CIRCUITS 1

POWER AND ENERGY

PREPARED BY: ENGR: JOAN STA.ANA
POWER AND ENERGY
The Equation:

http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/class/energy/u5l1e.html
POWER = an indication of how much work (energy) can be
accomplished amount of time.
= rate of doing work
= product of voltage and current

1 Watt = One joule of work that is either absorbed or

delivered at a constant rate of 1 second
P = V x I
= W x Q
Q t
Power Equation:

W (Joules) (Watts, W)
P = t (sec)
 ENERGY = Power that must be used over a period of time
= lost or gained by the system

Energy Equation:

W = (P) x (t) ( Watt-seconds or Joules)

Power (W) x time (hr)

Energy (kilowatt-hour, kWh) =
1000

POWER RATING OF RESISTORS

If Pin > PR
Pin resistor will be damaged!
PR ( Excessive HEAT!)
Check whether the resistor in each circuit has possibly been
damaged.

+ ¼W
_ 100Ω _ 1W
9V 10Ω
+ 5V
(a)
(c)

+ ½ W
_ 1.5kΩ
24V

(b)
 ADDITIONAL SAMPLE PROBLEMS

1. How much energy (in kilowatt-hours) is required to light a

100watt bulb (continuously for 1 year = 365 days)?

2. How long can a 205W television set be on before using more

than 4kWhr of energy?

3. What is the cost of using a 5Hp motor for two hours if the
rate is P50.00 per kWhr ?
 EFFICIENCY - the ratio of output to input power
Pout
η = x 100%
Pin

Sample Problems:

1. A 2Hp motor operates at an efficiency of 75%. What is the

power input in watts? If the applied voltage is 220V, what
is the input current?

2. What is the output in horsepower of a motor with an

efficiency of 80% and an input current of 8A at 120V?