ANSWERS TO PRACTICE PROBLEMS

FOR STUDENT USE

CHAPTER 5: NONELECTROLYTES 5–12 275 g/mole.

5–1 (a) 0.498% by weight; (b) 0.0146 M; (c) 0.00026 5–13 918 g/mole (actual molecular weight = 909 g/mole).
mole fraction of sucrose; 0.99974 mole fraction of
water. 5–14 (a) Tf = 0.0007◦ C; (b) π = 9.9 cm; (c) the freez-
ing point depression is too small to read on most ther-
5–2 0.40 N. mometers. You should use osmotic pressure to deter-
mine the molecular weight of methylcellulose.
5–3 (a) The number of equivalents is 1, 3, and 2, respec-
tively; (b) The equivalent weights of these compounds 5–15 (a) K f (benzene) = 5.10 deg kg/mole; (b) K b (phenol)
are 36.5, 32.7, and 85.7 g/Eq, respectively. = 3.97 deg kg/mole.

5–4 242, 80.7, and 60.5 g/Eq, respectively. 5–16 Tf = 0.02◦ .

5–5 5.88 g. 5–17 96.6 g of ethylene glycol per 100 g of fluid.

5–6 1.327 and 0.312 atm. To convert atm to pounds/in.2 , 5–18 (a) Tf = 1.09◦ C or 1.96◦ F. These results show that
multiply by 14.70. the use of sucrose will be of little help; (b) Discuss
with your classmates other possibilities to deal with
5–7 (a) p11 = 9 lb/in.2 ; p12 = 34 lb/in.2 ; (b) P = 43 lb/ this emergency.
in.2
5–19 2.4 atm.
5–8 (a) See the sections on Raoult’s law and Henry’s law.
(pp. 117); (b) See Problems 5–9. 5–20 π = 6.84 atm; p = 0.12 mm Hg.

5–9 (a) X O2 = 4.61 × 10−6 ; X N2 = 9.33 × 10−6 ; (b)
total mole fraction concentration = 13.94 × 10−6 ;
(c) in water, oxygen constitutes one third of the pres-
sure; (d) yes: one third is greater than one fifth.
5–10 (a) 32.46 g/mole; (b) the boiling point is 100.157◦ C;
(c) 7.54 atm. Using equation (5–35), we find π =
6.87 atm.
5–11 From vapor pressure lowering, M2 = 390 g/mole.
From boiling point elevation, M2 = 395 g/mole. From
osmotic pressure, M2 = 411 g/mole.
5–21 386 g/mole.
5–22 π = 243 mm of solution; Tb = 5.07 × 10−4 deg;
Tf = 1.85 × 10−3 deg; p = 3.14 × 10−3 mm Hg.
The best colligative property for determining the
molecular weight of this macromolecule is osmotic
pressure, for the easiest to measure is π = 243-
mm solution. The other values are too small to mea-
sure accurately. The determination of the molec-
ular weights of macromolecules is discussed in
Chapter 16.