‬‬

‫‪30‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /77‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=3µF,C2=2µF‬رﺑﻄﺘ ﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﺛ ﻢ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺖ اﻟ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌ ﺔ ﻟﮭﻤ ﺎ ﺑ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻠﯿ ﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻘ ﺪارھﺎ ‪ 120µC‬ﺑﻮﺳ ﺎطﺔ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﺛ ﻢ ﻓ ﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻨﮭ ﺎ وادﺧ ﻞ ﻟ ﻮح ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭ ﺎ )‪ (6‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C 2 k = kC 2 = 6 × 2 = 12µF‬‬
‫‪C eqk = C1 + C 2 k = 3 + 12 = 15µF‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫= ‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 8V‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆Vk = 3 × 8 = 24µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 k = C 2 k .∆Vk = 12 × 8 = 96µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE1‬‬ ‫‪∆Vk .Q1 = × 8 × 24 × 10 −6 = 96 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 k = ∆Vk .Q 2 k = × 8 × 96 × 10 −6 = 384 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /78‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=14µF,C2=16µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﺛ ﻢ رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ اﻟ ﻰ ﻣ ﺼﺪر ﻓ ﺮق‬
‫اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮫ ‪. 5V‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ )‪ (k‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ واﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻣﺎزاﻟ ﺖ ﻣﺘ ﺼﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺎزدادت اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻰ ‪ 390µC‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌ ﺰل ؟ وﻣ ﺎ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌ ﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎزل؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1 − C eq = C1 + C 2 = 14 + 16 = 30µF‬‬
‫‪Q T = C eq .∆V = 30 × 5 = 150µC‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1 .∆V = 14 × 5 = 70µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 16 × 5 = 80µC‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪390‬‬
‫= ‪2 − C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 78µF‬‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪C 2 k = C eqk‬‬ ‫‪− C1 = 78 − 14 = 64µF‬‬
‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪64‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=4‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1 .∆V = 14 × 5 = 70µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 k = C 2 k .∆V = 64 × 5 = 320µC‬‬

‫‪31‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /79‬اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=12µF,C2=3µF‬ﻣﻮﺻ ﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ‪. 300µC‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا ﻓﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ وادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿ ﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭ ﺎ )‪ (k‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ اﻧﺨﻔﺾ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻰ ‪ 10V‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل )‪ (k‬؟ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1 − C eq = C1 + C 2 = 12 + 3 = 15µF‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫= ‪∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆V = 12 × 20 = 240µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 3 × 20 = 60µC‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫= ‪2 − C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 30µF‬‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪C 2 k = C eqk‬‬ ‫‪− C1 = 30 − 12 = 18µF‬‬
‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=6‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆V = 12 × 10 = 120µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 k = C 2 k .∆V = 18 × 10 = 180µC‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /80‬ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺗﺎن ﻣن ذوات اﻟ ﺻﻔﯾﺣﺗﯾن اﻟﻣﺗ وازﯾﺗﯾن )‪ (C1=6µF , C2=14µF‬ﻣرﺑوطﺗ ﺎن ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﺿﮭﻣﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬

‫اﻟﺗ وازي وﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺗﮭﻣ ﺎ رﺑط ت اﻟ ﻰ طرﻓ ﻲ ﺑطﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ رق اﻟﺟﮭ د ﺑ ﯾن ﻗطﺑﯾﮭ ﺎ )‪ ، (30V‬ﻓ ﺎذا ﻓ ﺻﻠت اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋ ﺔ ﻋ ن‬
‫اﻟﺑطﺎرﯾﺔ ﺛم ادﺧل ﻟوﺣﺎ ﻣن ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ت ﻋزﻟﮭ ﺎ )‪ (k‬ﺑ ﯾن ﺻ ﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ اﻟﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ھ ﺑط ﻓ رق ﺟﮭ د اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻣﻘدار )‪ (18V‬ﻓﻣﺎ ﻣﻘدار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺷﺣﻧﺔ اﻟﻣﺧﺗزﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣن ﺻﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ ﻛل ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ ﺑﻌد ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺛﺎﺑت اﻟﻌزل اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﻗﺑل اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =6 + 14 =20µF‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq . ∆VT =20 × 30 =600µC‬‬
‫ﺑﻌد اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫‪QTk = QT =600µC‬‬
‫‪∆Vk =∆V – 18 =30 – 18 =12V‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 50µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1k + C2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪50 =C1k + 14‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C1k =50 – 14 =36µF‬‬
‫‪C1k =kC1 ⇒ 36 =k × 6‬‬ ‫‪⇒ k =6‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟرﺑط ﺗوازي ﻟذﻟك ‪∆VTk =∆V1k = ∆V2 =12V‬‬
‫‪Q1k =C1k . ∆V1k =36 × 12 =432µC‬‬
‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =14 × 12 =168µC‬‬

‫‪32‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /81‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﻦ ذوات اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾﺔ )‪ (C1=4µF , C2=6µF‬ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي‬
‫ﺛﻢ وﺻﻠﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪. 40V‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا ﻓﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﺛﻢ وﺿﻊ ﻋﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ ‪ 6‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ﺑﺤﯿ ﺚ ﯾﻤ ﻸ اﻟﺤﯿ ﺰ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ ﻓﻜﻢ ﯾﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1- ∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 =40V‬‬ ‫)ﺗﻮازي(‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =4 × 40 = 160µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =6 × 40 =240µC‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =160 + 240 =400µC‬‬
‫‪2- C2k =k C2 =6 × 6 =36µF‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1 + C2k =4 + 36 =40µC‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = QT =400µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬
‫= ‪∆VTk = Tk‬‬ ‫‪= 10V‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk = ∆V1 = ∆V2k =10V‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 .∆V1 =4 ×10=40V , QTk =C2k . ∆V2k =36 × 10 =360µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜـﺎل‪ /82‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣ ﻦ ذوات اﻟ ﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘ ﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ )‪ (C1=2µF , C2=8µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮطﺘ ﺎن ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻓﺎذا ﺷﺤﻨﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ ﺑﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻠﯿﺔ ‪ 600µC‬ﺑﻮﺳﺎطﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻟﻠﻔﻮﻟﻄﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﺛﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻨﮫ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا ﻓﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻋ ﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ وادﺧ ﻞ ﻟ ﻮح ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ )‪ (k‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ‬
‫ازدادت ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ‪ 240µC‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل )‪.(k‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1- Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 8 =10µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 60V = ∆V1 = ∆V2‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 1 = C1 .(∆V1 ) 2 = × 2 × 10 −6 × (60) 2 = 36 × 10 − 4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = C 2 .(∆V2 ) 2 = × 8 × 10 −6 × (60) 2 = 144 × 10 − 4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2-‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 60 =120µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =8 × 60=480µC‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = QT =600µC‬‬
‫‪Q1k=Q1 + 240 =120 + 240 =360µC‬‬ ‫‪, Q2 =QTk – Q1 =600 – 360 =240µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 30V =∆V1k‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪Q 1k‬‬ ‫‪360‬‬
‫= ‪C1 k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12µF‬‬
‫‪∆V1k‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪C1k = k C1‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪12 =k × 2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‪k‬‬ ‫‪=6‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪33‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /83‬اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=2µF , C2=4µF‬ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ ‪ ،‬وﺿ ﻊ ﻋ ﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ‬
‫)‪ (6‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ﺑﺪل اﻟﮭﻮاء ﺛﻢ وﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻤﺼﺪر ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ )‪ (1600µC‬ﻓﻤ ﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪:‬‬
‫‪C1k =k C1 =6 × 2=12µF‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1k + C2 =12 + 4 =16µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪1600‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = Tk‬‬ ‫‪= 100V‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VT = ∆V1k =∆V2 =100V‬‬
‫‪Q1k =C1k . ∆V1k =12 × 100 =1200µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =4 × 100 =400µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /84‬اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ )‪ (2µF‬ﯾﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﮭﻮاء وﺿﻌﺖ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺑﺪل اﻟﮭﻮاء ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺛﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺖ‬
‫ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ )‪ (3µF‬ﺛ ﻢ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿ ﺔ )‪ (1800µC‬وﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ طﺮﻓ ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ )‪ . (120V‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰل اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = QT =1800µC‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪1800‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 15µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1k + C2 ⇒ 15 =C1k + 3‬‬ ‫‪⇒ C1k =15 – 3 =12µF‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪C1k =k C1‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪12 =k × 2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‪k‬‬ ‫‪=6‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2-‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk = ∆V1k = ∆V2 =120V‬‬
‫‪Q1k=C1k . ∆V1k =12 × 120 =1440µC‬‬
‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =3 × 120 =360µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /85‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (2µF‬واﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ )‪ (0.1cm‬رﺑﻄﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ )‪(3µF‬‬
‫ﯾﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﮭﻮاء ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ‪ .‬اﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﺖ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑ ﺪﻻ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﮭ ﻮاء ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻤﺼﺪر ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪه )‪ (20V‬ﻓﺎﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ )‪ (360µC‬ﻓﻤﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل وﺷﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ؟ ‪ -2‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk = ∆V1 = ∆V2k =20V‬‬
‫‪Q2k‬‬ ‫‪360‬‬
‫= ‪C 2k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 18µF‬‬
‫‪∆V2 k‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪18‬‬
‫‪C2k = k C2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪18 =k × 3‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‪k‬‬ ‫‪=6‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 20 =40µC‬‬
‫‪∆V1‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫= ‪2- E 1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20000 V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.1 × 10 −2‬‬

‫‪34‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /86‬ارﺑ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺎت )‪ (C1=4µF,C2=2µF,C3=8µF,C4=6µF‬وﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ‪ ،‬ﻓ ﺎذا ﺷ ﺤﻨﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻠﯿﺔ )‪ (600µC‬ﺑﻮﺳﺎطﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻟﻠﻔﻮﻟﻄﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﺛﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻨﮫ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣ ﺴﺐ ﻟﻜ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﻘ ﺪار اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ أي ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ واﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ )‪ (6‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻓﻤ ﺎ ﻣﻘ ﺪار اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ إدﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C eq = C1 + C 2 + C 3 + C 4 = 4 + 2 + 8 + 6 = 20µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 30V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1 .∆V = 4 × 30 = 120µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 2 × 30 = 60µC‬‬
‫‪Q 3 = C 3 .∆V = 8 × 30 = 240µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 4 = C 4 .∆V = 6 × 30 = 180µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE1‬‬ ‫‪∆V.Q1 = × 30 × 120 × 10 −6 = 18 × 10 −4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = ∆V.Q 2 = × 30 × 60 × 10 −6 = 9 × 10 −4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 3 = ∆V.Q 3 = × 30 × 240 × 10 −6 = 36 × 10 −4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 4 = ∆V.Q 4 = × 30 × 180 × 10 −6 = 27 × 10 −4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2 − C 3k = kC 3 = 6 × 8 = 48µF‬‬
‫‪C eqk = C1 + C 2 + C 3k + C 4 = 4 + 2 + 48 + 6 = 60µF‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 10V‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1 .∆Vk = 4 × 10 = 40µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆Vk = 2 × 10 = 20µC‬‬
‫‪Q 3k = C 3k .∆Vk = 48 × 10 = 480µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 4 = C 4 .∆Vk = 6 × 10 = 60µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE1‬‬ ‫‪∆Vk .Q1 = × 10 × 40 × 10 −6 = 2 × 10 −4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = ∆Vk .Q 2 = × 10 × 20 × 10 −6 = 10 −4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 3k = ∆Vk .Q 3k = × 10 × 480 × 10 −6 = 24 × 10 −4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 4 = ∆Vk .Q 4 = × 10 × 60 × 10 −6 = 3 × 10 −4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪35‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺜـﺎل‪ /87‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=3µF , C2=6µF‬رﺑﻄﺘ ﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ وﺷ ﺤﻨﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﺑﻤ ﺼﺪر ﺛ ﻢ ﻓ ﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻨ ﮫ‬
‫ﻓﻈﮭﺮ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ طﺮﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ )‪. (90V‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬واذا اﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﺖ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭ ﺎ )‪ (2‬وﺳ ﻤﻜﮭﺎ )‪ (0.6cm‬ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ﺑ ﺪل اﻟﮭ ﻮاء ﻓﻜ ﻢ ﯾ ﺼﺒﺢ ﻓ ﺮق‬
‫اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ؟ وﻛﻢ ھﻮ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceq =2µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq . ∆VT =2 × 90=180µC‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QT = Q1 = Q2 =180µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 60V , ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 30V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪2- C1k =k C1 =2 × 3 = 6µF‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1 1+1 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceqk=3µF‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = QT =180µC‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = Q1k = Q2 =180µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1k = 1k‬‬ ‫= ‪= 30V , ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 30V‬‬
‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪∆V1k‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫= ‪E 1k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 5000 V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.6 × 10 − 2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /88‬اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=2µF,C2=3µF‬ﻣﻮﺻ ﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ ،‬وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪24V‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ )‪ (3‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ )واﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺎزاﻟﺖ ﻣﺘ ﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ(‬
‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ إدﺧﺎل اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬ ‫‪2×3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫= ‪1 − C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 1.2µF‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪2+3‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪Q = C eq .∆VT = 1.2 × 24 = 28.8µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪28.8‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪28.8‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 14.4V ,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 9.6‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪2 − C1k = kC1 = 3 × 2 = 6µF‬‬
‫‪C1k .C 2‬‬ ‫‪6 × 3 18‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 2µF‬‬
‫‪C1k + C 2‬‬ ‫‪6+3‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫‪Q k = C eqk .∆VTk = 2 × 24 = 48µC‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬ ‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 8V‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 16V‬‬
‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪36‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /89‬ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺗﺎن ﻣن ذوات اﻟﺻﻔﯾﺣﺗﯾن اﻟﻣﺗوازﯾﺗﯾن )‪ (C1=20µF , C2=30µF‬ﻣرﺑوطﺗﺎن ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌ ﺿﮭﻣﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺗواﻟﻲ‪ .‬رﺑطت ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺗﮭﻣﺎ اﻟﻰ طرﻓﻲ ﺑطﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓرق اﻟﺟﮭد ﺑﯾن ﻗطﺑﯾﮭﺎ ‪ 30V‬وﻛ ﺎن اﻟﮭ واء ﻋ ﺎزﻻ ﺑ ﯾن ﺻ ﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ ﻛ ل‬
‫ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ ‪ ،‬ادﺧل ﻟوح ﻣن ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾ ﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ت ﻋزﻟ ﮫ ‪ 3‬ﺑ ﯾن ﺻ ﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ اﻟﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺔ ‪) C1‬ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻘ ﺎء اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋ ﺔ ﻣﺗ ﺻﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺑطﺎرﯾﺔ( اﺣﺳب ﻣﻘدار ﻓرق ﺟﮭد ﻛل ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ واﻟطﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻣﺧﺗزﻧﺔ ﻓﯾﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺑﻌد اﻟﻌﺎزل‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻗﺑل اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C1.C 2‬‬ ‫‪20 × 30‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪1 − C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12µF‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪20 + 30‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬
‫‪Q = C eq .∆VT = 12 × 30 = 360µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪360‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪360‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 18V‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE1‬‬ ‫‪∆V1 .Q = × 18 × 360 × 10 −6 = 324 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = ∆V2 .Q = × 12 × 360 × 10 −6 = 216 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2 − C1k = kC1 = 3 × 20 = 60µF‬‬
‫‪C1k .C 2‬‬ ‫‪60 × 30‬‬ ‫‪1800‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20µF‬‬
‫‪C1k + C 2‬‬ ‫‪60 + 30‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬
‫‪Q k = C eqk .∆VTk = 20 × 30 = 600µC‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 10 V‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20V‬‬
‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE1k‬‬ ‫‪∆V1k .Q k = × 10 × 600 × 10 −6 = 3 × 10 −3 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = ∆V2 .Q k = × 20 × 600 × 10 −6 = 6 × 10 −3 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /90‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣ ﻦ ذوات اﻟ ﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾ ﺔ )‪ (C1=9µF,C2=18µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮطﺘ ﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ورﺑﻄ ﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻰ ﻧﻀﯿﺪة ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪. 12V‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ )ﻣﻊ ﺑﻘﺎء اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ( ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺤﺖ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ 144µC‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceq=6µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪9 18‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq . ∆VT =6 × 12 =72µC‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QT = Q1 = Q2 =72µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 8V , ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 4V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪2-‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk = ∆VT =12V‬‬

‫‪37‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪144‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12V‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3−2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪12 18‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬
‫‪∴ C1k=36µF‬‬
‫‪36‬‬
‫‪C1k =k C1‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪36 =k × 9‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‪k‬‬ ‫‪=4‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪Q1k‬‬ ‫‪144‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪144‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4V‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 8V‬‬
‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /91‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣ ﻦ ذوات اﻟ ﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘ ﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ )‪ (C1=6µF,C2=3µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮطﺘ ﺎن ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬

‫اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ رﺑﻄﺖ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ )‪ ، (12V‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻘﺪار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻋﺎزل ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ )‪ (k‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ )ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻘ ﺎء اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ طﺮﻓ ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ( ﻓﺎزدادت اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻰ ‪ 48µC‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل؟ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬ ‫‪3 × 6 18‬‬
‫= ‪1 − C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 2µF‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪3+ 6‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫‪Q = C eq .∆VT = 2 × 12 = 24µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪= 4V , ∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 8V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬
‫= ‪2 − C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3− 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪−‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C 2 k = 12µF‬‬
‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=4‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬ ‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 8V‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2 k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫‪38‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /92‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﻦ ذوات اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾﺔ )‪ (C1=12µF,C2=6µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮطﺘﺎن ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ‬
‫وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ رﺑﻄﺖ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ )‪ (60V‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻘﺪار ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻋﺎزل ﻛﮭﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ )‪ (k‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ واﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻣﺎزاﻟ ﺖ ﻣﺘ ﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺎزدادت اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻰ ‪ 480µC‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل )‪ (k‬وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C1.C 2‬‬ ‫‪12 × 6‬‬ ‫‪12 × 6‬‬
‫= ‪1 − C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4µF‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪12 + 6‬‬ ‫)‪6(2 + 1‬‬
‫‪Q = C eq .∆VT = 4 × 60 = 240µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪= 20V , ∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 40V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪480‬‬
‫= ‪2 − C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 8µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3− 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪= −‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C 2k = 24µF‬‬
‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪8 12‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=4‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪480‬‬ ‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪480‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 40 V‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2 k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20 V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /93‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=24µF,C2=12µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮطﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒ ﻲ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 6V‬ﻓﺎذا ادﺧﻞ ﻟ ﻮح ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿ ﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭ ﺎ )‪ (k‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ‬
‫وﻣﺎزاﻟﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺎزدادت اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻰ ‪ 96µC‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ )‪.(k‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪96‬‬
‫= ‪1 − C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 16µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3− 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C 2 k = 48µF‬‬
‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬
‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=4‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪C1.C 2‬‬ ‫‪24 × 12‬‬ ‫‪24 × 12‬‬
‫= ‪2 − C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 8µF‬‬ ‫‪, Q = C eq .∆VT = 8 × 6 = 48µC‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫)‪24 + 12 12(2 + 1‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪= 2V , ∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪96‬‬ ‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪96‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4V‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2 k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 2V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬

‫‪39‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /94‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=12µF,C2=4µF‬رﺑﻄﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪. 24V‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭ ﺎ )‪ (k‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ واﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻣﺎزاﻟ ﺖ ﻣﺘ ﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺎزدادت اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻰ ‪192µC‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل )‪ (k‬وﻣﺎ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C1.C 2‬‬ ‫‪12 × 4‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬
‫= ‪1 − C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 3µF‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪12 + 4 16‬‬
‫‪Q = C eq .∆VT = 3 × 24 = 72µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 6V‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 18V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪192‬‬
‫= ‪2 − C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 8µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3− 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪= −‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C 2k = 24µF‬‬
‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪8 12‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=6‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪192‬‬ ‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪192‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 16V‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2 k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 8V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /95‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=9µF,C2=18µF‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛﻢ رﺑﻄﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻰ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮫ ‪. 6V‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ )‪ (k‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ واﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺎزاﻟ ﺖ ﻣﺘ ﺼﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺎزدادت اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻰ ‪ 72µC‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل ؟ وﻣﺎ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌ ﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎزل؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬ ‫‪9 × 18‬‬ ‫‪9 × 18‬‬
‫= ‪1 − C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 6µF‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪9 + 18‬‬ ‫)‪9(1 + 2‬‬
‫‪Q = C eq .∆VT = 6 × 6 = 36µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4V‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 2V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬
‫= ‪2 − C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3− 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C1k = 36µF‬‬
‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪12 18‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬
‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬ ‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪= 4 , ∆V1k = k‬‬ ‫‪= 2V‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫‪40‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /96‬اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=36µF,C2=18µF‬ﻣﻮﺻ ﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪.30V‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿ ﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭ ﺎ )‪ (k‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ واﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻣﺎزاﻟ ﺖ ﻣﺘ ﺼﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺎزدادت اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻰ ‪ 720µC‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل )‪ (k‬؟ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬ ‫‪36 × 18‬‬ ‫‪36 × 18‬‬
‫= ‪1 − C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12µF‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫)‪36 + 18 18(2 + 1‬‬
‫‪Q = C eq .∆VT = 12 × 30 = 360µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪360‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪360‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 10V‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪720‬‬
‫= ‪2 − C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 24µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3−2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C 2 k = 72µF‬‬
‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬
‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=4‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪720‬‬ ‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪720‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20V‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2 k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 10V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬
‫ﻣﺜـﺎل‪ /97‬رﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=20µF , C2=5µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ووﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق‬
‫اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪. 20V‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻋﺎزل ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ )‪ (k‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ )ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻘ ﺎء اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ طﺮﻓ ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ( ﻓﺎﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ 240µC‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل )‪ (k‬وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C1.C 2‬‬ ‫‪20 × 5 100‬‬
‫= ‪1 − C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4µF‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪20 + 5‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫‪Q = C eq .∆VT = 4 × 20 = 80µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪= 4V , ∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 16 V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE1‬‬ ‫‪∆V1 .Q = × 4 × 80 × 10 −6 = 16 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = ∆V2 .Q = × 16 × 80 × 10 −6 = 64 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

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‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪2 − C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪5−3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C 2 k = 30µF‬‬
‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=6‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬ ‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12V‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2 k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 8V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /98‬رﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=15µF,C2=30µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ورﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق‬
‫اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪. 24V‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ )‪ (4‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ )واﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻣﺎزاﻟﺖ ﻣﺘ ﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ(‬
‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ إدﺧﺎل اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C1.C 2‬‬ ‫‪15 × 30‬‬ ‫‪450‬‬
‫= ‪1 − C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 10µF‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪15 + 30‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬
‫‪Q = C eq .∆VT = 10 × 24 = 240µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪= 8V , ∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 16V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪2 − C1k = kC1 = 4 × 15 = 60µF‬‬
‫‪C1k .C 2‬‬ ‫‪60 × 30‬‬ ‫‪1800‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20µF‬‬
‫‪C1k + C 2‬‬ ‫‪60 + 30‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬
‫‪2 − Q k = C eqk .∆VTk = 20 × 24 = 480µC‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪480‬‬ ‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪480‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 8V‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 16V‬‬
‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬

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‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜـﺎل‪ /99‬رﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=20µF , C2=5µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ووﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق‬
‫اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪. 20V‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻋﺎزل ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ )‪ (k‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ )ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻘ ﺎء اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ طﺮﻓ ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ( ﻓﺎﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ 240µC‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل )‪ (k‬وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬ ‫‪20 × 5‬‬ ‫‪20 × 5‬‬
‫= ‪1) C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4µF‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫)‪20 + 5 5(4 + 1‬‬
‫‪Q = C eq .∆VT = 4 × 20 = 80µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4V‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 16V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE1‬‬ ‫‪∆V1 .Q = × 4 × 80 × 10 −6 = 160 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = ∆V2 .Q = × 16 × 80 × 10 −6 = 640 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪2) C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪5−3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C 2 k = 30µF‬‬
‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=6‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬ ‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12V‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2 k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 8V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /100‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=80µF , C2=20µF‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ووﺻﻠﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق‬
‫اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪. 10V‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻋﺎزل ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ )‪ (6‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ )ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻘ ﺎء اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ طﺮﻓ ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ( ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬ ‫‪80 × 20‬‬ ‫‪80 × 20‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬
‫= ‪1) C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 16µF‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪80 + 20‬‬ ‫)‪20(4 + 1‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪Q = C eq .∆VT = 16 × 10 = 160µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪160‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪160‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 2V‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 8V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬

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‫‪2) C 2 k = k C 2 = 6 × 20 = 120µC‬‬
‫‪C1 .C 2 k‬‬ ‫‪80 × 120‬‬ ‫‪80 × 120‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 48µF‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2k‬‬ ‫‪80 + 120‬‬ ‫)‪40(2 + 3‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪Q k = C eqk .∆VT = 48 × 10 = 480µC‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪480‬‬ ‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪480‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 6V‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2 k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /101‬اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=20µF , C2=60µF‬ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ وﺻ ﻠﺖ اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪. 20V‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا ادﺧ ﻞ ﻟ ﻮح ﻋ ﺎزل ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿ ﺎ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ )‪ (k‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺎزاﻟﺖ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ اﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ 600µC‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬ ‫‪20 × 60‬‬ ‫‪20 × 60‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫= ‪1) C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 15µF‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪20 + 60‬‬ ‫)‪20(1 + 3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Q = C eq .∆VT = 15 × 20 = 300µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 15V‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 5V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫‪2) ∆VTk = ∆VT = 20V‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 30µF‬‬
‫‪∆VT‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 −1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C1k = 60µF‬‬
‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫=‪∴ k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=3‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /102‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﯿﺘ ﺎن ﻣ ﻦ ذوات اﻟ ﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾ ﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ‪ 6μF‬وﺳ ﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ‪ 3μF‬رﺑﻄ ﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣ ﺼﺪر ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪه ‪ 24V‬وﻛ ﺎن اﻟﻔ ﺮاغ ﻋ ﺎزﻻ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ‪ .‬ﺛ ﻢ ﻓ ﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻋ ﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر وادﺧﻞ ﻋﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ ‪ 2‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺑﻌﺪ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻗﺒﻞ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪:‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1 1+ 2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪Ceq=2µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq . ∆VT =2 × 24 =48µC‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QT = Q1 = Q2 =48µC‬‬
‫‪Q1‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬ ‫‪Q2‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 8V ,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 16V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪:‬‬
‫‪C1k =k C1 =2 × 6=12µF‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪C2k=k C2 =2 × 3=6µF‬‬

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‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1 1+ 2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceqk=4µF‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪C2k‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = QT =48µC‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = Q1k = Q2k =48µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1k = 1k‬‬ ‫= ‪= 4V , ∆V2 k = 2 k‬‬ ‫‪= 8V‬‬
‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /103‬ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺗﺎن ﻣن ذوات اﻟﺻﻔﯾﺣﺗﯾن اﻟﻣﺗوازﯾﺗﯾن )‪ (C1=9µF , C2=18µF‬ﻣرﺑوطﺗﺎن ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺿﮭﻣﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺗواﻟﻲ وﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺗﮭﻣﺎ رﺑطت ﺑﯾن ﻗطﺑﻲ ﺑطﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓرق اﻟﺟﮭد ﺑﯾن ﻗطﺑﯾﮭﺎ )‪ ، (6V‬ادﺧ ل ﻟ وح ﻣ ن ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾ ﺎ‬
‫ﺑﯾن ﺻﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ ﻛل ﻣﻧﮭﻣﺎ ﺛﺎﺑت ﻋزﻟﮫ ‪ 2‬واﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻣﺎزاﻟت ﻣﺗﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺑطﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﻣﺎ ﻣﻘدر ﻓرق ﺟﮭد ﻛل ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺑﻌد اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻗﺑل اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﻗﺑل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪Ceq=6µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪9 18‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq . ∆VT =6 × 6=36µC‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QT = Q1 = Q2 =36µC‬‬
‫‪Q1‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪Q2‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4V ,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 2V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪C1k=kC1 =2 × 9=18µF , C2k=kC2 =2 × 18 = 36µF‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceqk=12µF‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪C2k‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪36 12‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk=∆VT =6V‬‬
‫‪QTk =Ceqk . ∆VTk =12 × 6 =72µC‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = Q1k = Q2k =72µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1k = 1k‬‬ ‫= ‪= 4V , ∆V2 k = 2 k‬‬ ‫‪= 2V‬‬
‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /104‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣ ﻦ ذوات اﻟ ﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘ ﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ )‪ (C1=6µF,C2=12µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮطﺘ ﺎن ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ ،‬رﺑﻄﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ )‪ (60V‬وﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﺮاغ ﻋﺎزﻻ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛ ﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻨﮭﻤ ﺎ ‪ .‬ادﺧ ﻞ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤ ﺎ ﻟﻮﺣ ﺎ ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ )‪ (2‬ﯾﻤ ﻶ اﻟﺤﯿ ﺰ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤ ﺎ‬
‫)وﻣﺎزاﻟﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ( ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﻗﺑل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪Ceq=4µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6 12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq . ∆VT =4 × 60=240µC‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QT = Q1 = Q2 =240µC‬‬
‫‪Q1‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 40V ,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 20V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬

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‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪C1k=kC1 =2 × 6=12µF , C2k=kC2 =2 × 12 = 24µF‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceqk=8µF‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk=∆VT =60V‬‬
‫‪QTk =Ceqk . ∆VTk =8 × 60 =480µC‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = Q1k = Q2k =480µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪480‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪480‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1k = 1k‬‬ ‫= ‪= 40V , ∆V2 k = 2 k‬‬ ‫‪= 20V‬‬
‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪C2k‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /105‬اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=10µF , C2=40µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮطﺘ ﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ رﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪ . 15V‬ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ )‪ (6‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ﻣ ﻊ‬
‫ﺑﻘﺎء اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ اﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬ ‫‪10 × 40‬‬ ‫‪10 × 40‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬
‫= ‪1) C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 8µF‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫)‪10 + 40 10(1 + 4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪Q = C eq .∆VT = 8 × 15 = 120µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12V‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 3V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬
‫‪2) C1k = k C1 = 6 × 10 = 60µC‬‬
‫‪C1k .C 2‬‬ ‫‪60 × 40‬‬ ‫‪60 × 40‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 24µF‬‬
‫‪C1k + C 2‬‬ ‫‪60 + 40‬‬ ‫)‪20(3 + 2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪Q k = C eqk .∆VT = 24 × 15 = 360µC‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪360‬‬ ‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪360‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 6V‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2 k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 9V‬‬
‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬

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‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜـــﺎل‪ /106‬ﺛ ﻼث ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺎت ﻣ ﻦ ذوات اﻟ ﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘ ﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ ﺳ ﻌﺎﺗﮭﺎ )‪(C1=6µF,C2=9µF,C3=18µF‬‬
‫رﺑﻄﺖ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛﻢ رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪.12V‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ )‪ (k‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ واﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻣﺎزاﻟ ﺖ ﻣﺘ ﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺎزدادت اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻰ ‪ 48µC‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ )‪.(k‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3 + 2 +1‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1−‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= + +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C eq = 3µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪9 18‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Q = C eq .∆VT = 3 × 12 = 36µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪= 6V , ∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪= 4V , ∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 2V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE1‬‬ ‫‪∆V1 .Q = × 6 × 36 × 10 −6 = 108 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = ∆V2 .Q = × 4 × 36 × 10 −6 = 72 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 3 = ∆V3 .Q = × 2 × 36 × 10 −6 = 36 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬
‫= ‪2 − C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪9−4−2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪− −‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ C1k = 12µF‬‬
‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪9 18‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪36 12‬‬
‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=2‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /107‬ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺗﺎن اﻻوﻟﻰ ‪ C1‬واﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ ‪ 18µF‬ﻣرﺑوطﺗ ﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺗ واﻟﻲ وﻣوﺻ وﻟﺗﺎن اﻟ ﻰ ﺑطﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ رق اﻟﺟﮭ د‬
‫ﺑﯾن ﻗطﺑﯾﮭﺎ ‪ 12V‬وﺿﻊ ﻋﺎزل ﺑﯾن ﺻﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ اﻟﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ﻓﺎزدادت ﺳﻌﺗﮭﺎ ﺑﻣﻘدار ‪ 27µF‬واﺻﺑﺣت اﻟ ﺷﺣﻧﺔ اﻟﻛﻠﯾ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌد وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪ 144µC‬ﺟد ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ )‪ (C1‬ﻗﺑل اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪ -2‬ﺛﺎﺑت اﻟﻌزل ‪ -3 k‬ﻓرق ﺟﮭد ﻛل ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ ﺑﻌد وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻣﺗﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺑطﺎرﯾﺔ ﻟذﻟك ‪∆VTk=∆VT=12V‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪144‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3−2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪C1 k‬‬ ‫‪12 18‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬
‫‪∴ C1k=36µF‬‬
‫‪C1k = C1 + ∆C‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪36 =C1 + 27‬‬ ‫‪⇒ C1 =36 – 27 =9µF‬‬
‫‪36‬‬
‫‪C1k=kC1‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪36=k × 9‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‪k‬‬ ‫‪=4‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪Q1k‬‬ ‫‪144‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪144‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4V‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2 = 2 k‬‬ ‫‪= 8V‬‬
‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪47‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /108‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن اﻻوﻟﻰ ‪ 6µF‬واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪ C2‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮطﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ وﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﺘﺎن اﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 24V‬ﺛﻢ وﺿﻊ ﻋﺎزل ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ )‪ (k‬ﻓ ﺎزدادت ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﻤﻘ ﺪار ‪ 9µF‬واﺻ ﺒﺤﺖ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪ 96µC‬ﺟﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪ C2‬ﻗﺒﻞ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ )‪(k‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪Qk‬‬ ‫‪96‬‬
‫= ‪1) C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4µF‬‬
‫‪∆VT‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫‪C1 .C 2 k‬‬ ‫‪6 C 2k‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‪4‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪6 C 2k = 24 + 4 C 2 k‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2 k‬‬ ‫‪6 + C 2k‬‬
‫‪6 C 2 k − 4 C 2 k = 24‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪2C 2 k = 24‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C 2k = 12µF‬‬
‫‪C 2k = C 2 + 9‬‬ ‫‪⇒ 12 = C 2 + 9‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C 2 = 12 − 9 = 3µF‬‬
‫‪C 2k‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫= ‪2) k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4µF‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫)‪3‬‬ ‫ﻞﺒﻗ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫‪C eq = C1 + C 2 = 6 + 3 = 9µF‬‬
‫‪Q = C eq .∆VT = 9 × 24 = 216µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1‬‬
‫‪C‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ وﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ او ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /109‬ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺗﮭﺎ )‪ (4µF‬وﺷﺣﻧﺗﮭﺎ )‪ (300µC‬وﺻ ﻠت ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺗ وازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺔ اﺧ رى ﻏﯾ ر ﻣ ﺷﺣوﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻌﺗﮭﺎ )‪ . (2µF‬اﺣﺳب ﻓرق ﺟﮭد وﺷﺣﻧﺔ ﻛل ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ ﺑﻌد اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =300 + 0 =300µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =4 + 2 =6µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 50V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟرﺑط ﺗوازي ﻟذﻟك ‪∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 =50V‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =4 × 50 =200µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =2 × 50 =100µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /110‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 6μF‬وﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪھﺎ ‪ 30V‬وﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ أﺧ ﺮى ﻏﯿ ﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ‪ 20V‬ﻣﺎ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ وﻣﺎ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =6 × 30 =180µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =0‬‬ ‫)ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ(‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =180 + 0 =180µC‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 9µF‬‬
‫‪∆VT‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬

‫‪48‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 ⇒ 9 =6 + C2‬‬ ‫‪⇒ C2 =9 – 6 =3µF‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =6 × 20 =120µC , Q2 =C2 × ∆V2 =3 × 20=60µC‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /111‬ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺗﮭﺎ )‪ (4µF‬وﻓرق ﺟﮭ دھﺎ )‪ (200V‬وﺻ ﻠت ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺗ وازي ﺑﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺔ اﺧ رى ﻏﯾ ر ﻣ ﺷﺣوﻧﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﺑﺢ ﻓرق اﻟﺟﮭد ﻋﻠﻰ طرﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ )‪ (80V‬ﻓﻣﺎ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻣﺟﮭوﻟﺔ ؟ وﻣﺎ ﺷﺣﻧﺔ ﻛل ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ ﺑﻌد وﺻﻠﮭﻣﺎ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﻗﺑل اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل ‪:‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =4 × 200 =800µC‬‬
‫)ﻏﯾر ﻣﺷﺣوﻧﺔ( ‪Q2 =0‬‬
‫ﺑﻌد اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل ‪:‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =800 + 0 = 800µC‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 10µF‬‬
‫‪∆VT‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 ⇒ 10 =4 + C2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C2 =10 – 4 =6µF‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟرﺑط ﺗوازي ﻟذﻟك ‪∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 = 80V‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =4 × 80 =320µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =6 × 80 = 480µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /112‬ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺗﺎن ﺳﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ )‪ (3µF‬وﻓ رق ﺟﮭ دھﺎ )‪ (60V‬واﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾ ﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺗﮭﺎ )‪ (5µF‬وﻓ رق ﺟﮭ دھﺎ )‪(28V‬‬
‫رﺑطﺗﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺗوازي ﻓﻣﺎ ﻓرق ﺟﮭد وﺷﺣﻧﺔ ﻛل ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ ﺑﻌد اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﻗﺑل اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل ‪:‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =3 × 60 =180µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =5 × 28 =140µC‬‬
‫ﺑﻌد اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل ‪:‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =180 + 140 =320µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =3 + 5=8µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪320‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 40V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟرﺑط ﺗوازي ﻟذﻟك ‪∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 = 40V‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =3 × 40 =120µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =5 × 40 = 200µC‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /113‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 100μF‬وﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪھﺎ ‪ 50V‬وﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ أﺧ ﺮى ﻏﯿ ﺮ‬
‫ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﻓﺄﺻ ﺒﺢ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﺑﻌ ﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻ ﯿﻞ ‪ . 20V‬ﻣ ﺎ ﺳ ﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ وﻣ ﺎ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤ ﺎ ﺑﻌ ﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =100 × 50 =5000µC‬‬
‫‪Q2 = 0‬‬ ‫)ﻻﻧﮭﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ(‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =5000 + 0 =5000µC‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪5000‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 250µC‬‬
‫‪∆VT‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2‬‬ ‫‪⇒ 250 =100 + C2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C2 =250 – 100 =150µF‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 =20V‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1 . ∆V1 =100 × 20 =2000µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 = C2 . ∆V2 = 150 × 20 = 3000µC‬‬
‫‪49‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /114‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 2μF‬وﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪھﺎ ‪ 30V‬وأﺧ ﺮى ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 3μF‬وﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪھﺎ ‪ 40V‬وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 30 =60µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =3 × 40 =120µC‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 = 60 + 120 =180µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 3 =5µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 36V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 36 =72µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =3 × 36 =108µC‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /115‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 1µF‬ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻣﻘﺪارھﺎ ‪ 400µF‬وﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﺧ ﺮى ﻏﯿ ﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 4µF‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1- QT =Q1 + Q2 =400 + 0=400µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =1 + 4=5µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 80V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 =80V‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1 . ∆V1 =1 × 80 =80µC ,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =4 × 80=320µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2- PE 1 = ∆V1 .Q1 = × 80 × 80 × 10 −6 = 32 × 10 − 4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 1 = ∆V2 .Q 2 = × 80 × 320 × 10 −6 = 128 × 10 − 4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /116‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 2µF‬وﺷ ﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 800µC‬اﺣ ﺴﺐ ﻣﻘ ﺪار اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓﯿﮭ ﺎ ‪ .‬واذا وﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﺧﺮى ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 6µF‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ وﻣﻘ ﺪار اﻟ ﻨﻘﺺ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪1 Q‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫) ‪(800 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−6‬‬
‫‪640000 × 10‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪−12‬‬

‫= ‪PE 1‬‬ ‫=‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 16 × 10 − 2 J‬‬
‫‪2 C1‬‬ ‫‪2 × 2 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−6‬‬
‫‪4 × 10 −6‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =800 + 0=800µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 6=8µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 100V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VT =∆V1 =∆V2=100V‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1 . ∆V1=2 × 100 =200µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q2=C2 . ∆V2 =6 × 100 =600µC‬‬

‫‪50‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE T‬‬ ‫‪∆VT .Q T = × 100 × 800 × 10 −6 = 4 × 10 −2 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪∆PE =PET – PE1=4×10-2 – 16×10-2 = − 12 × 10 −2 µF‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /117‬ﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺗﺎن )‪ (C1=2µF , C2=8µF‬وﻛﺎﻧ ت اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ﻣ ﺷﺣوﻧﺔ واﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾ ﺔ ﻏﯾ ر ﻣ ﺷﺣوﻧﺔ رﺑطﺗ ﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺗوازي ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺿﮭﻣﺎ ﻓﻛﺎن ﻓرق اﻟﺟﮭد ﻋﻠﻰ طرﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ )‪ . (20V‬ﺟد ﻣﻘدار ﺷﺣﻧﺔ وﻓرق ﺟﮭد اﻟﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ‬
‫ﻗﺑل ان ﺗوﺻل ﻣﻊ اﻟﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﺑﻌد اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل‪:‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 8=10µF‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq . ∆VT =10 × 20 =200µC‬‬
‫ﻗﺑل اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل‪:‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 ⇒ 200 =Q1 + 0‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪Q1 =200µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫‪= 100V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜـﺎل‪ /118‬رﺑط ت اﻟﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺗﺎن )‪ (C1=3µF,C2=6µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺗ واﻟﻲ ﺛ م رﺑط ت ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺗﮭﻣ ﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺗ وازي ﻣ ﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ ﺛﺎﻟﺛﺔ ﻣﺷﺣوﻧﺔ ﻣﻘدار ﺳﻌﺗﮭﺎ ‪ 4µF‬وﻣﻘدار ﺷﺣﻧﺗﮭﺎ ‪ 180µC‬اﺣﺳب اﻟﺷﺣﻧﺔ اﻟﻣﺧﺗزﻧﺔ ﻓ ﻲ أي ﻣ ن ﺻ ﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ ﻛ ل‬
‫ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ ﺑﻌد اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪Q T = Q 3 + Q1, 2 = 180 + 0 = 180µC‬‬
‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬ ‫‪3 × 6 18‬‬
‫= ‪C1, 2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 2µF‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪3+ 6‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫‪C eq = C1, 2 + C 3 = 2 + 4 = 6µF‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬
‫= ‪∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 30V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪Q1, 2 = C1, 2 .∆V = 2 × 30 = 60µC = Q1 = Q 2‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 3 = C 3 .∆V = 4 × 30 = 120µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ وﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد ﻋﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /119‬ﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺗﮭﺎ ‪ 2µF‬وﻓ رق اﻟﺟﮭ د ﺑ ﯾن ﺻ ﻔﯾﺣﺗﯾﮭﺎ ‪ 100V‬وﺻ ﻠت ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺗ وازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺗﮭﺎ‬
‫‪ 2µF‬ﻏﯾر ﻣﺷﺣوﻧﺔ ‪ .‬اﺣﺳب ﻟﻛل ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﺷﺣﻧﺔ اﻟﻣﺧﺗزﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣن ﺻﻔﯾﺣﺗﯾﮭﺎ ؟ واذا وﺿ ﻊ ﻋ ﺎزل ﺑ ﯾن ﺻ ﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ ﺑدﻻ ﻣن اﻟﮭواء ﺛﺎﺑت ﻋزﻟﮫ ‪ 3‬ﻓﻛم ﺳﺗﺻﺑﺢ اﻟﺷﺣﻧﺔ اﻟﻣﺧﺗزﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣن ﺻﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ ﻛل ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﻗﺑل اﻟﻌﺎزل وﻗﺑل اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل‪:‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 100=200µC‬‬
‫‪Q2 = 0‬‬ ‫)ﻏﯾر ﻣﺷﺣوﻧﺔ(‬
‫ﺑﻌد اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل وﻗﺑل اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪:‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =200 + 0 =200µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 2=4µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 50V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟرﺑط ﺗوازي ﻟذﻟك ‪∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 =50V‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V=2 × 50 =100µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =2 × 50 =100µC‬‬

‫‪51‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﺑﻌد اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل وﺑﻌد اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫‪C2k =k C2 =3 × 2=6µF‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1 + C2k =2 + 6=8µF‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻣﻧﻔﺻﻠﺔ ﻋن اﻟﻣﺻدر اﻟﺷﺎﺣن ﻟذﻟك ‪QTk = QT =200µC‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫= ‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 25V‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟرﺑط ﺗوازي ﻟذﻟك ‪∆VTk = ∆V1 = ∆V2k =25V‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 25 =50µC , QTk =C2k . ∆V2k =6 × 25 = 150µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /120‬ﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺗﮭﺎ ‪ 8µF‬وﻓ رق اﻟﺟﮭ د ﺑ ﯾن ﺻ ﻔﯾﺣﺗﯾﮭﺎ ‪ 30V‬وﺻ ﻠت ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺗ وازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺔ اﺧ رى‬
‫ﺳﻌﺗﮭﺎ ‪ 4µF‬ﻏﯾر ﻣﺷﺣوﻧﺔ ‪ .‬اﺣﺳب ﻓرق ﺟﮭد ﻛ ل ﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺔ ﺑﻌ د اﻟﺗوﺻ ﯾل ‪ ،‬واذا ادﺧ ل ﻟ وح ﻣ ن ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾ ﺎ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑت ﻋزﻟﮫ )‪ (k‬ﺑﯾن ﺻ ﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ اﻟﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾ ﺔ ھ ﺑط ﻓ رق ﺟﮭ د اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋ ﺔ اﻟ ﻰ ‪ 12V‬اﺣ ﺳب ﺛﺎﺑ ت اﻟﻌ زل اﻟﻛﮭرﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫)‪ (k‬واﻟﺷﺣﻧﺔ اﻟﻣﺧﺗزﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣن ﺻﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ ﻛل ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﻗﺑل اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل وﻗﺑل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =8 × 30 =240µC ,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =0‬‬ ‫)ﻏﯾر ﻣﺷﺣوﻧﺔ(‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =240 + 0 =240µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =8 + 4 =12µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 20V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 =20V‬‬ ‫‪ Q‬اﻟرﺑط ﺗوازي ﻟذﻟك‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =8 × 20 =160µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =4 × 20 =80µC‬‬
‫ﺑﻌد اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل وﺑﻌد اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪QTk = QT =240µC‬‬ ‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺻوﻟﺔ ﻋن اﻟﻣﺻدر اﻟﺷﺎﺣن ﻟذﻟك‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1 + C2k‬‬ ‫‪⇒ 20 =8 + C2k‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C2k =20 – 8 =12µF‬‬
‫‪C2k = kC2‬‬ ‫⇒ ‪⇒ 12 =k × 4‬‬ ‫‪k=3‬‬

‫‪ Q‬اﻟرﺑط ﺗوازي ﻟذﻟك ‪∆VTk = ∆V1 = ∆V2k =12V‬‬

‫‪Q1=C1 × ∆V1 =8 × 12 =96µC ,‬‬ ‫‪Q2k =C2k × ∆V2k =12 × 12 =144µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /121‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 2µF‬ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﻟﻔﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ‪ 50V‬وﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﺧ ﺮى ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪8µF‬‬
‫ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ وﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌ ﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻ ﯿﻞ ‪ .‬واذا وﺿ ﻊ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ ﻣ ﺎدة‬
‫ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ ‪ 6‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ وﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 50 =100µC‬‬
‫‪Q2 = 0‬‬ ‫)ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ(‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ وﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =100 + 0=100µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 8 =10µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 10V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 =10V‬‬ ‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫‪52‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 10 =20µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 × ∆V2 =8 × 10 =80µC‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ وﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪C1k =kC1 =6 × 2=12µF‬‬
‫‪Ceqk=C1k + C2 =12 + 8=20µF‬‬
‫‪QTk = QT =100µC‬‬ ‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫= ‪∆VTk = Tk‬‬ ‫‪= 5V‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬

‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk = ∆V1k = ∆V2=5V‬‬

‫‪Q1k =C1k . ∆V1k =12 × 5=60µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =8 × 5 =40µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /122‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 2µF‬وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪ 30V‬وﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 3µF‬ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (1‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬اذا ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ ‪ 6‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﺪل اﻟﮭﻮاء ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ وﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫)‪ (1‬ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1 . ∆V1=2 × 30=60µC‬‬
‫‪Q2=0‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2=60 + 0=60µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq=C1 + C2 =2 + 3=5µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 12µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VT =∆V1 =∆V2=12V‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1 . ∆V1=2 × 12=24µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q2=3 × 12=36µC‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪C2k=kC2 =6 × 3=18µF‬‬
‫‪Ceqk=C1 + C2k =2 + 18=20µF‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk =QT =60µC‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫= ‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 3V‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk =∆V1 =∆V2k=3V‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1 . ∆V1=2 × 3=6µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q2k=C2k . ∆V2k=18 × 3=54µC‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /123‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻏﯿ ﺮ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 2μF‬وﺿ ﻌﺖ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﮭ ﺎ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺑ ﺪل اﻟﮭ ﻮاء ورﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ أﺧﺮى ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 180μC‬وﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 3μF‬ﻓﺄﺻ ﺒﺢ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ‪ 12V‬ﻓﻤ ﺎ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ ﻛ ﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ؟ وﻣﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰل اﻷوﻟﻰ ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪QTk =Q1k + Q2 =0 + 180 =180µC‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 15µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1k + C2‬‬ ‫‪⇒ 15 =C1k + 3‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C1k =15 – 3=12µF‬‬
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‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk = ∆V1k = ∆V2 =12V‬‬
‫‪Q1k =C1k . ∆V1k =12 × 12 =144µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =3 × 12=36µC‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫= ‪k = 1k‬‬ ‫‪=6‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /124‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 12μF‬ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﻟﻔﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻣﻘﺪاره ‪ 60V‬وﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﺑﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ أﺧ ﺮى ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ‬
‫‪ 8μF‬ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻟﻮ وﺿﻊ ﻋﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ )‪ (2‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ اﻟﮭﻮاء ﻓﻜﻢ ﯾﺼﺒﺢ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =12 × 60 =720µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =0‬‬ ‫)ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ(‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =720 + 0 =720µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =12 + 8 =20µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪720‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 36V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 =36V‬‬ ‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =12 × 36 =432µC ,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =8 × 36 =288µC‬‬
‫‪2- C2k =k C2 =2 × 8 =16µF‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1 + C2k =12 + 16 =28µF‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = QT = 720µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪720‬‬
‫= ‪∆VTk = Tk‬‬ ‫‪= 25.7 V‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪3- PE 1 = C1 .(∆V1 ) 2 = × 12 × 10 −6 × (25.7) 2 = 3960.94 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 k = C 2 k .(∆V2 ) 2 = × 16 × 10 − 6 × (25.7) 2 = 5283.92 × 10 − 6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪4- PE T = ∆VT .Q T = × 36 × 720 × 10 −6 = 1296 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪PETk =PE1 + PE2k =3960.94×10-6 + 5283.92×10-6 =9244.86×10-6J‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /125‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 4µF‬وﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪھﺎ ‪ 200V‬وﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﺧ ﺮى ﻏﯿ ﺮ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 6µF‬ﺟﺪ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻ ﯿﻞ ‪ ،‬وﻋﻨ ﺪ وﺿ ﻊ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺪل اﻟﻔﺮاغ او اﻟﮭﻮاء اﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 600µC‬ﺟﺪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ وﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1×∆V1=4×200=800µF‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q2=0‬‬ ‫)ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ(‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ وﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪QT = Q1 + Q2 =800 + 0=800µF‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =4+6=10µF‬‬
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‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 80V = ∆V1 = ∆V2‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1.∆V1=4×80=320µC , Q2=C2.∆V2=6×80=480µC‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪:‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = QT =800µC‬‬
‫⇒ ‪QTk =Q1 + Q2k‬‬ ‫‪800 =Q1 +600 ⇒ Q1=200µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫‪= 50V = ∆V2 K‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Q 2K‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪C2k‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫= ‪C 2K‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12µF ,‬‬ ‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=2‬‬
‫‪∆V2 K‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /126‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 4μF‬وﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪھﺎ ‪ 200V‬رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ أﺧ ﺮى ﻏﯿ ﺮ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 6μF‬ﺟﺪ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ‪ .‬وﻋﻨﺪ وﺿﻊ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ﺑ ﺪل‬
‫اﻟﮭﻮاء وﺟﺪ ان ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ‪ . 600μC‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰل اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪Q1= C1∆V1 = 4×200 = 800μC‬‬
‫ﺑﻤﺎ ان اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ )‪(Q2=0‬‬
‫‪∴ Qtotal = Q1+Q2 = 800 + 0 =800μC‬‬
‫‪Q total 800‬‬
‫‪Ceq = C1 + C2 = 4 + 6 =10μF ,‬‬ ‫=‪∆Vtotal‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 80 V =∆V1 =∆V2=∆V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪∴ Q1 = C1∆V = 4×80 = 320μC , Q2 = C2∆V = 6×80 = 480μF‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ إدﺧﺎل اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ‬
‫‪Qtotal = Q1 + Q2 ⇒ 800 = Q1 + 600 ⇒ Q1 = 200μC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫= ‪∴ ∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫‪= 50V =∆V2 =∆V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Q2‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪C 2k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12µF‬‬
‫‪∆V2‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫= ‪K = 2k‬‬ ‫‪=2‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /127‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﺳﻌﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ‪ 2μF‬اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪھﺎ ‪ 60V‬واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ﻏﯿ ﺮ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ وﺿ ﻊ ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑ ﺪل اﻟﮭ ﻮاء ﻋ ﺎزل ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟ ﮫ )‪ (4‬ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ اﻷوﻟ ﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻣ ﺎ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ‬
‫وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1∆V1= 2×60 =120μC ,‬‬ ‫‪C2k= KC2= 4×2= 8μF‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ رﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻓﺎن‬
‫‪Qtotal = Q1 = 120μC ,‬‬ ‫‪Ceq= C1 + C2k= 2 + 8= 10μF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫= ‪∆Vtotal= total‬‬ ‫‪= 12V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1∆V=2×12=24μC , Q2 =C2×∆V =8×12= 96μC‬‬

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‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /128‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ اﻟﻌ ﺎزل ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﮭ ﻮاء ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 6μF‬وﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪھﺎ ‪ 100V‬وﺿ ﻊ ﻋ ﺎزل ﺑ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮫ )‪ (2‬ﺛﻢ وﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ أﺧ ﺮى ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 8μF‬ﺟ ﺪ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ وﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ وإدﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪:‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1×∆V=6×100=600μC‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ووﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪:‬‬
‫‪Q1=Qtotal=600μF , CK1=KC1=2×6=12μF‬‬
‫‪Ceq=CK1 + C2 =12+8=20μF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪∆Vtotal = total‬‬ ‫‪= 30V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫ﺑﻤﺎ ان اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫‪∆V1=∆V2=∆Vtotal =30V‬‬
‫‪Q1=CK1×∆V=12×30=360μC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q2=C2×∆V=8×30=240μC‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /129‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 2µF‬وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪ 200V‬وﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﺧﺮى ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 4µF‬وﻓﺮق‬
‫ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪ 50V‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ ‪ k‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ اﻧﺨﻔ ﺾ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﺑﻤﻘ ﺪار‬
‫‪ 40V‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪1- Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 200 =400µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =4 × 50 =200µC‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪QT = Q1 + Q2 =400 + 200 =600µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =2 + 4 =6µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 100V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 =100V‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 100 =200µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =4 × 100 =400µC‬‬
‫‪2-‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪∆VTk =∆VT – 40 =100 – 40 =60V‬‬
‫‪QTk = QT =600µC‬‬ ‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 10µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1k + C2 ⇒ 10 =C1k + 4‬‬ ‫‪⇒ C1k =10 – 4 =6µF‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪C1k =k C1‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪6 =k × 2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‪k‬‬ ‫‪=3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪56‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /130‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (15μF‬ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﻔﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ )‪ (300V‬رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ أﺧ ﺮى ﻏﯿ ﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ طﺮﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ )‪ (100V‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬إذا وﺿ ﻊ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟ ﻰ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ أﺻ ﺒﺢ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ )‪ (75V‬ﺟ ﺪ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋ ﺰل ﺗﻠ ﻚ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎدة؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ‪:‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =15 × 300 =4500µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =0‬‬ ‫)ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ(‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ‪:‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =4500 + 0 =4500µC‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪4500‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 45µF‬‬
‫‪∆VT‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪45 =15 + C2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C2 =45 – 15 =30µF‬‬
‫‪2- Q1 =C1 × ∆V1 =15 × 100 =1500µC ,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 × ∆V2 =30 × 100 =3000µF‬‬
‫‪3-‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = QT =4500µC‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪4500‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 60µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1k + C2 ⇒ 60 =C1k + 30‬‬ ‫‪⇒ C1k =60 – 30 =30µF‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫= ‪k = 1k‬‬ ‫‪=2‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /131‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 2μF‬اﻟﻌﺎزل ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﮭﻮاء وﺿ ﻌﺖ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ‬
‫ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ ‪ 2.5‬ﺛﻢ رﺑﻄﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 3μF‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ‪ . 45μC‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ وإدﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل ‪:‬‬
‫‪CK =K C =2.5×2=5μF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬
‫= ‪∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 15V‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺑﻤﺎ ان اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫‪∆V2 = ∆V1 = ∆V‬‬
‫‪∴ Q1 = C K1 × ∆V = 5×15=75μC‬‬
‫‪Qtotal = Q1 + Q2 = 75 + 45 =120μC‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ووﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل ﻓﺎن اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺎن‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫‪Q1 = Qtotal =120μC ,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫‪= 60µC‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

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‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /132‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (3µF‬وﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (180µC‬ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺼﺪر وﺿﻌﺖ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺪل اﻟﮭﻮاء ﻓﻈﮭﺮ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ طﺮﻓﯿﮭﺎ )‪ (30V‬ﻓﻤﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا وﺻﻠﺖ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﺧ ﺮى ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (4µF‬وﺷ ﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (60µC‬ﻓﻤ ﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪Q 180‬‬ ‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫= ‪1- ∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪= 60V , k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=2‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪∆Vk‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪2- QTk =Q1k + Q2 =180 + 60 =240µC‬‬
‫‪C1k=k C1=2 × 3=6µF‬‬
‫‪Ceqk=C1k + C2 =6 + 4=10µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪∆VTk = Tk‬‬ ‫‪= 24V‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VTk =∆V1k = ∆V2 =24V‬‬
‫‪Q1k =C1k . ∆V1k =6 × 24 =144µC , Q2 =C2 .∆V2 =4 × 24 =96µC‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /133‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 2μF‬اﻟﻌﺎزل ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﮭﻮاء وﺿﻌﺖ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺛﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ أﺧﺮى ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 6μF‬ووﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟ ﻰ ‪320μC‬‬
‫واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪ 240μC‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰل اﻟﻤﺎدة ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪Q2‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪∆V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 40V‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆V1k =∆V2 =40V‬‬
‫‪Q 1k‬‬ ‫‪320‬‬
‫= ‪C1 k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 8µF‬‬
‫‪∆V1k‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫= ‪k = 1k‬‬ ‫‪=4‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫اﻟﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻂ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /134‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=6μF , C2=12μF‬ﻣﻮﺻ ﻠﺘﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ وﺻ ﻠﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 16μF‬ﺛﻢ وﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪ 20V‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ C12=4µF‬‬
‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6 12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Ceq=C12 + C3 =4 + 16=20µF‬‬
‫)ﺗﻮازي( ‪∆VT = ∆V3 = ∆V12 =20V‬‬
‫‪Q3 =C3 . ∆V3 =16 × 20 =320µC , Q12 =C12 . ∆V12 =4 × 20 =80µC = Q1 = Q2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2- PE 3 = ∆V3 .Q 3 = × 20 × 320 × 10 −6 = 32 × 10 − 4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪58‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /135‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=3µF,C2=6µF‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ وﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ )‪ (C3=2µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮازي ﺛﻢ رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪ 12V‬اوﺟﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ -2‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= =‬ ‫‪⇒ C12=2µF‬‬
‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C12 + C3 =2 + 2=4µF‬‬
‫)ﺗﻮازي( ‪∆VT = ∆V3 = ∆V12 =12V‬‬
‫‪Q3 =C3 . ∆V3 =2 × 12=24µC , Q12 =C12 . ∆V12=2 × 12=24µC = Q1 = Q2‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 8V , ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 4V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /136‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=3µF,C2=6µF‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ وﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ )‪ (C3=4µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮازي ﺛﻢ ﺷﺤﻨﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻠﯿ ﺔ ﻣﻘ ﺪارھﺎ ‪ 270µC‬ﻓﻤ ﺎ ﻣﻘ ﺪار ﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ وﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ؟ وﻣ ﺎ اﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ اذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ )‪.(0.2cm‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= =‬ ‫‪⇒ C12=2µF‬‬
‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Ceq=C12 + C3 =2 + 4=6µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪270‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 45V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪∆VT =∆V3 =∆V12 =45V‬‬ ‫)ﺗﻮازي(‬
‫‪Q3 =C3 . ∆V3=4 × 45 =180µC , Q12=C12 . ∆V12=2 × 45=90µC‬‬
‫‪Q12 = Q1 = Q2 =90µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 30V , ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 15V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪∆V1‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫= ‪E1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 15000 V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.2 × 10 − 2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /137‬رﺑطت اﻟﻣﺗﺳﻌﺗﺎن )‪ (C1=5µF , C2=7µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺗ وازي ﺛ م رﺑط ت ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺗﮭﻣ ﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺗ واﻟﻲ ﻣ ﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ ﺛﺎﻟﺛﺔ )‪ (C3=4µF‬ﺛم ﺷﺣﻧت اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ اﻟﻧﮭﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﺑﻣﺻدر ﻓرق اﻟﺟﮭد ﺑﯾن ﻗطﺑﯾﮫ )‪ (60V‬ﻓﻣﺎ ﺷ ﺣﻧﺔ وﻓ رق ﺟﮭ د‬
‫ﻛل ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ؟ وﻣﺎ اﻟﻣﺟﺎل اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯾن ﺻﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ اﻟﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻟﺛﺔ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺑﻌد ﺑﯾن ﺻﻔﯾﺣﺗﯾﮭﺎ )‪(0.5cm‬؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C12 =C1 + C2 =5 + 7 =12µF‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1 1+ 3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceq=3µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq . ∆VT =3 × 60 =180µC =Q12 = Q3‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬
‫= ‪∆V12 = 12‬‬ ‫= ‪= 15V = ∆V1 = ∆V2 , ∆V3 = 3‬‬ ‫‪= 45V‬‬
‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =5 × 15 =75µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =7 × 15 =105µC‬‬
‫‪∆V3‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬
‫= ‪E3‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 9000V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.5 × 10 − 2‬‬

‫‪59‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /138‬رﺑط ت اﻟﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺗﺎن )‪ (C1=3µF , C2=6µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺗ واﻟﻲ ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﺿﮭﻣﺎ وﻣ ﻊ اﻟﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺔ )‪(C3=4µF‬‬
‫ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺗ وازي ﺛ م ﺷ ﺣﻧت اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋ ﺔ اﻟﻛﻠﯾ ﺔ ﺣﺗ ﻰ اﺻ ﺑﺢ ﻓ رق اﻟﺟﮭ د ﺑ ﯾن ﺻ ﻔﯾﺣﺗﯾﮭﺎ )‪ (45V‬ﻓﻣ ﺎ ﻣﻘ دار ﺷ ﺣﻧﺔ‬
‫ﻛل ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ ؟ وﻣﺎ اﻟﻣﺟﺎل اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯾن ﺻﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ اﻟﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺑﻌد ﺑﯾﻧﮭﻣﺎ )‪(0.2cm‬؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪∆VT = ∆V3 = ∆V12 =45V‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= =‬ ‫‪⇒ C12=2µF‬‬
‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Q3 =C3 . ∆V3 =4 × 45 =180µC , Q12=C12 . ∆V12 = 2 × 45 =90µC = Q1 = Q2‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫‪= 30V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪∆V1‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫= ‪E1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 15000 V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.2 × 10 − 2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /139‬رﺑط ت اﻟﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺗﺎن )‪ (C1=3µF , C2=6µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺗ واﻟﻲ ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﺿﮭﻣﺎ ﺛ م وﺻ ﻠت اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋ ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺗوازي ﻣﻊ ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ ﺛﺎﻟﺛﺔ ﻣﺷﺣوﻧﺔ )‪ (C3=2µF‬وﺷﺣﻧﺗﮭﺎ )‪ (300µC‬ﻓﻣﺎ ﺷﺣﻧﺔ وﻓرق ﺟﮭد ﻛل ﻣﻧﮭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌد اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪Q1 = Q2 = Q12 = 0‬‬
‫‪QT =Q3 + Q12 =300 + 0 =300µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= =‬ ‫‪⇒ C12=2µF‬‬
‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C12 + C3 =2 + 2 =4µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 75V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪∆VT = ∆V3 = ∆V12 =75V‬‬
‫‪Q3 =C3 . ∆V3 =2 × 75 =150µC , Q12 =C12 . ∆V12 =2 × 75 =150µC = Q1 = Q2‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫‪= 50V ,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 25V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /140‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=2F,C2=4µF‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﺛﻢ رﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ )‪ (C3=3µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻌﮭﻤﺎ وﺷﺤﻨﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺟﻌﻞ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ )‪ (300μC‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C12 =C1 + C2 =2 + 4=6µF‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1 1+ 2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪+‬‬ ‫= =‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪Ceq =2µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 150V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪QT = Q3 = Q12 =300µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫= ‪∆V12 = 12‬‬ ‫‪= 50V‬‬
‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪Q3‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫‪∆V12 = ∆V1 = ∆V2 =50V‬‬ ‫)ﺗﻮازي(‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪∆V3‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 100V‬‬
‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪60‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =2 × 50 =100µC ,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =4 × 50 =200µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜـﺎل‪ /141‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=20µF , C2=30µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮطﺘ ﺎن ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ رﺑﻄ ﺖ‬
‫ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ )‪ (C3=18µF‬ﺛ ﻢ رﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒ ﻲ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ ‪. 12V‬‬
‫اﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻘﺪار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ ‪. 0.4cm‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3+ 2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ C12=12µF‬‬
‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪60 12‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C12 + C3 =12 + 18 =30µF‬‬
‫‪2- QT =Ceq . ∆VT =30 × 12 =360µC‬‬
‫‪3- ∆VT = ∆V3 = ∆V12 =12V‬‬
‫‪Q3 =C3 . ∆V3 =18 × 12 =216µC , Q12 =QT – Q3 =360 – 216 =144µC‬‬
‫‪Q12 = Q1 = Q2 =144µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪144‬‬ ‫‪∆V2‬‬ ‫‪4.8‬‬
‫= ‪4- ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫= ‪= 4.8V , E 2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 1200V / m‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.4 × 10 −2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /142‬ﺛﻼث ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺎت ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (C1=3µF,C2=6µF,C3=18µF‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻷوﻟﻰ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ورﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻌﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ورﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪه ‪ 30V‬ﻣ ﺎ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ وﻓ ﺮق‬
‫ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C1C 2‬‬ ‫‪3× 6‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫=‪C1,2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 2µF , Ceq=C1,2 + C3= 2+18=20μF‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪3+6‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫‪Qtotal= Ceq ∆V=20×30=600μC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q3=C3∆V=18×30=540μC ,‬‬
‫‪Q1,2=C1,2∆V=2×30=60μC‬‬
‫‪∴ Q1=Q2=60μC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1= 1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 20V , ∆V2= 2‬‬ ‫‪= 10V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /143‬ﺛ ﻼث ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺎت ﻏﯿ ﺮ ﻣ ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ )‪ (C1=5µF,C2=7µF,C3=6µF‬رﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻷوﻟ ﻰ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮازي ورﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻌﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ووﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﻣﺼﺪر ﯾﻌﻄﻲ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ‪ . 60V‬ﻣﺎ ﺷ ﺤﻨﺔ‬
‫وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C1,2=C1 + C2=5+7=12μF‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1 1+ 2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceq=4μF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1, 2‬‬ ‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪12 6‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Qtotal=Ceq∆V=4×60=240μC‬‬
‫‪∴ Q3=Qtotal=240μC , Q1,2=Qtotal=240μC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1,2= 1, 2‬‬ ‫‪= 20V , ∆V1=∆V2=20V‬‬
‫‪C1, 2‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1∆V1=5×20=100μC ,‬‬ ‫‪Q2=C2 ∆V=7×20=140V‬‬

‫‪61‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫‪Q3‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫=‪∆V3‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 40V‬‬
‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /144‬رﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=20µF , C2=4µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ورﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣ ﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺛﺎﻟﺜ ﺔ )‪ (C3=12µF‬ﺛ ﻢ رﺑ ﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﯿ ﻊ اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ ‪ 6V‬اﺣ ﺴﺐ ﻟﻜ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ وﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C1, 2 = C1 + C 2 = 20 + 4 = 24µF‬‬
‫‪C1, 2 C 3‬‬ ‫‪24 × 12‬‬ ‫‪24 × 12‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 8µF‬‬
‫‪C1, 2 + C 3‬‬ ‫)‪24 + 12 12(2 + 1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Q T = C eq .∆VT = 8 × 6 = 48µC = Q 3 = Q1, 2‬‬
‫‪Q1, 2‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1, 2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 2V = ∆V1 = ∆V2‬‬
‫‪C1, 2‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫‪∆V3 = ∆VT − ∆V1, 2 = 6 − 2 = 4V‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /145‬ﺛﻼث ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺎت )‪ (C1=12µF,C2=6µF,C3=16µF‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻻوﻟﻰ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛﻢ رﺑﻄﺖ‬

‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻌﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ورﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ 300µC‬اﺣﺴﺐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C1.C 2‬‬ ‫‪12 × 6‬‬ ‫‪12 × 6‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫= ‪1 − C1, 2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4µF‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪12 + 6‬‬ ‫)‪6(2 + 1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪C eq = C1, 2 + C 3 = 4 + 16 = 20µF‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫= ‪2 − ∆VT‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 15V = ∆V1, 2 = ∆V3‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪Q1, 2 = C1, 2 .∆V1, 2 = 4 × 15 = 60µC = Q1 = Q 2‬‬
‫‪Q 3 = C 3 .∆V3 = 16 × 15 = 240µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪3 − PE 3‬‬ ‫‪∆V3 . Q 3 = × 15 × 240 × 10 −6 = 1800 × 10 −6 = 18 × 10 −4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

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‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /146‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=5µF,C2=7µF‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﺛﻢ رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻣﻌﮭﻤ ﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺛﺎﻟﺜ ﺔ‬
‫)‪ (C3=12µF‬ورﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﻜﺎن ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪ 6V‬اﺣﺴﺐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ ‪. 0.2cm‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1 − C1, 2 = C1 + C 2 = 5 + 7 = 12µF‬‬
‫‪C1, 2 .C 3‬‬ ‫‪12 × 12‬‬ ‫‪12 × 12‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 6µF‬‬
‫‪C1, 2 + C 3‬‬ ‫)‪12 + 12 12(1 + 1‬‬
‫‪2 − Q T = C eq .∆VT = 6 × 6 = 36µC = Q 3 = Q1, 2‬‬
‫‪Q1, 2‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1, 2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 3V = ∆V1 = ∆V2‬‬
‫‪C1, 2‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆V1 = 5 × 3 = 15µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V2 = 7 × 3 = 21µC‬‬
‫‪Q3‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪∆V3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3000‬‬
‫= ‪3 − ∆V3‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 3V ,‬‬ ‫= ‪E3‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 1500 V / m‬‬
‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.2 × 10 −2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪3 − PE 2‬‬ ‫‪∆V2 .Q 2 = × 3 × 21 × 10 −6 = 31.5 × 10 −6 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫اﻟﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد ﻋﺎزل ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /147‬ﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺗﺎن )‪ (C1=8µF,C224µF‬ﻣرﺑوطﺗ ﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺗ واﻟﻲ وﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺗﮭﻣ ﺎ وﺻ ﻠت ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺗ وازي ﻣ ﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺗﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﺷﺣوﻧﺔ ﺳﻌﺗﮭﺎ )‪ (C3=4µF‬وﻓرق ﺟﮭدھﺎ ‪ 100V‬اﺣﺳب ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻓرق ﺟﮭد اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا ادﺧﻠ ت ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺑ ﯾن ﺻ ﻔﯾﺣﺗﻲ اﻟﻣﺗ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻟﺛ ﺔ اﺻ ﺑﺢ ﻓ رق ﺟﮭ د اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋ ﺔ ‪ 25V‬ﻓﻣ ﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ت ﻋ زل اﻟﻣ ﺎدة‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﻗﺑل اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل‪:‬‬
‫‪1- Q1 = Q2 = Q12 = 0‬‬
‫‪Q3 =C3 × ∆V3 =4 × 100 =400µC‬‬
‫ﺑﻌد اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل ‪:‬‬
‫‪QT = Q3 + Q12 = 400 + 0 =400µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3+1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ C12 =6µF‬‬
‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C12 + C3 =6 + 4 =10µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 40V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪2-‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺻوﻟﺔ ﻋن اﻟﻣﺻدر اﻟﺷﺎﺣن ﻟذﻟك ‪QTk = QT =400µC‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 16µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C3k + C12‬‬ ‫‪⇒ 16 =C3k + 6‬‬ ‫‪⇒ C3k =16 – 6 =10µF‬‬
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‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪C3k =kC3‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪10 =k × 4‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‪k‬‬ ‫‪= 2.5‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /148‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=8µF,C2=24µF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮطﺘ ﺎن ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ ،‬وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (C3=4µF‬وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪ 100V‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا ادﺧﻠﺖ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ اﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 250µC‬ﻓﻜﻢ ھﻮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰل اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪Q3=C3 . ∆V3 =4 × 100 =400µC‬‬
‫‪Q1 = Q2 = Q12 =0‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪QT =Q12 + Q3 =0 + 400 =400µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3+1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C12 =6µF‬‬
‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪Ceq=C12 + C3 =6 + 4 =10µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 40V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = QT =400µC‬‬
‫⇒ ‪QTk =Q1k + Q2‬‬ ‫‪400 =250 + Q2‬‬ ‫‪⇒ Q2 =400 – 250 =150µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬
‫= ‪∆V12 = 12‬‬ ‫‪= 25V‬‬
‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪∆V12 = ∆V3k =25V‬‬
‫‪Q3k‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫= ‪C 3k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 10µF ,‬‬ ‫‪C3k =kC3‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪10 =k × 4‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‪k‬‬ ‫‪= 2.5‬‬
‫‪∆V3k‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /149‬رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=3µF,C2=6µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛ ﻢ رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﮭﻤ ﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ )‪ (C3=9µF‬ورﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪه ‪ 100V‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا ﻓ ﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻋ ﻦ اﻟﻤ ﺼﺪر وأﺑ ﺪل اﻟﮭ ﻮاء ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜ ﺔ ﺑﻤ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﯾ ﺼﺒﺢ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ 55V‬ﺟﺪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= =‬ ‫‪⇒ C12 =2µF‬‬
‫‪C12‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C12 + C3 =2 + 9=11µF‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq .∆VT =11 × 100=1100µC‬‬
‫)ﺗﻮازي( ‪∆VT = ∆V12 = ∆V3 =100V‬‬
‫‪Q3 =C3 . ∆V3 =9 × 100 =900µC , Q12 =C12 . ∆V12 =2 × 100=200µC‬‬
‫‪Q12 = Q1 = Q2 =200µC‬‬ ‫)ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ(‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪200 100‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫= ‪V , ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪2-‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = QT =1100µC‬‬
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‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪1100‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪55‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C12 + C3k ⇒ 20 =2 + C3k‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C3k =20 – 2 =18µF‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫= ‪k = 3k‬‬ ‫‪=2‬‬
‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /150‬رﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=4µF,C2=12µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛ ﻢ رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ ﻣ ﻊ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫)‪ (C3=7µF‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﺛﻢ رﺑﻄﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺎت اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ ‪ 10V‬ﻓ ﺎذا ادﺧ ﻞ ﻟ ﻮح‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ )‪ (k‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ واﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺎزاﻟﺖ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺎزدادت اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ‪ 50µF‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل )‪ (k‬وﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ إدﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬ ‫‪4 × 12‬‬ ‫‪4 × 12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫= ‪C1, 2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 3µF‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪4 + 12‬‬ ‫)‪4(1 + 3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪C eq = C1, 2 + C 3 = 3 + 7 = 10µF‬‬
‫‪Q T = C eq .∆VT = 10 × 10 = 100µC‬‬
‫ﺪﻌﺑ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫‪Q Tk = Q T + 50 = 100 + 50 = 150µC‬‬
‫‪∆VTk = ∆VT = 10V‬‬ ‫) ﺔﻠﺼﺘﻣ(‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 15µF‬‬
‫‪∆VT‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪C eqk = C1, 2 K + C 3‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪15 = C1, 2 K + 7‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C1, 2 K = 15 − 7 = 8µF‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪= −‬‬
‫‪C1, 2 K‬‬ ‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪8 12‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3−2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C1k = 24µF‬‬
‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫‪C1k‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=6‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

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‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /151‬ﺛ ﻼث ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺎت )‪ (C1=5µF,C2=7µF,C3=6µF‬رﺑﻄ ﺖ اﻻوﻟ ﻰ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ورﺑﻄ ﺖ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻌﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ووﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻰ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪه ‪.60V‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ )‪ (k‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ واﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺎزاﻟﺖ ﻣﺘ ﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤ ﺼﺪر‬
‫ازدادت ﺷ ﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﻤﻘ ﺪار ‪ 120µC‬ﻓﻤ ﺎ ﻣﻘ ﺪار ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ اﻟﻌ ﺰل )‪(k‬؟ وﻣ ﺎ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ أي ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫اﻻوﻟﻰ واﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ إدﺧﺎل اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1 − C1, 2 = C1 + C 2 = 5 + 7 = 12µF‬‬
‫‪C1, 2 .C 3‬‬ ‫‪12 × 6‬‬ ‫‪12 × 6‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4µF‬‬
‫‪C1, 2 + C 3‬‬ ‫‪12 + 6‬‬ ‫)‪6(2 + 1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Q T = C eq .∆VT = 4 × 60 = 240µC = Q 3 = Q1, 2‬‬
‫‪Q1, 2‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1, 2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 20V = ∆V1 = ∆V2‬‬
‫‪C1, 2‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1 .∆V1 = 5 × 20 = 100µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V2 = 7 × 20 = 140µC‬‬
‫‪2−‬‬
‫ﺪﻌﺑ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬
‫‪Q Tk = Q T + 120 = 240 + 120 = 360µC‬‬
‫‪∆VTk = ∆VT = 60 V‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪360‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 6µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪C eqk‬‬ ‫‪C1, 2‬‬ ‫‪C 3k‬‬ ‫‪6 12‬‬ ‫‪C 3k‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 −1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C 3k = 12µF‬‬
‫‪C 3k‬‬ ‫‪6 12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪C 3k‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=2‬‬
‫‪C3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪Q1, 2 K‬‬ ‫‪360‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1, 2 k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 30V = ∆V1 = ∆V2‬‬
‫‪C1, 2‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1 .∆V1 = 5 × 30 = 150µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V2 = 7 × 30 = 210µC‬‬

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‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ اﺧﺮى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺎت‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /152‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=8µF,C2=4µF‬وﺻﻠﺘﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﺛﻢ وﺻﻠﺘﺎ اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻷوﻟﻰ ‪ 64×10-6J‬واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪ 32×10-6J‬اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪1- PE 1‬‬ ‫‪C1 .(∆V1 ) 2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪64 × 10 −6 = × 8 × 10 −6 × (∆V1 ) 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪64‬‬
‫= ‪(∆V1 ) 2‬‬ ‫‪= 16‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪∆V1 = 4V‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = C 2 .(∆V2 ) 2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪32 × 10 − 6 = × 4 × 10 −6 × (∆V2 ) 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪32‬‬
‫= ‪(∆V2 ) 2‬‬ ‫‪= 16‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪∆V2 = 4V‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Q ∆V1 = ∆V2‬‬
‫∴ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي‬
‫‪∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 = 4V‬‬
‫‪2- Q1 = C1 . ∆V1 =8 × 4 =32µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =4 × 4=16µC‬‬
‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =32 + 16 =48µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /153‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=3µF , C2=6µF‬ﻣﻮﺻ ﻮﻟﺘﺎن ﺑﺒﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ وﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻷوﻟ ﻰ‬
‫‪ 3750×10-6J‬وﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪ 7500×10-6J‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE 1‬‬ ‫‪C1 .(∆V ) 2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫= ‪3750 × 10 −6‬‬ ‫‪× 3 × 10 −6 (∆V1 ) 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2 × 3750‬‬ ‫‪7500‬‬
‫= ‪(∆V1 ) 2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫⇒ ‪= 2500‬‬ ‫‪∆V1 =50V‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪PE 2 = C 2 .(∆V2 ) 2 ⇒ 7500 × 10 −6‬‬ ‫‪× 6 × 10 −6 (∆V2 ) 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪7500‬‬
‫= ‪(∆V2 ) 2‬‬ ‫‪= 2500 ⇒ ∆V2=50V‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Q ∆V1 = ∆V2‬‬
‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺎﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي‬
‫‪∴ ∆VT =50V‬‬
‫‪2- Ceq =C1 + C2 =3 + 6=9µF‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq . ∆VT =9 × 50 =450µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /154‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 3µF‬وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ‪ 150V‬وﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 900µC‬وﺻﻠﺘﺎ ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﺑﺤﯿ ﺚ‬
‫رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﯿﻦ ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﺛ ﻢ ادﺧﻠ ﺖ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ‬
‫ﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ ‪ 2‬ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 360µF‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزل؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ وﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1.∆V1=3×150=450µC‬‬
‫‪QT =Q2 – Q1 =900 – 450 = 450µC‬‬
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‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪QT = Q1 + Q2 ⇒ 450 = Q1 + 360 ⇒ Q1 =90µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫‪= 30V =∆V2‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Q2‬‬ ‫‪360‬‬
‫= ‪∴ C 2K‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12µF , C2k = k C2 ⇒ 12 =2C2‬‬ ‫‪⇒ C2 =6µF‬‬
‫‪∆V2‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫ﻣﺜـﺎل‪ /155‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=6µF,C2=12µF‬رﺑﻄﺘ ﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛ ﻢ رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒ ﻲ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪ 90V‬ﻓﺎذا ﻓﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ وﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ دون ﺣﺪوث ﺿ ﯿﺎع ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ ﺛ ﻢ اﻋﯿ ﺪ‬
‫رﺑﻄﮭﻤﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺑﻌﺪ رﺑﻂ اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ادﺧﻞ ﻟﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻣ ﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟ ﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿ ﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺰﻟﮭ ﺎ )‪ (k‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ اﺻ ﺒﺢ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ‬
‫‪ 20V‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰل )‪.(k‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceq=4µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪6 12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq × ∆VT =4 × 90 =360µC‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QT = Q1 = Q2 =360µC‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ رﺑﻄﮭﻤﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ‪:‬‬

‫‪QT =Q1 + Q2 =360 + 360 =720µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 = 6 + 12 =18µF‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪720‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT = T‬‬ ‫‪= 40V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VT = ∆V1 =∆V2 =40V‬‬
‫‪Q1=C1 . ∆V1 =6 × 40 =240µC ,‬‬ ‫‪Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =12 × 40 =480µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 1 = ∆V1 .Q1 = × 40 × 240 × 10 −6 = 48 × 10 − 4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE 2 = ∆V2 .Q 2 = × 40 × 480 × 10 −6 = 96 × 10 − 4 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2-‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎزل‪:‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QTk = QT =720µC‬‬
‫‪Q Tk‬‬ ‫‪720‬‬
‫= ‪C eqk‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 36µF‬‬
‫‪∆VTk‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪Ceqk =C1 + C2k ⇒ 36 = 6 – C2k‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C2k =36 – 6 =30µC‬‬
‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪C2k = k C2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪30 =k × 12‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 2.5‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪68‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /156‬رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=24µF,C2=8µF‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛ ﻢ وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ إﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق ﺟﮭ ﺪھﺎ ‪40V‬‬
‫اﺣﺴﺐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺷﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اذا ﻓﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ وﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﺛﻢ أﻋﯿﺪ رﺑﻄﮭﻤﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ وﺻﻠﺖ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺒﺘ ﺎن‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎ واﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺘﺎن ﻣﻌﺎ ﻓﺎﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ وﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1 1+ 3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceq =6µF‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪QT =Ceq . ∆VT =6 × 40 =240µC‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪QT = Q1 = Q2 =240µC‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬
‫= ‪∆V1 = 1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 10V , ∆V2 = 2‬‬ ‫‪= 30V‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪2- QT =Q1 + Q2 =240 + 240 =480µC‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2 =24 + 8 =32µF‬‬
‫‪480‬‬
‫= ‪∆VT‬‬ ‫‪= 15V‬‬
‫‪32‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻮازي ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆VT = ∆V1 = ∆V2 =15V‬‬
‫‪Q1 =C1 . ∆V1 =24 × 15 =360µC , Q2 =C2 . ∆V2 =120µC‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /157‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=12µF,C2=6µF‬رﺑﻄﺘ ﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﺛ ﻢ رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ اﻟ ﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪ ، 36V‬ﻓﺎذا ﻓﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ وﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ دون ﺣﺪوث ﺿﯿﺎع ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ‬
‫ﺛﻢ اﻋﯿﺪ رﺑﻄﮭﻤﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C1.C 2‬‬ ‫‪12 × 6‬‬ ‫‪12 × 6‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4µF‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪12 + 6‬‬ ‫)‪6(2 + 1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Q T = C eq .∆VT = 4 × 36 = 144µC = Q1 = Q 2‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺪﻌ ﺑ‬
‫‪Q T = Q1 + Q 2 = 144 + 144 = 288µC‬‬
‫‪C eq = C1 + C 2 = 12 + 6 = 18µF‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪288‬‬
‫= ‪∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 16V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆V = 12 × 16 = 192µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 6 × 16 = 96µC‬‬

‫‪69‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /158‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن )‪ (C1=20µF,C2=30µF‬رﺑﻄﺘ ﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌ ﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﺛ ﻢ رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﮭﻤ ﺎ اﻟ ﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ ‪ ، 25V‬ﻓﺎذا ﻓﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ وﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ دون ﺣﺪوث ﺿﯿﺎع ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ‬
‫ﺛﻢ اﻋﯿﺪ رﺑﻄﮭﻤﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C1.C 2‬‬ ‫‪20 × 30‬‬ ‫‪20 × 30‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12µF‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪20 + 30 10(2 + 3) 10 × 5‬‬
‫‪Q T = C eq .∆VT = 12 × 25 = 300µC = Q1 = Q 2‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺪﻌ ﺑ‬
‫‪Q T = Q1 + Q 2 = 300 + 300 = 600µC‬‬
‫‪C eq = C1 + C 2 = 20 + 30 = 50µF‬‬
‫‪QT‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫= ‪∆V‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 12V‬‬
‫‪C eq‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬
‫‪Q1 = C1.∆V = 20 × 12 = 240µC‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Q 2 = C 2 .∆V = 30 × 12 = 360µC‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /159‬ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺘﺎن اذا رﺑﻄﺘ ﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌ ﺔ ﺛﻠ ﺚ ﻗﯿﻤ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟ ﻰ واذا رﺑﻄﺘ ﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ‪ 3μF‬ﺟﺪ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﯿﻦ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ‬
‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫= ‪C1‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C1 + C2=3C‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬
‫‪C1=2C2‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮازي‬
‫‪Ceq=C1 + C2‬‬ ‫‪⇒ 3=2C2 + C2 ⇒ 3=3C2‬‬ ‫‪⇒ C2=1μF‬‬
‫‪Q C1=2C2‬‬ ‫‪⇒ C1=2×1=2μF‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /160‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠ ﺔ رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛ ﻢ رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻓ ﺎذا ﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ ﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻮازي ‪ 100‬ﺑﻘﺪر اﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺎت؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ‬
‫‪C‬‬
‫= ‪C ( eq ) series‬‬ ‫)‪--------- (1‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮازي‬
‫‪C(eq)parallel=nC‬‬ ‫)‪--------- (2‬‬
‫ﺑﻘﺴﻤﺔ )‪ (2‬ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (1‬ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪C ( eq ) parallel‬‬ ‫‪nC‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= n2‬‬
‫‪C ( eq ) series‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫‪100C ( eq )series‬‬
‫‪= n2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪n2=100‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪n=10‬‬
‫‪C ( eq )series‬‬

‫‪70‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /161‬اﺛﺒﺖ اﻧﮫ ﻋﻨﺪ وﺻﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﯾﺘﻲ اﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻓﺎن ﺳﻌﺘﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌ ﺔ اﺻ ﻐﺮ ﻣ ﻦ ﺳ ﻌﺔ أي‬
‫واﺣﺪة ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⇒ C eq = C‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /162‬اﺛﺒﺖ اﻧﮫ اذا وﺻﻠﺖ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﺘ ﺴﺎوﯾﺘﺎ اﻟ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي ﻓ ﺎن اﻟ ﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌ ﺔ ﻟﮭﻤ ﺎ ﺗ ﺴﺎوي أرﺑﻌ ﺔ‬
‫أﻣﺜﺎل ﺳﻌﺘﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻮ وﺻﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪Cparallel =nC‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪Cparallel = 2C‬‬ ‫‪……..‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫= ‪C series‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫= ‪C series‬‬ ‫‪……...‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺑﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (1‬ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (2‬ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫‪C parallel‬‬ ‫‪2C‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪=4‬‬
‫‪C series‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪∴ Cparallel = 4Cseries‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /163‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ وﺻﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ‪ 9μF‬وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻌﺘﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ‪ 2μF‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻌﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ رﺑﻄﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻓﺎن ‪:‬‬
‫‪Ceq =C1 + C2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪9 =C1 + C2‬‬ ‫)‪…….. (1‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ رﺑﻄﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻓﺎن ‪:‬‬
‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬ ‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫=‪2‬‬ ‫)‪……..(2‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬
‫ﺑﺘﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (1‬ﻓﻲ )‪ (2‬ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫=‪2‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C1.C2 =18‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫= ‪C1‬‬ ‫)‪……… (3‬‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬
‫ﺑﺘﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (3‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (1‬ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫‪18‬‬
‫=‪9‬‬ ‫⇒ ‪+ C2‬‬ ‫‪9C 2 = 18 + C 22‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C 22 − 9C 2 + 18 = 0‬‬
‫‪C2‬‬
‫‪(C2 – 6)(C2 – 3)=0‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪C2 =6µF‬‬ ‫‪or‬‬ ‫‪C2=3µF‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (1‬ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫‪C1 =3µF‬‬ ‫‪or C=6µF‬‬

‫‪71‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫واذا وﺻ ﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮازي‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /164‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ‪ C1 , C2‬ﻣﺘﻰ وﺻﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ ﻗﯿﻤ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺤ ﺼﻠﺔ ‪C1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﺤﺼﻠﺔ ‪ 3µF‬ﻣﺎ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ‪ C1 , C2‬؟‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﯿﺘﺎن ﻓﺎن ‪:‬‬
‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫= ‪C1‬‬ ‫‪⇒ C1 + C2 =3C2‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬
‫‪∴ C1=2C2‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﺘﻮازﯾﺘﺎن ﻓﺎن ‪:‬‬
‫‪Ceq = C1 + C2 3=2C2 + C2 ⇒ C2 =1μF‬‬
‫‪C1=2μF‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /165‬ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﺘﻰ وﺻﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ ووﺻﻠﺘﺎ اﻟﻰ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻓﺮق ﺟﮭﺪه ‪ 100V‬ﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ 300µC‬وﻣﺘﻰ وﺻﻠﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻤ ﺼﺪر ﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ‪ 1600µC‬ﺟ ﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪار ﺳﻌﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ؟‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ رﺑﻂ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Qt‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 3µF‬‬
‫‪∆Vt‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬ ‫‪C1 .C 2‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫=‪⇒ 3‬‬
‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬ ‫‪C1 + C 2‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ رﺑﻂ اﻟﺘﻮازي‬
‫‪Qt‬‬ ‫‪1600‬‬
‫= ‪C eq‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 16µF‬‬
‫‪∆Vt‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫‪Ceq=C1 + C2‬‬ ‫⇒ ‪⇒ 16 =C1 + C2‬‬ ‫‪C1 =16 – C2‬‬
‫‪(16 − C 2 )C 2‬‬
‫=‪3‬‬ ‫‪⇒ C 22 − 16C 2 + 48 = 0 ⇒ (C2 – 12)(C2 – 4)=0‬‬
‫‪16 − C 2 + C 2‬‬
‫‪C2=12μF or C2 =4μF‬‬
‫‪C1=16 – 12=4μF or C1=16 – 4=12μF‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /166‬ﻟﺪﯾﻚ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺘﺎن ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﺘﺎن ﺳﻌﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ‪ C‬رﺑﻄﺘﺎ ﻣﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي وأﺧﺮى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻓﻤ ﺎ اﻟﻌﻼﻗ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﯿﻦ؟‬
‫‪Ceq1=C + C =2C‬‬ ‫)ﺗﻮازي(‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫= ‪C eq 2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ(‬
‫‪2C‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻹﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫‪C eq1‬‬ ‫‪2C‬‬ ‫‪C eq‬‬
‫=‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪=4‬‬ ‫‪⇒ Ceq1=4Ceq2‬‬
‫‪C eq 2‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪C eq 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫أي ان اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮازي أرﺑﻌﺔ أﻣﺜﺎل اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮاﻟﻲ‬
‫‪C ( eq ) parallel‬‬
‫‪= n 2 ⇒ C(eq)parallel =n2C(eq)sires‬‬
‫‪C ( eq ) sires‬‬

‫‪∴ Cparallel = 4Cseries‬‬

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‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫اﻟﺸﺤﻦ واﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﻎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /167‬داﺋ ﺮة ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﯿ ﺔ اﻟ ﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﺘ ﺎﻟﻒ ﻣ ﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ ﺔ ﻣﻘ ﺪارھﺎ )‪ (200Ω‬وﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (50µF‬وﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق‬
‫اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭﺎ )‪ (20V‬وﻣﻔﺘﺎح ﻟﻔﺘﺢ وﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة اﺣﺴﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﻤﻘﺪار اﻻﻋﻈﻢ ﻟﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﺸﺤﻦ ﻟﺤﻈﺔ ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻏﻼق اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح )ﺑﻌﺪ اﻛﺘﻤﺎل ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺸﺤﻦ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ اذا ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ان اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ‪. 0.2cm‬‬
‫‪ -5‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪∆Vbattery‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫= ‪1- I‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.1A‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫‪2-‬‬ ‫‪∆Vc = ∆Vbattery =20V‬‬
‫‪3-‬‬ ‫‪Q = C . ∆V =50 × 20 =1000µC‬‬
‫‪∆V‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪4-‬‬ ‫=‪E‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 5000V / m‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.4 × 10 − 2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪5-‬‬ ‫‪PE = ∆V.Q = × 20 × 1000 × 10 − 6 = 0.01J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /168‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﺣﺴﺐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﻤﻘﺪار اﻻﻋﻈﻢ ﻟﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﺸﺤﻦ ﻟﺤﻈﺔ اﻏﻼق اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻏﻼق اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح‬
‫)ﺑﻌﺪ اﻛﺘﻤﺎل ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺸﺤﻦ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪∆Vbattery‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫= ‪1- I‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.8A‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫‪2- ∆Vc = ∆Vbattery =20V‬‬
‫‪3- Q = C . ∆V =80 × 20 =1600µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪4- PE = ∆V.Q = × 20 × 1600 × 10 −6 = 16 × 10 −3 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪ /169‬داﺋ ﺮة ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿ ﺔ ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﯿ ﺔ اﻟ ﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﺤﺘ ﻮي ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻣ ﺼﺒﺎح ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘ ﮫ )‪ (r =10Ω‬وﻣﻘﺎوﻣ ﺔ ﻣﻘ ﺪارھﺎ‬
‫)‪ (R=30Ω‬وﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ )‪ (∆Vbattery=12V‬رﺑﻄ ﺖ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟ ﺪاﺋﺮة ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ ذات اﻟ ﺼﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾﺘﯿﻦ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ )‪ . (20µF‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓ ﻲ أي ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘ ﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧ ﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻮ رﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺼﺒﺎح‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺼﺒﺎح واﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ واﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ )ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﺪاﺋﺮة اﻷوﻟ ﻰ واﻓﺮاﻏﮭ ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ ﺷﺤﻨﺘﮭﺎ(‪.‬‬

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‫ﻣﺪرس اﻟﻤﺎدة ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪∆Vbattery‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫=‪I‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.3A‬‬
‫‪R+r‬‬ ‫‪30 + 10‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬
‫‪∆Vr=I . r =0.3 × 10 =3V‬‬
‫‪ Q‬اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ رﺑﻄﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺼﺒﺎح ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪∆Vc = ∆Vr = 3V‬‬
‫‪Q = C . ∆Vc =20 × 3 =60µF‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE = ∆Vc . Q = × 3 × 60 × 10 − 6 = 90 × 10 − 6 = 9 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2-‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﺗﻤﺎم ﺷﺤﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﺎن ‪:‬‬
‫‪∆Vc = ∆Vbattery =12V‬‬
‫‪Q = C . ∆Vc =20 × 12 =240µC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PE = ∆Vc . Q = × 12 × 240 × 10 −6 = 1440 × 10 − 6 = 144 × 10 −5 J‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ /170‬رﺑﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺘﺎن )‪ (r=5Ω,R=10Ω‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛ ﻢ رﺑﻄﺘ ﺎ اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﯿﮭ ﺎ‬
‫‪30V‬اﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اي ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﺘﮭﺎ ‪ 20µF‬ﻟﻮ رﺑﻄﺖ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ )‪ -2 (5Ω‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪/‬‬
‫‪∆VT‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫= ‪1) I‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 2A‬‬
‫‪R + r 10 + 5 15‬‬
‫‪∆Vr = I r = 2 × 5 = 10 V = ∆Vc‬‬
‫‪Q = C.∆Vc = 20 × 10 = 200µC‬‬
‫‪2) ∆Vc = ∆VT = 30V‬‬
‫‪∴ Q = C . ∆Vc = 20 × 30 = 600µC‬‬

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