Learning Package for Grade 11 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Unit 1

Sessions 1-5
I. Objectives:
a. Identify the various literary texts of Philippine literary history from pre-colonial to
the contemporary.
b. Inculcate the values presented in every literary presented.
c. Writing a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts of Philippine
literary history from pre-colonial to the contemporary.

II. Subject Matter, References, and Materials

a. Subject Matter: 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
b. References:
 Fitzpatrick, Kristine. (2013) RELIGION AND SPANISH COLONIALISM IN THE
PHILIPPINES. Retrieved
from:https://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/handle/1793/66613/Fitzpatric
k_Thesis.pdf?sequence=1
 Caballero, Marjorie A. and Revuelto, Rey M. (2019).Crossing Horizons
Through 21st Century Literature
 Katrina Melissa Cruz. 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE PHILIPPINES
AND THE WORLD. Retrieved from
https://21stcenturylitph.wordpress.com/introduction-to-philippine-
literature/
 Ocay, Jahwella. (2017). What is 21st Century Literature? Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/jahwella/what-is-21st-century-literature
 Anonymous author. (2013). FILIPINO CONTEMPORARY WRITERS. Retrieved
from https://josadera.blogspot.com/2013/10/ncr-authors.html
c. Materials: PowerPoint Presentation
Learning Package

III. Procedures:
a. Getting Ready Activity
Students will be asked to explain and expound the quote below.

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Learning Package for Grade 11 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Unit 1

b. Input Activity
I. Pre- Colonial Era (Early Times-564)
This is the literary period before the coming of the Spaniards and considered
as the first and longest literary history among the other periods. Oral literature marks
the birth of literature in the Philippines. Different stories of myths, folks and
narratives meant to be sung were passed hand in hand orally. Oral literature serves
to be their language of life and their way of promoting cultural heritage. Their riddles,
proverbs and other forms of poetry were based on their community and real-life
experiences. History states that Filipinos before the arrival of the Spaniards had an
alphabet called syllabary.

In Filipino, they call it alibata. Syllabary or alibata was probably of Sanskrit or Arabic
Provenance. It is consisted of seventeen symbols, or which three were vowels
standing for the present five vowels and fourteen consonants.

FORMS OF LITERATURE DURING THE PRE-COLONIAL ERA

a. Pre-Colonial Poetry
Early forms of poetry during the pre-colonial era were meant to be recited in a
manner of songs and chants. Without proper training and education in terms of
writing, early Filipinos managed to show measurement and unified rhyming
scheme.
1. Proverbs- these are truths and wise sayings express in a language that is
popularly known. These are often called expressions of wisdom which is
based on common sense and real-life experiences.
2. Tanaga- a poem in quatrain containing seven syllables each line with a
monorine.
3. Folk Song- this is a form of lyrical expression created by people according to
their region.
4. Riddles- this is a game in a form of mystifying question and a mind puzzle
intended to be solved
b. Prose Narratives
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Learning Package for Grade 11 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Unit 1

Prose narratives were created to give an explanation about a certain natural

phenomenon. These are stories of mythological creatures, legends and humans
with supernatural power transmitted orally and preserved as part of the
region’s history.
1. Epic- this is a long narrative poem about quests and exciting adventures of a
hero with unusual strength and power
2. Myth- This is a story of gods and goddesses told using a traditional language
explaining mysteries, beliefs, and cultural practices.
3. Fables- these are stories intended to teach human values with animals as
major characters attributing human qualities.
4. Legends- these are stories explaining origins handed down from the past
and passed through different generations.

II. Spanish Colonization Era (1565-1898)

The Spanish discovered the Philippines in 1521 when Ferdinand Magellan

landed at Cebu during his attempt to circumnavigate the globe. Formal colonization
and a direct Spanish influence did not occur until Miguel Lopez de Legaspi attempted
to colonize Cebu forty-four years later. Relatively few Spanish colonists settled in the
Philippines due to its secondary economic status although Spanish missionaries,
including the Jesuits, were sent to establish Spanish trade port cities and to convert
the indigenous peoples to Catholicism.

Religion and ritual practices were important to both the indigenous Filipinos
and the Spanish colonizers. In the pre-Hispanic Philippines, ritual leaders known as
catalonan or babaylan, maintained ritual order and relatively high social status
among the barangay, the basic socio-economic unit.

Philippine Christianization is not just the biggest contribution of the Spaniards

towards the Filipino people but also created a big impact in Philippine literature
during the era. The Spaniards attempted to teach Filipinos the Spanish language for
they wanted their poems and other writings play a major role in the society.

The first Filipino alphabet called alibata was also replaced by the Roman
alphabet. During this period Filipino writers started to write articles about the
negative impacts and effects of colonization in the country. In 1953, Doctrina
Christiana was the first book published in the Philippines. It was a collection of
prayers written in Spanish translated in Tagalog.

During the colonization period of Spain, the revolutionary era emerges.

Revolutionary period in our Philippine literary journey marked a drastic period of
inflamed emotions and fiery rhetoric on the account of achieving freedom from the
shackles of tyranny. Revolutionary period likewise saw various literary masterpieces
written as ammunition and shield in the ever-changing tide of war to independence.

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Learning Package for Grade 11 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Unit 1

Periodicals and magazines were likewise continued to flourish as both avenue

for idea propagation and vehicle for literary initiatives. There are two groups of
writers during this period and they are as follow:

THE REVOLUTIONARISTS
Revolutionary Literature
a. Political Essay
b. Poetry
Writer Pen Name Famous Work (during this Period)
Andres Bonifacio Agapito Bagumbayan 1. Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga
Tagalog.
2. Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga
Anak ng Bayan (Ang Dekalogo)
3. Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa
4. Huling Paalam
5. Hibik ng Pilipinas
Emilio Jacinto Dimas-Ilaw 1. Ang Kartilya ng Katipunan
2. Liwanag at Dilim
3. A Mi Madre (To my Mother)
4. A La Patria (To my Country)
Apolinario Mabini Dimlas-Ilaw/ 1. El Verdadero Decalogo (The True
Paralitico Decalogue)
2. El Desarollo y Caida de la
Republica Filipina (The Rise and
Fall of the Philippine Republic)
3. Sa Bayang Pilipino (To the Filipino
Nation)
4. Pahayag
Jose Palma Juventino 1. Himno Nacional Filipino
(Philippine National Anthem)
2. Melancolias (Melancholies)
3. De Mi Jardin (In my Garden)

THE PROPAGANDISTS
Propaganda Literature
a. Political Essays – satires, editorials and news articles were written to
attack and expose the evils of Spanish rule.
 1882 – Diariong Tagalog
 1888 – La Solidaridad
b. Political Novels
 1887 – Noli Me Tangere
 1891 – El Filibusterismo
1. Graciano López Jaena, publisher of La Solidaridad, the movement's
principal organ
2. Marcelo H. del Pilar - the editor and co-publisher of the La Solidaridad and
wrote under the name "Plaridel"
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Learning Package for Grade 11 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Unit 1

3. Antonio Novicio Luna - wrote for La Solidaridad under the name "Taga-Ilog"
4. Juan Novicio Luna - painter and sculptor
5. Jose Maria Panganiban - wrote for La Solidaridad under the name
"Jomapa"
6. Pedro Ignacio Paterno - served as prime minister of the first Philippine
Republic
7. Mariano Ponce - wrote for La Solidaridad under the name "Tikbalang”, the
organization's secretary
8. Dr. Jose Rizal - author of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, wrote for
La Solidaridad under the name "Laon Laan"

III. American Colonization Era (1899-1945)

In 1898, the United States declared war on Spain, ultimately resulting in what
is called the Treaty of Paris, in which the Spanish agreed to give up the islands of the
Philippines in exchange for $20,000,000. During first years, there were some conflicts
between the U.S. and The Philippines. But during World War I, they came together
and the Filipinos fought alongside the Americans.

After World War I ended, the U.S. continued to rule over the Philippines, and
gradually their relationship became much more friendly.

In 1934, the Tydings/McDuffie Law was passed, making the Philippines

commonwealth of the U.S. The United States agreed to give the Philippines 10 years
to prepare for their complete independence. But because of World War II and the
Japanese invasion of the Philippines, that promise was not realized until 1946.

On July 4, 1946, the United States declared the Philippines an independent

nation. Now, the relation between Americans and Filipinos are very friendly and
warm. Filipinos love America and Americans. They often decorate their jeepneys
with American flags or “God Bless the USA.” They also enjoy American music and
clothing, while still retaining their own Filipino way of life.

During the American regime, there are several influences made and they are
as follow:

 The public school system was their biggest contribution in the country
 Thomasites were American soldiers who came to the Philippines to become
teachers
 Americans introduced the idea of free education to the Philippine islands. The
United States even sent teachers to help establish schools where the Filipino
children could have a free education. A large group of these teachers were
called Thomasites, named after the boat, that they came on, called Thomas.
 Adoption of the American language in the national language
 English was chosen to be the second language of the country

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Learning Package for Grade 11 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Unit 1

 During this time, English began to be taught in the schools, and this is the
language that the teachers would use. Even today, most Filipinos can’t help
but mix in English words when they speak. “Taglish” has literally become part
of the culture. In fact, English is now the 2nd national language. Lots of
English words have made their way into the Tagalog language. Often they are
pronounced the same, but the dictionary spelling is Filipino-ized.
 Introduced the English Alphabet

 Period of Re-Orientation (1900-1910)- Not much literary work were produced

because writers were still adjusting to:
 the idea of democracy
 the new phraseology of the English language
 standards of the English literary style
 Period of Apprenticeship/Imitation (1910-1930)- Philippine literature in
English, as a direct result of American colonization of the country, could not
escape being imitative of American models of writing especially during its
period of apprenticeship.
 Period of Emergence/Self Discovery or Growth (1920-1930)- Filipino writers
had acquired the mastery of English writing.

IV. Japanese Colonization Era (1945-1960)

In the year 1941-1945, Philippine Literature was interrupted in its

development when the Philippines were again conquered by another foreign country,
Japan. Philippine literature in English came to halt.

After the war, it took some time before the writers could find their bearings.
Writing in English was consigned to limbo. The reason was that almost writings in
English were stopped or strictly prohibited by the Japanese.

Filipino had by this time, learned to express themselves more confidently but
post-war problems beyond language and print like economic stability, the threat of
new ideas and morality had to be grappled with side by side.

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Learning Package for Grade 11 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Unit 1

The Americans returned to the Philippines in 1945 to end the Japanese rule.
The Filipinos were jubilant and the guerillas who fled in the mountains joined the
liberating American Army. The post liberation period was marked by ‘’struggle of
mind and spirit” posed by the sudden emancipation from the Japanese rule and the
strong desire to experience the freedom of writing.

FILIPINO WRITERS and their Works during the Japanese Colonization Era
Macario Pineda
– Ginto sa Makiling

Virginia R. Moreno
– Order for Masks

Estrella Alfon
– Magnificence

Nick Joaquin
– The Summer Solstice

Stevan Jovellana
– Without Seeing the Dawn

V. Contemporary Era (2000 up to present)

 is anything that was written and published in the year 2000s.

 New literary works created within the last decade
 Imaginative writing
 Deals with current themes and reflects technological culture
 Often breaks traditional writing
 Traces artistic representation of shared and familiar experiences

Contemporary writers often consciously draw inspiration and ideas

from the writers who have come before them.

As an outcome, many works of 21st literature deal with the events,

movements and literature of the past in order to make sense of the current
times.

In addition, the technological developments of the 21st century have

directed other writers to theoretically write about the future, usually to
comment on the present and suggest introspection.

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Learning Package for Grade 11 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Unit 1

Literary Genre, Authors and their works during the Contemporary Era
Creative Nonfiction
It’s a rich mix of flavors, ideas, and techniques, some of which are
newly invented and others as old as writing itself. Creative nonfiction can be an
essay, a journal article, a research paper, a memoir, or a poem; it can be personal
or not, or it can be all of these.
Some of the creative nonfiction in the Philippines are:
1. “The Cardinal’s Sins, the General’s Cross, the Martyr’s Testimony, and
Other Affirmations” by Gregorio C. Brillantes
2. “Manananggal Terrorizes Manila and Other Stories” by Jessica Zafra
3. “Sapay Koma” by Jhoanna Lynn Cruz
Hyper poetry
 Hypertext poetry and hypertext fiction are new genres of literature that
use the computer screen as medium, rather than the printed page.
 The literary works rely on the qualities unique to a digital environment,
such as linked World Wide Web pages or effects such as sound and
movement.
 Hypertext “poetry” can consist of words, although not necessarily
organized into lines and stanzas, as well as, sounds, visual images,
movement or other special effects.
Example:

1. Collection of Poems written by Filipino Artists

http://10poemsthatwrittenbyfilipinos.blogspot.co.id/...
2. Hyperpoem by Renne Chua *you can see the pictures below that's it! Or you
can visit the page https://reneechua.wordpress.com/2016/08/25/hyper-
poetry/
Source: https://www.facebook.com/1166493233452053/posts/what-is-
hyperpoetrythis-genre-also-called-cyberpoetry-as-well-as-other-names-
has/1191063140995062/
Mobile phone text tula
 A cell phone novel, or mobile
phone novel is a literary work originally
written on a cellular phone via text
messaging.
 This type of literature originated
in Japan, where it has become a popular
literary genre. However, its popularity
has also spread to other countries
internationally, especially to China,
United States, Germany, and South
Africa.
 Chapters usually consist of about
70-100 words each due to character limitations on cell phones
Source:
https://www.google.com/search?q=mobile+phone+text+tula+example+in+the+philippines&sxsrf=A
LeKk02bmdDOJ9SUOvACKeb5fsd35v9z4A:1608685718225&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2a

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Learning Package for Grade 11 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Unit 1

hUKEwjBw6im9eLtAhWNQN4KHdJHDJIQ_AUoAXoECAQQAw&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=PHnn_Ltc
PU1clM

Chick lit
 This is genre fiction, which “consists of heroin-centered narratives that
focus on the trials and tribulations of their individual protagonists”.
 The genre often addresses issues of modern womanhood – from
romantic relationships to female friendships to matters in the workplace
– in humorous and lighthearted ways.
 Genre of fiction which addresses issues of modern womanhood, often
humorously and lightheartedly.
Some of the chick lit in the Philippines are:
1. Spotlight New Adult by Mina V. Esguerra
2. Tall Story by Candy Gourlay
3. All’s Fair in Blog and War by Chrissie Peria
Speculative fiction
 It covers all stories from fantasy to science fiction to slipstream to magic
realism to urban fantasy — so on and so forth. In other words (or in other
worlds), it encompasses all the stories that are removed from the reality
that we are currently living in.
 As the introduction states, “speculative fiction is a type of story that deals
with observations of the human condition but offers the experience
through a different lens…and challenges us to see what tomorrow could
be like or what the mythic past of our imagination actually is.”
Some of the speculative fiction in the Philippines are:
1. Smaller and Smaller Circles by FH Batacan
2. Sink by Isabel Yap
3. The Secret Origin of Spin-Man by Andrew Drilon
Flash fiction
 Flash fiction goes by many names, including microfiction, microstories,
short-shorts, short stories, very short stories, sudden fiction, postcard
fiction and nanofiction. While it can be difficult to pinpoint an exact
definition of flash fiction based on word count, consideration of several of
its features can help provide clarity, like its brevity, length, background and
purpose.
Some of the flash fiction in the Philippines are:
1. 100 Kislap by Abdon M. Balde Jr.
2. Karapote: Antolohia Dagiti 13 a Nasuerte A Sarita by Ariel S. Tabag

Blog
 A blog (shortening of “weblog”) is an online journal or informational
website displaying information in the reverse chronological order, with
latest posts appearing first.
 It is a platform where a writer or even a group of writers share their views
on an individual subject.

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Learning Package for Grade 11 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Unit 1

Graphic novels
 The ‘graphic novel’ has existed as an art form arguably from the time our
species learned how to paint. However, the term has only been in use
since the 1960’s, and though it’s often a hotly debated issue, it’s generally
accepted that a graphic novel is a longer work or collection of works
presented in ‘comics’ style.
 Narrative in comic book formats.
Some of the graphic novels in the Philippines are:
1.The Mythology Class (Nautilus comics) by Arnold Arre
2. Light (Anino comics) by Rob Cham
4. Sixty Six (Anino comics) by Russell Molina
3. Maktan 1521 by Tepai Pascual

Illustrated Novels
 Story through text and illustrated images

DIGI-FICTION
 It is a literary experience that combines three media: book, movie/video,
and Internet websites.
MANGA
 It is used in the English-speaking world as a generic term for all comic
books and graphic novels originally published in Japan.
DOODLE FICTION
 A literary presentation where the author incorporates doodle drawings
and hand written graphics in place of traditional font
SPECULATIVE FICTION
 Dystopian, supernatural fiction, weird fiction, superhero fiction,
apocalyptic/post-apocalyptic, fantastical fiction, sci-fi
SPOKEN POETRY
 Oral art that focuses on the aesthetics of word play and intonation and
voice inflection.

c. Practice/Extension Activity
I. Pre-colonial Era
Students will do the following activities:
a. Riddle Guessing
b. Folk Song Origin (Analysis)
c. Explain and Expound (Proverbs)
d. Tanaga Creation (bravery and heroism)

II. Spanish Colonization Era

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Learning Package for Grade 11 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Unit 1

Students will do a literary critique on the Philippine National Anthem

III. American Colonization Era

Students will do a short skit on the influences of the Americans on Philippine Literature

IV. Japanese Colonization Era

Students will do a short analysis on the poem titled “Order for Masks”

V. Contemporary Era
Students will be assigned on any of the forms of literature during the contemporary era
and will make one as a group.

d. Evaluation Activity

I. Pre-colonial Era: Create a literary analysis on the Myth “Si Malakas at si Maganda” by filling
int the table below:

Characters with Characterization

Setting

Plot (numeric form)

Lesson (in a form of quotation)

II. Spanish Colonization Era: Make a reflection paper about the poem “Pag-Ibig sa Tinubuang
Lupa” by Andres Bonifacio.

III. American Colonization Era: Make a reflection paper on the events that happened during
the American Colonization Era.

IV. Japanese Colonization Era: Discuss the literary merits of the Nick Joaquin’s work, “The
Summer Solstice” by looking for the following:
A. Universality
B. Permanence

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Learning Package for Grade 11 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Unit 1

C. Emotional Value
D. Intellectual Value
E. Artistry

V. Contemporary Era: Perform a spoken poetry through video recording focusing on any topic
that interests you.

All tasks (written output, video presentations, etc.) must be turned in in our Google Classroom on or
before 5:00 p.m. the day after our sessions. Tasks to be accomplished in your Genyo account must be
done on or before 5:00 pm on the day of our session. Any changes regarding the submission of your
outputs will be posted in our Google Classroom.

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