CIRCUITS 1

BASIC CONCEPT OF ELECTRICITY

PREPARED BY: JOAN STA.ANA
 Contents:
CHARGES and Its Law
Electrical Quantities: Voltage and Current

Topic Objectives:

To state the Law of charges

To define the meaning of voltage in relation to charges
To define the meaning of current in relation to charges
To solve problems dealing with voltage and current
from a given charge
LAW OF CHARGES

http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/Class/estatics/u8l1c.html
Practice Exercise:
1. Electrical forces ____.
a. can cause objects to only attract each other
b. can cause objects to only repel each other
c. can cause objects to attract or repel each other
d. have no affect on objects

2. Two objects are charged as shown at the right. Object X will ____ object Y.
a. attract b. repel c. not affect

3. Two objects are shown at the right. One is neutral and the other is negative.
Object X will ____ object Y.
a. attract b. repel c. not affect

http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/Class/estatics/u8l1c.html
THE VOLTAGE

VOLTAGE SURROUNDS TWO MAGNETISM SURROUNDS

ELECTRIC CHARGES A MAGNET'S POLES

http://amasci.com/miscon/voltage.html

The Separation of Charges

“The separation of positive and negative charges establishes

a potential difference (VOLTAGE).”
http://www.mi.mun.ca/users/cchaulk/eltk1100/ivse/ivse.htm#
“The potential difference causes the free electrons to move
in a single direction, thus establishes the flow of electrons
(ELECTRIC CURRENT)”
CHARGES
One Coulomb :
1C = 6.24x1018 protons
-1C = 6.24x1018 electrons

THE VOLTAGE - involves work (Energy)

W = F x d (joules) but F = ma
The statement:
1 volt = the amount of work (joules) required to move
one coulomb of charge between two points.
The equation:
Voltage (V) = W (joules)
Q (coulomb)

To determine the energy:

W = (Q) (V) (joules, J)

To determine the charge involved:

Q= W_(coulomb, C)
V
Sample Problems:

1. Find the voltage between two points if 60J of energy are

required to move a charge of 20C between two points.

2. Determine the energy expended moving a charge of 50C

between two points if the voltage across these points is
6V.

ELECTRIC CURRENT (I)

Which came first, Voltage or Current?

VOLTAGE is the starting mechanism

CURRENT is simply a reaction to the applied voltage
 CURRENT
= is the result of the movement of electric charge

= rate of flow of charge

The statement:
1 ampere = one coulomb of charge (6.24x1018e) pass
through an imaginary plane in one second.

The current equation:

Q_ (coulomb, C)
I = = Ampere (A)
t (sec, S)
 Manipulating:

Q = (I) (t) (coulomb, C)

t = Q_ (seconds, S)
I

Sample Problems:

1. The charge flowing through the imaginary surface is 0.16C

every 64ms. Determine the current in amperes.

2. Determine how long it will take 4 x 1016 e to pass

through the imaginary surface if the current is 5mA.
Exercises:

1. Find the charge in coulombs of

a) 2.9 x 1022 protons

2. How many protons have a combined charge of 6.8pC?

3. Find the current flow through a light bulb from a steady

movement of
a) 60 C in 5 sec
b) 15 C in 2 min

4. Electrons pass to the right through a wire cross section

at the rate of 6.4 x 1021 electrons per minute. What is the
current in the wire?
5. Will a 10-A fuse blow for a steady rate of charge flow
through it of 45000 C/h?

6. Assuming a steady current flow through a switch, find the

time required for
a) 2.58 x 1015 electron if I = - 64.2 nA (in hour)

7. Find the work required to lift 4500kg elevator at a vertical

distance of 50m.

8. Find the voltage drop across a light bulb if 0.5A current

flowing through it for 4 sec causes the light bulb to give
off 240J of light and heat energy.