Q2.

Q2.
Hair spray

Hair spray is a common household aqueous solution which is used to stiffen hair into a certain style.
It was first developed and manufactured in 1948 by Chase Products, based in Broadview, Illinois.
Weaker than hair gel or hair wax, it is sprayed directly onto the hair to hold styles for long periods of
time. It sprays evenly over the hair using a pump or aerosol spray nozzle. The product may leave hair
feeling 'crunchy' unless brushed out.

The active ingredients in hair spray are called polymers, which keep the hair stiff and firm without
snapping. Solvents, which make up most of the content of the hairspray, are responsible for carrying
these polymers in a solution.[1]

Originally, the solvent found in hair spray was a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC). CFCs are nontoxic,
nonflammable, and make almost ideal aerosol propellants. However, when research concluded that
CFCs cause destruction of stratospheric ozone, they were replaced with other solvents, such as
alcohols and hydrocarbons.[2]

One of the polymers used in hair spray is polyvinylpyrrolidone, which is water-soluble. The non-water-
soluble polymer polydimethylsiloxane is added to make the hold last a bit longer. Some less common
polymers found in hair spray include copolymers with vinyl acetate and copolymers with maleic
anhydride.

Some hair sprays use natural polymers and solvents like vegetable gums dissolved in alcohol. One
popular ingredient in natural hair sprays is gum arabic, which is made from the sap of various species
of the acacia tree. Gum tragacanth is another herbal gum that is used to stiffen calico and crepe, as
well as hair.

Hair setting lotion

Hair volumizers are used to temporarily add volume, body and shine to thin or flat hair. Hair volumizers
are used by both men and women. Men turn to hair volumizers to make their hair look more dense.
Volumizers come in many forms such as shampoos, conditioners, sprays, pomades and lotions.

Hair volumizers contain humectants, which work by attracting moisture from the surrounding areas to
the hair strand, thereby swelling the hair and making it look thicker. Various polymers present in the
volumizer coat the hair strand, making it look thicker and shiny.

Shampoo and conditioner forms of the volumizers are used just like ordinary shampoo or
conditioners. The spray and lotion form of volumizers are used on damp hair near the roots of the hair.
In order to use a hair volumizer, the person using the product must flip their head downward and
gradually blow dry the hair, with the air being blown along the shaft of the hair until the hair is dry.
Drying the hair in this position will increase volume and achieve the desired effect.

While the hairstyling products listed above are the most commonly used, there are other types of
products as well. Serums, leave-in conditioner, clays, hair tonic, hair dry powder shampoo, and heat
protection sprays are frequently used hairstyling products in salons and homes across the country.