Chapter 4

By : rraezzz

Ratios, rates and proportions

By : rraezzz subtopic 4.1

 A ratio is used to make comparison between two

or more quantities in a similar group or having
the same units
 The ratio of three quantities is the comparison
between three quantities having the same units
 This ratio is written in the form a : b : c
 A : b : c is read as “the ratio of a to b to c”
 Equivalent ratios is the ratios that represent the
same comparison between quantities
 For example :
 A) ratios of green : red : blue = 2 : 1 : 1
 A) ratios of green : red : blue = 4 : 2 : 2
 Equivalent ratios can be obtained when all the
quantities in the ratios are multiplied or divided by
the same number
By : rraezzz subtopic 4.2

 Rate is the change of one quantity with respect

to another quantity
 Rate is special case of ratio which involves two
measurements in different units
 For example, aminah can type 5 letters in 10
second. The quantities are the number of letters
and time. Therefore, the rate at which aminah
type s is 5 letter / 10 seconds
 Rates are often use in daily situations such as
speed, acceleration, pressure and density
By : rraezzz subtopic 4.3

 Proportions Is the quality of the ratios between

two pairs of quantities
 When the ratios of two pairs of quantities are
the same, the quantities are proportional
 The pair of quantities can have different unit
 The unknown value in a proportion can be
determined by using cross multiplication method
and unitary method
By : rraezzz subtopic 4.4 & 4.5

 Problem involving Ratios, rates and proportion

 A percentage can be written in the form of
ratio because the total percentage is 100