NCM112 Prelims - GMJ

RLE - Module 2 III Disorder

III Disorders - A face mask is worn upon entry into the patient room
1. Hepatitis B - Use Standard Precautions when handling items
2. Malaria contaminated with respiratory secretions
3. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever - PPE must be removed at the point of exit; do not
4. Tuberculosis reuse face masks
5. Rheumatoid arthritis - Hand hygiene follows PPE removal
6. Measles PPE FOR AIRBORNE PRECAUTION
7. Asthma - Particulate respirator (e.g. N95) or powered air
8. Crohn’s disease purifying respirator (PAPR) worn before entry
9. Multiple sclerosis - With a particulate respirator, perform a fit-check
10. Diabetes before entering an area where they may be airborne
11. Myasthenia gravis infectious disease
12. COVID/SARS FOR ALL ISOLATION TYPES
STANDARD VS. TRANSMISSION-BASED  Limit transport and movement of patients outside of their
PRECAUTIONS room
- Standard Precautions:  Any infected areas must be contained/covered
apply to ALL care activities regardless of suspected or  PPE is not worn during patient transport
confirmed infection status  When patients must leave their room there must be good
- Transmission-Based Precautions: hand-off communication among staff
added measures to prevent the spread of disease from
patients with known or suspected disease
PPE FOR STANDARD PRECAUTION

TYPES OF TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTIONS
a. Contact Precaution
Methods used to contain diseases that are spread by:
o Direct Contact - Contact with the patient
o Indirect Contact - Contact with the patient’s
environment
b. Droplet Precaution
Prevents transmission of diseases spread by large
respiratory droplets through coughing, sneezing, or
talking.
c. Airborne Precaution
Prevents transmission of infectious agents that are very
small and remain viable and suspended in the air over
long distances.
PPE FOR CONTACT PRECAUTION
Gown and gloves at entry point, before contact with a patient
or patient’s environment Potentially contaminated objects
include:
- Objects, such as tray tables and bedrails Medical
equipment (Blood Pressure cuff)
- Dedicated patient equipment is preferred
- PPE removed at the point of exit, prompt hand
hygiene
KEY MESSAGES
1. Transmission-Based Precautions include Contact,
Droplet and Airborne Isolation
2. In general, appropriate PPE is based upon how an
organism can be transmitted
3. Standard Precautions should be used for all patients
in addition to their Transmission-Based Precautions
DIAGNOSTIC/LABORATORY TEST
a) ESR (Erythrocyte sedimentation rate) – a test that
indirectly measures the degree of inflammation present in
the body
b) CRP (C- reactive protein) – Measures the amount of CRP
in the blood to detect inflammation due to acute
conditions or to monitor the severity of disease in chronic
conditions
c) Blood Culture – a test to check for bacteria, yeast, fungi,
or other microorganisms in the blood. Blood cultures can
help identify the type of microorganism that is causing an
infection
d) Typhidot – is done to detect antibodies against Salmonella
typhi. Salmonella typhi is responsible for causing typhoid
fever.
e) AFB (acid fast bacillus) culture – test is most often used
to diagnose an active tuberculosis (TB) infection.
f) Ultrasound – an imaging test that uses sound waves to
creates picture (also known as a sonogram) of organs,
tissues, and other structures inside the body. Unlike x-
rays, ultrasounds don't use any radiation

PPE FOR DROPLET PRECAUTION