Hybrids-Simulation using Different Model Basis for

Converter Dominated Distribution Grid

Jiang TU Ilmenau Germany
 Hybrids-Simulation using Different Model Basis for
Converter Dominated Distribution Grid

• Parallel operation of the converter units: increased feeder branches

and integrators
• Interaction between the parallel-connected converters?
• Increasing the risk of network instability?
• Modeling  Large dimensions and large number of inverters
 Hybrids-Simulation using Different Model Basis for
Converter Dominated Distribution Grid

 Converter model: Consists of grid circuit and Iinv U

Lf Rf LN RN 20kV/110kV
DC
control circuit Inverter V
power
bridge W
source
Models with different depths: Switching
signal
PWM
 DEM: With highest Model depth, high accuracy, Controller
Uabc Retransformation
complex structure abc Current idreal dq
vdq iqreal abc
dq controller
Udcref
 AVM: Signals with the average values Voltage
Udcreal PLL
controller idref
Qsref reactive Measurement and
 PM: Currents and voltage with RMS and phases Qireal power iqref
coordinate
controller transformation
 Hybrids-Simulation using Different Model Basis for
Converter Dominated Distribution Grid
1 degree at 50 Hz 1 cycle 1 second 1 minute 1 hour

Decoupled Current Controller System level Simulation

Power system

PLL
controls

Protections

Prime mover control

Load frequency control

Lightning over-voltages
Power system

Line switching voltages

phenomena

Sub-synchronous resonance

Transient stability
Long term dynamics
AVM PM
10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104
Time scale [s]

• Detailed Model (DM)

• Average Value Model (AVM)
• Phasor Model (PM)
Hybrids-Simulation using Different Model Basis for
Converter Dominated Distribution Grid

real-time simulation
• Control prototyping: Test the control algorithm
with a real plant
• Hardware in the loop: Test the real controller
with a simulated plant
• Software in the loop: Both controller and plant
can be simulated in realtime in the same
simulator
• Realtime performance of power converter
models with different depths
Hybrids-Simulation using Different Model Basis for
Converter Dominated Distribution Grid

real-time simulation
• Control prototyping: Test the control algorithm
with a real plant
• Hardware in the loop: Test the real controller
with a simulated plant
• Software in the loop: Both controller and plant
can be simulated in realtime in the same
simulator
• Realtime performance of power converter
models with different depths

Solution?
 Hybrids-Simulation using Different Model Basis for
Converter Dominated Distribution Grid

simulation with parallel computing

Dynamic Network Reduction

• Aggregated model to emulate the overlaid

grid in controlled voltage source
• Aggregated model to emulate the underlying
grid as controlled current source
 Hybrids-Simulation using Different Model Basis for
Converter Dominated Distribution Grid
EphasorSim
KW

KW
20000
I

Model dimention bus number

10000 ePHASOR PM Subsystem EMT Subsystem

2000
sim U∠ φ

KW
1000
HYPERSIM PM
U∠ φ
EMT
Large Scale Power System Simulation Simulation
500 I

100 eMEGAsim
0,4kV Grid Based on Matlab/Simulink and eFPGAsim
10 SimPowerSystem Power electronic on FPGA

0
eMegaSim 1s 10ms 10μs 1μs 100ns 10ns
Time intervall for simulation process

Simulation with cosimulation

 Hybrids-Simulation using Different Model Basis for
Converter Dominated Distribution Grid
150
ICo-simulation
EphasorSim IAVM
IPM
KW 100
KW

50

Current at PCC [A]

KW
0
Inverter Interval Usage-
Model System
number [μs] value [%]
-50
Co- 2 50 200 8,45
0,4kV Grid
simulati 50 27,45
-100 on

eMegaSim
-150
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time [s]
Original model Co-simulation Fit

Peak value P 0.435MW 0.4349MW 99.97%

Peak value Q 0.316MVar 0.309MVar 97.78%
Overshoot P 2.065MW 2.0651MW 99,99%
Overshoot Q 0.684MVar 0.691MVar 98.98%
Rise time [s] 0.011 0.0111 98.18%
Settling time P [s] 0.043 0.0429 99.76%
Settling time Q [s] 0.12 0.124 96.77%
 Demonstrator & Conclusion
OPAL RT
eMEGAsim

fKPI(t)

t
= =
=
=
=
Intranetzbezierk-
(t)
wechselwirkungen = =
=
=
= = =
fKPI(t) = =
t
=
t
Internetzbezierkwechselwirkungen

Emulation of the 20kV at 400V level:

• Scaling of voltage 1:50 (20kV: 400V)
• Scaling of the current 1:50
• Inverter as back-to-back configuration
• Power per inverter5kVA @ 400V  12,5MVA @ 20kV and 2kVA @ 400V  5 MVA @ 20kV
THANK YOU
Simulation
 800
Simulation 20000
Current controller_KI
700 Current controller_KP
Q-Controller_KI
600 15000

Imaginary axis in s -1
Q-Controller_KP

Imaginary axis in s -1
500 Voltage controller_KI
Voltage controller_KP
400 10000
300
200 Number of converters 5000
Operating point_P
100
Operating point_Q
0 0
-450 -400 -350 -250 -300 -200 -150 -2000 -1800 -1600 -1400 -1200 -1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0
-1
Real axis in s Real axis in s -1

440
 An increasing number of converters in a network
439
district destabilize this network district.
Imaginary axis in s -1

438  An increasing number of converters in another

437 network district, which is coupled by a superimposed
network, leads to the destabilization of the network
436 Conductor_C
Conductor_L district.
Conductor_R
435 Conductor_R/X  R-component and higher R/X ratios of lines and
Conductor_Z
Transformer_R/X transformers in a network district have a positive
434
-197 -196.5 -196 -195.5 -195 -194.5 -194 -193.5 influence on the stability of the network district.
Real axis in s -1

 Number of converters ↑  System stability ↓

 Solution?
 Solution 1: Stabilizer
0.532 0.51 0.488 0.466 0.444
390
3 CV
0.554 4 CV
4 CV with Gz=0.6
5 CV
380 5 CV with Gz=2.0
6 CV
6 CV with Gz=2.5

Imaginary axis in s -1
370
0.574

360

350
0.594

340

-250 -240 -230 -220 -210 -200 -190

Real axis in s -1

 Stabilizer with the preset impedance Gz

 Online-Stabilizer-Approach: Gz update according to operating point
Solution 2: Dynamic controller tuning (DCT)
1.5
105
Without DCT
DCT in network district 2
DCT in network district 1
1 DCT in both network districts

Imaginary axis in s -1
0.5

-0.5

-1

-1.5
-8000 -7000 -6000 -5000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0
Real axis in s -1

 Stabilization effect on inter- and intranet district interactions

 Stabilization at partial and transitional implementation
 Online capability
Outlook 1
 Measurements by TEN in the MV/LV network
 Sample rate 100 kHz, 1-min values, 200-Hz
bands
 Correlation harmonic spectrum and operating
point of the converter
 Harmonic spectrum as a "fingerprint" of the
converter
Outlook 2