IMMACULATE HEART OF MARY SEMINARY

Taloto District, Tagbilaran City

High School Department

Grade 9 Mathematics
LEARNING MODULE NO. 1
Fourth Quarter - Week 1
Topic: PROPORTION AND SIMILAR FIGURES

Student’s Name: Date:

Yr. Level: Grade 9-Mirror of Justice Time Frame: 5 hours
Teacher’s Name: Miss Maris Lorraine C. Daguplo Signature: Date Submitted:
Principal/Asst. Principal’s Signature: Highest Possible Score: 45
Parent’s/Guardian’s Signature 32
Over Printed Name: Target Score (70%):
45
Learning Objectives:
a. Describe a proportion.
b. Apply the fundamental law of proportion.
c. Display hard work, determination and wit in answering the given exercises.

Key Concepts Refer to pp. 263-267 and pp. 272-276.

Similarity in mathematics does not only mean having the same features. Similar objects or figures are compared in terms of measurements.
Ratio and proportion are used in similar figures.

Definition
a
A ratio is a comparison between two positive quantities a and b, expressed as a :b or , read as “a is to b”.
b
Like fractions, ratios can also be expressed in simplest form.
Examples
1.

The ratio of the lengths of the side of ∆ ABC and ∆≝¿ is 2

2
is to 3. The ratio may be written as 2 :3 or .
3

2.

In NEWS, the ratio of the measure of angle N to the measure of

angle S is 100:80. In simplest form, the ratio is 5:4.

3.

The ratio of the length of ¿ to the length of DN of kite FIND is

1
1 :1 or . Recall that in kite FIND, FI ≅ FD and ¿ ≅ DN .
1

4.

The ratio of the measures of angle F to angle L to angle Y is

30:60:90. In simplest form the ratio is 1:2:3. This is a ratio
comparing more than two quantities.

5. Two supplementary angles are in the ratio 1:3. Find the measures of the two angles.
The given ratio is 1:3 so the measures of the angels can be denoted by x and 3x. by definition of supplementary angles,
x +3 x=180
4 x=180
4 x 180
=
4 4
x=45 3 x=135

The measure of the angles are 45 and 135.

 Note that 1 :3=45:135 is an equation indicating that the two ratios are equal. Such equation is called proportion.

Definition
a c
A proportion is a statement of equality between two ratios. Thus, = or a :b=c :d is a proportion.
b d
a c
In the proportion = , a, b, c, and d are called the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th terms, respectively, and a and d are called extremes while b and c
b d
a c
are called the means. A proportion is an equation stating that two ratios are equal. Thus, = or a :b=c :d , read as “a is to b equals c is to d” is
b d
a proportion.
Since a proportion is an equation, then the missing term of a proportion can be solved using the following properties of a proportion.

Properties of a Proportion

Property 1
The product of the extremes is equal to the product of the means.

Examples
Solve for the missing term of each proportion.
3 x 11 7 x 21
1. = 2. = 3. =
5 25 x 9 12 8
3 ( 25 )=5 x 7 x=11(9) 8 x=21(12)
75 5 x 7 x 99 8 x 252
= = =
5 5 7 7 8 8
99 63
15=x x= x= or 31.5
7 2
Definition
a x
If a, b, and x are positive numbers, and = , then x is called the geometric mean between a and b.
x b

Examples
Find the geometric mean (gm) between each set of numbers.
1. 9 and 5 2. 18 and 2 3. 8 x and 2 x
gm=√ 9 •5 gm=√ 18• 2 gm=√ 8 x •2 x
¿ 3 √5 ¿ √ 36 ¿ √ 16 x
2

¿4 x
Property 2
The reciprocals of the two ratios are equal.

Illustration:
a c b d
If = , then = .
b d a c
Property 3
The means may be interchanged as the extremes may be interchanged.

Illustration:
a c d c
If = , then = .
b d b a
a c a b
If = , then = .
b d c d
Property 4
The denominator of each ratio may be added to or subtracted from its corresponding numerator.

Illustration:
a c a+b c +d
If = , then = .
b d b d
a c a−b c−d
If = , then = .
b d b d
Examples
Apply the property indicated in rewriting the given proportion.
 a b
1. Use Property 3 in = .
3 6
6 b a 3
= or =
3 a b 6

12+ x 17
2. Use Property 4 in = .
5 9
12+ x +5 17+ 9 12+ x −5 17−9
= =
5 9 5 9
17+ x 26 7+ x 8
= =
5 9 5 9

PR OB
3. =
Use Property 2 in .
MS DL
MS DL
=
PR OB
An equation involving three or more equal ratios is called an extended proportion.

a c e g
= = = =… is an extended proportion.
b d f h
In the introduction of this lesson, ratio and proportion are used in similar polygons. Polygons are similar if they have exactly the same
shape but not necessarily the same size.

Definition
Two polygons are similar if the corresponding angles are congruent and the corresponding sides are in a
proportion.

Illustration:

∆ ACT is similar to ∆ PRO . In symbol, ∆ ACT ∆ PRO . By

the definition of similar polygons, A≅ P, C≅ R, T≅
AC CT AT AC CT AT
O, and = = . Any of the ratios, , ,∨
PR RO PO PR RO PO
is called the scale factor between the two similar figures.
Note that in the definition of similar polygons, “corresponding angles” and “corresponding sides” are used. In writing a similarity statement
between two polygons, the order of the vertices is important.
 IMMACULATE HEART OF MARY SEMINARY
Taloto District, Tagbilaran City
High School Department

Grade 9 Mathematics
LEARNING MODULE NO. 1
Fourth Quarter - Week 1
Topic: PROPORTION AND SIMILAR FIGURES

Student’s Name: Date:

Yr. Level: Grade 9-Mirror of Justice Time Frame: 5 hours
Teacher’s Name: Miss Maris Lorraine C. Daguplo Signature: Date Submitted:
Principal/Asst. Principal’s Signature: Highest Possible Score: 45
Parent’s/Guardian’s Signature 32
Over Printed Name: Target Score (70%):
45

EXERCISES
A. Given: CUTE is a parallelogram. Use it to express the following ratios in simplest from. (16 pts)
1. m C: m T

2. m E: m U

UT
3.
CU

CE
4.
ET

5. CE:UT

6. CU:ET

mC
7.
mE
 mT
8.
mU

B. In the following proportion, identify the means and the extremes. (8 pts)
EI SM
1. = 3. 1 :2 as m X :m Y
FX PV

2. m A : m B=m X :mY 4. 4 :SH =5: FY

C. Solve for x. (6 pts)

2 6 x−8 x
1. = 2. =
x+5 8 x 15 43

D. Solve the given problems. (15 pts)

1. The measures of the angles of a triangle are in the ratio 11:12:13. Find the measures of the angles.

2. The measures of the acute angles of a right triangle are in the ratio 1:2. Find the measures of the angles.
 3. The 1st, 3rd, and 4th terms of a proportion are 3.75, 0.75, and 0.25, respectively. Find the 2 nd term.

Date Submitted: _____________________