CHAPTER 2 – Minimum Design Loads 2-7
Table 204-1 Minimum Densities for Design Loads from Materials (kN/m3)
Material Density
Aluminum ................................................................................... 26.7
Bituminous Products
Asphaltum ......................................................................... 12.7
Graphite ............................................................................. 21.2
Paraffin ............................................................................... 8.8
Petroleum, crude ................................................................ 8.6
Petroleum, refined .............................................................. 7.9
Petroleum, benzine ............................................................. 7.2
Petroleum, gasoline ............................................................ 6.6
Pitch ................................................................................... 10.8
Tar ..................................................................................... 11.8
Brass ........................................................................................... 82.6
Bronze ........................................................................................ 86.7
Cast-stone masonry (cement, stone, sand) ................................. 22.6
Cement, portland, loose .............................................................. 14.1
Ceramic tile ................................................................................ 23.6
Charcoal ....................................................................................... 1.9
Cinder fill .................................................................................... 9.0
Cinders, dry, in bulk .................................................................... 7.1
Coal
Anthracite, piled ................................................................. 8.2
Bituminous, piled ............................................................... 7.4
Lignite, piled ...................................................................... 7.4
Peat, dry, piled .................................................................... 3.6
Concrete, Plain
Cinder ................................................................................ 17.0
Expanded-slag aggregate .................................................. 15.7
Haydite (burned-clay aggregate) ....................................... 14.1
Slag .................................................................................... 20.7
Stone .................................................................................. 22.6
Vermiculite and perlite aggregate, nonload-bearing …..3.9-7.9
Other light aggregate, load bearing …………………11.0-16.5
Concrete, Reinforced
Cinder ................................................................................ 17.4
Slag .................................................................................... 21.7
Stone, (including gravel) ................................................... 23.6
Copper ........................................................................................ 87.3
Cork, compressed ....................................................................... 2.2
Earth (not submerged)
Clay, dry ............................................................................ 9.9
Clay, damp ........................................................................ 17.3
Clay and gravel, dry .......................................................... 15.7
Silt, moist, loose ................................................................ 12.3
Silt, moist, packed ............................................................. 15.1
Silt, flowing ....................................................................... 17.0
Sand and gravel, dry, loose ................................................ 15.7
Sand and gravel, dry, packed ............................................... 17.3
Sand and gravel, wet ........................................................... 18.9
Earth (submerged)
Clay ................................................................................... 12.6
Soil ..................................................................................... 11.0
River mud .......................................................................... 14.1
Sand or gravel ................................................................... 9.4
Sand or gravel and clay ..................................................... 10.2
Glass ........................................................................................... 25.1
Gravel, dry .................................................................................. 16.3
Gypsum, loose ............................................................................ 11.0
Gypsum, wallboard .................................................................... 7.9
Ice ........................................................................................... 9.0
Iron
Cast .................................................................................. 70.7
Wrought ........................................................................... 75.4
National Structural Code of the Philippines 6 Edition Volume 1
Material Density
Lead .......................................................................................... 111.5
Lime
Hydrated, loose ................................................................. 5.0
Hydrated, compacted ........................................................ 7.1
Masonry, Ashlar Stone
Granite ............................................................................... 25.9
Limestone, crystalline ....................................................... 25.9
Limestone, oolitic ............................................................. 21.2
Marble ............................................................................... 27.2
Sandstone .......................................................................... 22.6
Masonry, Brick
Hard (low absorption) ....................................................... 20.4
Medium (medium absorption) .......................................... 18.1
Soft (high absorption) ....................................................... 15.7
MASONRY, Concrete (solid portion)
Lightweight units .............................................................. 16.5
Medium weight units ........................................................ 19.6
Normal weight units ......................................................... 21.2
Masonry grout ............................................................................ 22.0
Masonry, Rubble Stone
Granite ............................................................................... 24.0
Limestone, crystalline ....................................................... 23.1
Limestone, oolitic ............................................................. 21.7
Marble ............................................................................... 24.5
Sandstone .......................................................................... 21.5
Mortar, cement or lime ..................................................... 20.4
Particle board ............................................................................. 7.1
Plywood ..................................................................................... 5.7
Riprap (not nubmerged)
Limestone .......................................................................... 13.0
Sandstone .......................................................................... 14.1
Sand
Clean and dry .................................................................... 14.1
River, dry .......................................................................... 16.7
Slag
Bank .................................................................................. 11.0
Bank screenings ................................................................ 17.0
Machine ............................................................................. 15.1
Sand ................................................................................... 8.2
Slate ............................................................................................ 27.0
Steel, cold-drawn ....................................................................... 77.3
Stone, Quarried, Piled
Basalt, granite, gneiss ....................................................... 15.1
Limestone, marble, quartz ................................................ 14.9
Sandstone .......................................................................... 12.9
Shale .................................................................................. 14.5
Greenstone, hornblende .................................................... 16.8
Terra Cotta, Architectural
Voids filled ……………………………………………... 18.9
Voids unfilled …………………………………………… 11.3
Tin .............................................................................................. 72.1
Water
Fresh .................................................................................. 9.8
Sea ..................................................................................... 10.1
Wood (see Table 6.2 for relative densities for Philippine wood)
Zinc, rolled sheet ........................................................................ 70.5
th
2-8 CHAPTER 2 – Minimum Design Loads

Table 204-2 Minimum Design Dead Loads (kPa) (Use actual loads when available)

Component Load Component Load Component Load

CEILINGS FLOOR FILL FRAME WALLS
Acoustical Fiber Board ........... 0.05 Cinder concrete, per mm ..........0.017 Exterior stud walls:
Gypsum Board (per mm Lightweight concrete, per mm ..0.015 50x100 mm @ 400 mm, 15-mm
thickness) .......................... 0.008 Sand, per mm ............................0.015 gypsum, insulated, 10-mm
Mechanical duct allowance ...... 0.20 Stone concrete, per mm ............0.023 siding ........ ........................ 0.53
Plaster on tile or concrete ....... 0.24 FLOOR AND FLOOR FINISHES 50x150 mm @ 400 mm, 15-mm
Plaster on wood lath ............... 0.38 gypsum, insulated, 10-mm
Suspended steel channel Asphalt block (50 mm), 13 mm siding ……….....................0.57
system ................................. 0.10 mortar .....................................1.44 Exterior stud wall with brick
Suspended metal lath and cement Cement finish (25 mm) on stone- veneer ................................ 2.30
plaster ................................. 0.72 concrete fill.............................1.53 Windows, glass, frame and
Suspended metal lath and Ceramic or quarry tile (20 mm) sash .................................... 0.38
gypsum plaster .................... 0.48 on 13 mm mortar bed .............0.77 Clay brick wythes:
Wood furring suspension Ceramic or quarry tile (20 mm) 100 mm .............................. 1.87
system ................................. 0.12 on 25 mm mortar bed .............1.10 200 mm .............................. 3.80
Concrete fill finish (per mm 300 mm .............................. 5.50
COVERINGS, Roof and Wall thickness)..............................0.023 400 mm .............................. 7.42
Asphalt shingles .........................0.10 Hardwood flooring, 22 mm ........0.19
Cement tile .................................0.77 Linoleum or asphalt tile, 6mm ....0.05 CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS
Clay tile (for mortar add 0.48 kPa) Marble and mortar on stone- Hollow Concrete Masonry units
Book tile, 50 mm ...................0.57 concrete fill.............................1.58 (Unplastered, add 0.24 kPa for
Book tile, 75 mm ....................0.96 Slate (per mm thickness) ..........0.028 each face plastered)
Ludowici .................................0.48 Solid flat tile on 25 mm mortar Grout Wythe thickness (mm)
Roman.....................................0.57 base.........................................1.10 Spacing 100 150 200
Spanish ...................................0.91 Subflooring, 19 mm ....................0.14 16.5 kN/m3 Density of Unit
Composition: Terrazzo (38 mm) directly on No grout 1.05 1.15 1.48
Three-ply ready roofing ..........0.05 slab .........................................0.91 800 1.40 1.53 2.01
Four-ply felt and gravel ..........0.26 Terrazzos (25 mm) on stone- 600 1.50 1.63 2.20
Five-ply felt and gravel ...........0.29 concrete fill.............................1.53 400 1.79 1.92 2.54
Copper or tin...............................0.05 Terrazzo (25 mm), 50 mm stone Full 2.50 2.63 3.59
Corrugated asbestos-cement concrete ..................................1.53 19.6 kN/m3 Density of Unit
roofing ....................................0.19 Wood block (76 mm) on mastic,
No grout 1.24 1.34 1.72
Deck, metal 20 gage ...................0.12 no fill ......................................0.48
800 1.59 1.72 2.25
Deck, metal, 18 gage ..................0.14 Wood block (76 mm) on 13 mm
Fiberboard, 13 mm .....................0.04 mortar base .............................0.77 600 1.69 1.87 2.44
Gypsum sheathing, 13 mm .........0.10 400 1.98 2.11 2.82
FLOORS, WOOD-JOIST (no Full 2.69 2.82 3.88
Insulation, roof boards (per mm plaster)
thickness) 21.2 kN/m3 Density of Unit
Cellular glass .................. 0.0013 Joist Joist Spacing No grout 1.39 1.44 1.87
Fibrous glass ................... 0.0021 Sizes 300 400 600 800 1.74 1.82 2.39
Fiberboard ....................... 0.0028 (mm) mm mm mm 600 1.83 1.96 2.59
Perlite .............................. 0.0015 50x150 0.30 0.25 0.25 400 2.13 2.2 2.92
polystyrene foam ............ 0.0004 50x200 0.30 0.30 0.25 Full 2.84 2.97 3.97
Urethane foam with skin ... 0.0009
50x250 0.35 0.30 0.30
Plywood (per mm thickness) 0.0060
Rigid Insulation, 13 mm .......... 0.04 50x300 0.40 0.35 0.30
Skylight, metal frame, FRAME PARTITIONS
10 mm wire glass ................ 0.38
Movable steel partitions................... 0.19
Slate, 5 mm ............................. 0.34
Wood or steel studs, 13 mm
Slate, 6 mm ............................. 0.48
gypsum board each side ............... 0.38
Waterproofing membranes:
Wood studs, 50 x 100,
Bituminous, gravel-covered . 0.26
unplastered ................................. 0.19
Bituminous, smooth surface .. 0.07
Wood studs 50 x 100, plastered
Liquid, applied ..................... 0.05
one side .......................................... 0.57
Single-ply, sheet .................. 0.03
Wood studs 50 x 100, plastered
Wood Sheathing (per mm
two side.......................................... 0.96
thickness)............................ 0.0057
Wood Shingles ...........................0.14

Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines

2-10 CHAPTER 2 – Minimum Design Loads

Table 205-1 – Minimum Uniform and Concentrated Live Loads

Concentrated
Use or Occupancy Uniform Load 1
Load
Category Description kPa kN
Office use 2.4 9.0 2
1. Access floor systems
Computer use 4.8 9.0 2

2. Armories -- 7.2 0

Fixed seats 2.9 0

3. Theaters, assembly areas 3 and Movable seats 4.8 0
auditoriums.
Lobbies and platforms 4.8 0

Stages areas 7.2 0

4. Bowling alleys, poolrooms and similar
-- 3.6 0
recreational areas
5. Catwalk for maintenance access -- 1.9 1.3

6. Cornices and marquees -- 3.6 4 0

7. Dining rooms and restaurants -- 4.8 0

8. Exit facilities 5 -- 4.8 06

General storage and/or repair 4.8 -- 7

9. Garages
Private or pleasure-type motor
1.9 -- 7
vehicle storage
Wards and rooms 1.9 4.5 2
Laboratories & operating
10. Hospitals 2.9 4.5 2
rooms
Corridors above ground floor 3.8 4.5

Reading rooms 2.9 4.5 2

11. Libraries Stack rooms 7.2 4.5 2

Corridors above ground floor 3.8 4.5

Light 6.0 9.0 2

12. Manufacturing
Heavy 12.0 13.4 2

Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines