1.WHAT IS SOLUTION?

Solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or

more substances, the relative proportions of
which may vary continuously within certain limits
and evenly distributed in each other.
 2. ways of expressing
concentration solution
1. Weight/Volume Percent
Concentration = amount of solute/amount of
solution
%W/V= (grams solute/milliliters of solution) x 100
 2. ways of expressing
concentration solution
2. Weight/Weight Percent

%WW = (grams solute/grams solute + grams

solvent) x 100
 2. ways of expressing
concentration solution
3. Mole Fraction (X)

Mole Fraction (XA) = nA/nT where:

XA= mole fraction of A
nA= number of moles of
A nT= total number of moles
 2. ways of expressing
concentration solution
4. Molarity (M)

Molarity= moles of solute/ liter of solution

M= (wt of solute/ mwt of solute)/ L of solution
 2. ways of expressing
concentration solution
5. Molality

Molality = moles of solute/ kilogram of solvent

M = (wt. solute/mwt solute) / kg solvent
3. Factors affecting solubility
1.Temperature - Most solid or liquid solutes
dissolves faster with higher. The higher the
temperature, the more easy and faster for the
solute to dissolve.
3. Factors affecting solubility
2. Stirring- as we stir faster and constantly, the
faster the solute to dissolve.
3. Factors affecting solubility
3. Particle size- small particles have a higher
interfacial solubility. The smaller the particle, the
faster for it to dissolve.
3. Factors affecting solubility
4. Pressure- the higher the pressure, the faster
for the solute to dissolve.